scholarly journals Modernist interpretation of the image of the sun in the European literature of the late 19th and early 20th centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-141
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Cherevchenko ◽  
Oleksandr Cherevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
National Language ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Organic Part ◽  
European Literature ◽  
Psychological Behavior ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Original Phenomenon

The article is devoted to the clarification of the semantic and text-creating potential of linguistic cultures in the european and ukrainian artistic speech. The research was carried out in several directions: a) on the material of texts of european and ukrainian authors of the beginning of the twentieth century revealed semantic-stylistic features of the linguistic culture of the sun; b) considered the semantic structure of the text through the projection of this image into the context; c) through the description the modernist features of the interpretation of the image in the European literature of the early twentieth century. In the work, a comparative method of analysis was used, which allowed to find out the common and excellent in interpreting the image, revealing its deep meaning. Modern linguistics defines the concept of linguistic ethnocentrism. It becomes the background for the development of an ethnic group as an original phenomenon, acts as a uniting beginning of each individual nation, a marker of the national language, traditions, and culture. The history of its formation is dynamic. The philosophical origins are hidolen in the idea of anthropocentrism. Human being is regarded as an organic part of nature, and its surrounding animals, birds, trees, plants, rivers, rocks – as living beings endowed with a human soul The formation of linguistic ethnocentrism was significantly affected by the geographical and climatic features of the ethnic group's residence (natural landscape, climate, natural phenomena, flora and fauna). The natural origin caused the occurrence of a system of cult concepts associated with phyto-and dendrological symbols. It is expedient to analyze the historical and social conditions of the formation of an ethnic group and its culture (economic activity, occupation, relations with neighbors, social and political forms).The distinctive features of any ethnic group affect its psychological behavior and mental traits. Among the most characteristic features of Ukrainians, it is appropriate to name humanity, individualism, emotionality, sentimentalism, receptivity, hospitality, a kind of sincerity, lyricism. Formation of national-marked language units (epithets, metaphors, comparisons, proper names, compound words, associative language relations, specific vocabulary and phraseology) becomes the background of individualization of any ethnic culture, and Ukrainian especially. Ethnic language pictures of the world, which all members of society are involved in, affect the way people think and behave.

scholarly journals Comparative variationism for the study of language change: five centuries of competition amongst Spanish deontic periphrases

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Blas Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
Complementary Distribution ◽  
Modal Verb ◽  
History Of

AbstractBased on a corpus composed entirely of texts close to the pole of communicative immediacy, mainly private letters from the sixteenth, eighteenth and twentieth centuries (c. 1960), this paper analyses the results of a variationist study on the historical evolution undergone by the Spanish modal periphrases with three distinct auxiliary verbs (haber, tener, deber). Using the heuristic tools of the comparative method, the data show that variation has been constrained by a handful of common factor groups over almost five centuries. Nonetheless, with the odd exception, these factors have conditioned each verb in a different way. Moreover, the sense of this variation changes as time goes by, with especially relevant reorganisation in the first part of the twentieth century. Furthermore, there is a notable association between these constraints and the degree of markedness and the frequency of the conditioning contexts, giving support to a usage-based approach to language change in which cognitive processes such as entrenchment play a decisive role. These data also allow a particular profile to be traced for each modal verb in the history of Spanish, in which tener and haber finally undergo a complementary distribution, whereas deber follows a different pattern. After several centuries of stagnation, tener becomes the star in the deontic firmament of spontaneous communication, diffusing abruptly as a change from below in the twentieth century, and replacing haber, which had been the unmarked variant for centuries.

scholarly journals Translations of Cicero in Lomonosov’s A Brief Guide to Eloquence

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
European Literature ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
The Russian Language

This article examines Mikhail V. Lomonosov’s translation techniques and idiolect in his A Brief Guide to Eloquence (1748), with most of the examples being translated fragments of European literature. A comparison of the translated fragments from Cicero (the author analyses 82 excerpts from the antique orator’s works) with Lomonosov’s own Latin texts makes it possible to see some features of Lomonosov’s translation techniques. Except for the translated fragments included in the textbook on rhetoric, some of Cicero’s works were entirely translated into Russian in the eighteenth century. The author also compares Lomonosov’s translated fragments from Cicero (Cic. Leg. Man., Cat., Arch., Har. resp., etc.) with translations by K. Kondratovich, which were released twenty years after those by Lomonosov. The aim of the research is to show the peculiarities of Lomonosov’s translations, resulting both from the specifics of his translation techniques and the task of these texts as examples of Russian eloquence. The comparative method allows the author to conclude that Lomonosov managed to adequately convey the content and form in his translations and to recreate the style while closely adhering to the original – all this convinced him that the Russian language ‘stands out among all the languages of Europe in its grandeur and richness’. In Lomonosov’s translation techniques, there is a tendency for word-by-word translation and an attempt to preserve the Latin syntax; there is also a noticeable tendency to replace specific ancient culture-specific concepts with modern ones (a principle dating back to humanistic translations into Latin and vulgar languages). The translator’s adherence to the original is of practical importance for historians of literature and allows us to determine when the original text was taken from textbooks on rhetoric.

scholarly journals DEFICIENCIES OF PLATO’S DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Iryna Liashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Rapid Degradation ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Democratic Election ◽  
Proper Operation

Main objective of the study. The objective of the study is to identify deficiencies of the democratic political system in order to protect democracy from rapid degradation into tyranny. Methodology. The systematic method was selected as the methodological basis for the research, as it enables the consideration of Plato’s democratic system as interdependent with other types of states. The comparative method proved to be effective for distinguishing the characteristic features of the aristocratic, timocratic, oligarchic, democratic and tyrannical state of the human soul and Plato’s system of government.Findings and conclusions. To enable proper operation of democracy, it requires protection from its own deficiencies. These deficiencies include the following: firstly, the flaw of haughty, arrogant attitude towards wise talented naturally eminent people and the fear of their coming to power originates from timocracy; secondly, just as «barns with gold» destroyed the timocratic and oligarchic type of state, so the residues of these «barns» turn into a flaw of democracy in the form of a social abyss between the most affluent and the most deprived strata of the society; thirdly, this is excessive will in democracy that is gradually turning into excessive slavery. Regarding the latter, Plato emphasizes the anarchic extreme of freedom in democracy, which turns it into arbitrariness. After all, in a democracy there is no need to participate in government; not necessarily obey; no go to war; neither obey peace or laws, etc. The main consequence of all these deficiencies in the democratic system is the fostering of a future tyrant rooting from a people’s deputy. Since the thinker points out that no matter how many times a tyrant appears, he does not come from somewhere, but only from a democratic election procedure.

Divine Text, National Language, and Their Publics: Arguing an Indonesian Qur'an

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Webb Keane
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
National Language ◽  
Local Form ◽  
Literary Critic ◽  
Transnational Community ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

AbstractThe entry of a universal revelation into the mundane world of language threatens to be paradoxical: it must take a specific and local form. As such, it becomes implicated in nationalist, ethnic, linguistic, and other sources of community. This article centers on a small melodrama in late twentieth-century Indonesia, home to the largest number of Muslims of any country. After undergoing a mid-life spiritual awakening, H. B. Jassin, a modernist literary critic, editor, and ardent defender of