scholarly journals A Neurotoxocariasis Case Manifesting Multiple Cerebral Infarction and Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-335
Author(s):  
SangJoon Kang ◽  
Jaeyoung Park ◽  
Hoe Jong Jeong ◽  
Jae-Jeong Joo ◽  
Seungmin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Multiple Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis

Although Toxocara canis is known to cross the blood-brain barrier, central nervous system involvement is uncommon. Clinical manifestations vary and include cerebral infarction, meningoencephalitis, myelitis, vasculitis or seizure. However cerebral infarction and meningoencephalitis rarely occur simultaneously. We report a case of multiple cerebral infarction combined with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in a patient with neurotoxocariasis. After control of increased intracranial pressure and treatment with albendazole and steroid, the patient’s clinical symptoms improved markedly.

scholarly journals Towards Central Nervous System Involvement in Adults with Hereditary Myopathies

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-393
Author(s):  
Jens Reimann ◽  
Cornelia Kornblum
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

There is increasing evidence of central nervous system involvement in numerous neuromuscular disorders primarily considered diseases of skeletal muscle. Our knowledge on cerebral affection in myopathies is expanding continuously due to a better understanding of the genetic background and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Intriguingly, there is a remarkable overlap of brain pathology in muscular diseases with pathomechanisms involved in neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disorders. A rapid progress in advanced neuroimaging techniques results in further detailed insight into structural and functional cerebral abnormalities. The spectrum of clinical manifestations is broad and includes movement disorders, neurovascular complications, paroxysmal neurological symptoms like migraine and epileptic seizures, but also behavioural abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction. Cerebral involvement implies a high socio-economic and personal burden in adult patients sometimes exceeding the everyday challenges associated with muscle weakness. It is especially important to clarify the nature and natural history of brain affection against the background of upcoming specific treatment regimen in hereditary myopathies that should address the brain as a secondary target. This review aims to highlight the character and extent of central nervous system involvement in patients with hereditary myopathies manifesting in adulthood, however also includes some childhood-onset diseases with brain abnormalities that transfer into adult neurological care.

scholarly journals Detection of dengue virus serotype 1 in central nervous system of a child in Bandung, West Java: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2110343
Author(s):  
Dewi Hawani Alisjahbana ◽  
Syndi Nurmawati ◽  
Dzulfikar DL Hakim ◽  
Mia Milanti ◽  
Yora Permata Dewi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
West Java ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Dengue Virus Serotype 1

Central nervous system involvement of dengue virus is increasingly reported from endemic areas. This study describes the clinical characteristics and laboratory features of a pediatric patient enrolled in a central nervous system illness study conducted in 2017–2018 to identify viral and bacterial etiologies in Indonesian children. Dengue diagnostics including molecular and serological testing were performed on an encephalitis patient who presented with both classical dengue and neurological clinical symptoms. Dengue virus serotype 1 RNA was detected in both cerebrospinal fluid and serum by serotype-specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the E gene was successfully sequenced. Anti-dengue virus immunoglobulin M was detected in both admission and discharge sera, whereas anti-dengue virus immunoglobulin G was identified only in the discharge serum. This study describes the central nervous system complications in a case with dengue virus infection in West Java, Indonesia, and highlights the potential for dengue virus serotype 1, a serotype rarely associated with neurotropism, to cause encephalitis.

scholarly journals Central nervous system manifestations of mucormycosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Ishita A. Shah ◽  
Niral R. Modi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Radiological Finding ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Surgical Debridement ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities

<p><strong>Background:</strong> There has been an unprecedented increase in the number of mucormycosis cases post the second wave of COVID-19 in India, with a variety of clinical manifestations. The central nervous system manifestations have proven to be especially fatal, hence these require special attention. Aims and objectives of current investigation was to study the epidemiology, clinical features, risk factors, diagnostic modalities, management and complications of CNS manifestations of mucormycosis.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a retrospective study, conducted on the mucormycosis patients admitted in G.G. hospital Jamnagar. Patients with clinically and radiologically evident central nervous system involvement were included in the study. The records of the patients were followed for 3 months post the diagnosis. 47 patients were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of the patients was 51 years. 72.34% of patients were males, and 27.65%, were females. The most common clinical feature was headache 100% followed by fever 55%. Most of the patients (97.87%) had history of COVID 19 or had active infection. 63.96% had diabetes Mellitus. The most common radiological finding was cavernous sinus thrombosis (32.60%), 72.34% underwent surgical debridement, and all the patients were administered Amphotericin B. The outcome improved significantly with surgical debridement, with recovery seen in 51.06% patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There has been a steep rise in the cases of mucormycosis following the COVID-19 pandemic. It is an extremely virulent infection which spreads rapidly, often causing the involvement of the central nervous system. However, early diagnosis and intervention have been found to alter the prognosis significantly.</p>

scholarly journals Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3K27M-mutant Subtype, Confused for Viral Encephalitis: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Weidong Yang ◽  
Cong Fu ◽  
Yiyao Cao ◽  
Zhijuan Chen ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Cns Midline ◽  
Diffuse Midline Glioma

The diffuse midline glioma, H3K27M-mutant subtype, occurs mainly in children as a result of mutations in the histone H3 (H3F3A) and HIST1H3B (K27M) genes and is characterized by diffuse tumor growth in central nervous system (CNS) midline structures. Due to its nonspecific clinical manifestations, viral encephalitis is often confused with other central nervous system diseases. In this case, we reported a young male patient who was admitted to the hospital chiefly complaining of “diplopia for more than two months and aggravated walking instability for more than 10 days”. After admission, relevant patient blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests were completed, and no obvious abnormalities were found. Chest CT suggested pulmonary infection; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contrast-enhanced CT, PET-CT and other imaging examinations of the head all indicated a high possibility of viral encephalitis. Symptoms of fever were improved in the patient after treatment with antiviral therapy and anti-infection therapy. However, symptoms of neurological function loss, such as double vision and adverse right limb movement, persisted. Finally, stereotactic biopsies of deep brain lesions were carried out and sent to the pathology department, which led to a diagnosis of diffuse midline glioma, H3K27M-mutant subtype (WHO IV). His family chose to perform conservative treatment in another hospital, and the patient died four months later. To conclude, when clinical symptoms of suspected viral encephalitis appear in the course of diffuse midline glioma, it can result in confusion regarding clinical diagnosis and treatment. Clinicians should ensure proper early recognition and identification of the disease.

scholarly journals Clinical Analysis of Pediatric Systemic Juvenile Xanthogranulomas: A Retrospective Single-Center Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyun Lian ◽  
Ang Wei ◽  
Lejian He ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Honghao Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Second Line ◽  
First Line ◽  
Line Chemotherapy ◽  
First Line Treatment

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of children with systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG).Methods: Clinical data of children with JXG who were hospitalized in Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2012 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including clinical manifestations, laboratory determinations, treatment, and prognosis of the children. Patients were treated with vindesine + prednisone as the first-line treatment and cytarabine + vindesine + dexamethasone ± cladribine as the second-line treatment.Results: Ten patients, including 8 males and 2 females, with a median of onset age of 1.95 (0.80–7.30) years, exhibited multi-system dysfunction. The median age of diagnosis was 2.45 (1.30–12.10) years. The most common location of extracutaneous lesions was the central nervous system (6 cases), followed by the lung (5 cases) and bone (4 cases). Nine patients underwent first-line chemotherapy, and 6 patients underwent second-line chemotherapy, including 5 patients with poorly controlled disease after first-line treatment. The median observation time was 29 (3–115) months. Nine patients survived, whereas one patient died of respiratory failure caused by pulmonary infection. At the end of follow-up, 7 patients were in active disease (AD)/regression state (AD-better), and 2 patients were in an AD/stable state (AD-stable). Three patients had permanent sequelae, mainly central diabetes insipidus. The rates of response to the first-line treatment and the second-line treatment were 40.0 and 66.7% respectively.Conclusion: The chemotherapy protocol for Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) may be effective for patients with systemic JXG. Central nervous system involvement may not impact overall survival, but serious permanent sequelae may occur.

scholarly journals Fatal Outcome of Ilheus Virus in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of a Patient Diagnosed with Encephalitis

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 957
Author(s):  
Bruno H. G. A. Milhim ◽  
Cássia F. Estofolete ◽  
Leonardo C. da Rocha ◽  
Elisabete Liso ◽  
Vânia M. S. Brienze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
Documented Case

Ilheus virus is an arbovirus with the potential for central nervous system involvement. Accurate diagnosis is a challenge due to similar clinical symptoms and serologic cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses. Here, we describe the first documented case of a fatal outcome following the identification of Ilheus virus in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient with cerebral encephalitis in Brazil.

Neurosarcoidosis with Intraparenchymal Cystic Lesions

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 810-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A. Al Hajri ◽  
A.T. Muqim ◽  
T.J.E. Muttikkal
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Cystic Lesions ◽  
Imaging Appearance ◽  
Granulomatous Disorder ◽  
The Right

Sarcoidosis is a chronic multi-system granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. Central nervous system involvement is relatively uncommon in sarcoidosis. Clinical manifestations and radiological appearances of neurosarcoidosis vary widely depending on the site and activity of the lesions. In most cases, the imaging appearance is nonspecific. We report a very rare case of extensive neurosarcoidosis with progressively enlarging cystic lesions in the right temporal lobe.

scholarly journals Neurological pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): from virological features to clinical symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Kase ◽  
Hideyuki Okano
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
Neural Disorders

AbstractSince the worldwide outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2020, various research reports and case reports have been published. It has been found that COVID-19 causes not only respiratory disorders but also thrombosis and gastrointestinal disorders, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and peripheral neuropathy. Compared to other disorders, there are low number of research reports and low number of summaries on COVID-19-related neural disorders. Therefore, focusing on neural disorders, we outline both basic research and clinical manifestations of COVID-19-related neural disorders.

DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS IN BRAIN OF PATIENTS WITH NEUROINFECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1437-1441
Author(s):  
Pavel Dyachenko ◽  
Igor Filchakov ◽  
Anatoly Dyachenko ◽  
Victoria Kurhanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Intrathecal Synthesis ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Mrz Reaction ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: Viral encephalitis accounts for 40-70% of all cases worldwide, central nervous system infections pose a diagnostic challenge because clinical manifestations are not typically pathognomonic for specific pathogens, and a wide range of agents can be causative. The aim: To assess the diagnostic value of intrathecal synthesis of specific antibodies in patients with inflammatory lesions of the central nervous system. Materials and methods: Within the framework of the study, two groups of 90 people in each were formed from the patients with neuroinfections admitted to our Center. Intrathecal synthesis (ITS) of total (unspecific) IgG in members of one of group (group of compare) was determined. Brain synthesis of specific antibodies (Ab) to some neurotropic pathogens (herpes simplex virus 1/2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella zoster virus, rubella virus, Borrelies) was studied in the second group of patients (group of interest). There were no statistically significant differences between groups by gender and age. Encephalitis and encephalomyelitis prevailed among patients of both groups Results: ITS of total IgG was established in 30 (33.3 ± 6.1 %) patients of the first group with IgG index more than 0.6 indicating on inflammatory process in CNS and no marked changes of CSF. ITS of specific Ab was determined in 23 of 90 (25.6 ± 4.6 %) patients included into group of interest. In more than half of cases Ab to several infectious agents were detected simultaneously. ITS of various specificity, in particular, to measles and rubella viruses, and VZV, known as MRZ-reaction, is characteristic of some autoimmune lesions of CNS, multiple sclerosis first of all. In fact, further research of 5 patients with MRZ-reaction confirmed their autoimmune failure of CNS. Detection of ITS in the CSF samples didn’t depend on concentration of specific Ab in serum and CSF and wasn’t followed by HEB dysfunctions which were observed with the same frequency in patients with or without ITS (13.0 % and 13.6 % respectively). Conclusion: Specific Ab synthesis to several neurotropic pathogens in the CSF of significant part of examined patients was established. Thus, diagnostic value of ITS of specific immunoglobulins seems to be limited to cases in which autoimmune damage of the CNS is suspected.

scholarly journals Central Nervous System Vasculitis as a Rare Presentation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-409
Author(s):  
Ashraf Omer Elamin Ahmed ◽  
Mona Mohammad Ibraheem Babikir ◽  
Amir Elssoni Mahjoup Khojali ◽  
Suresh Nalaka Menik Arachchige ◽  
Abdirahman Mohamud Abdirahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Central Nervous System Vasculitis ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
Tract Infections

<i>Mycobacteria pneumoniae</i> (MP) commonly causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections. The clinical manifestation is classified as pulmonary and extrapulmonary. These manifestations vary according to the involved system. MP may affect one system or more at a time. Commonly prodromal respiratory symptoms precede systemic involvement. Central nervous system involvement in uncommon. This report is presenting a rare case of central nervous system vasculitis secondary to MP, highlighting the diagnosis and management with a succinct literature review.

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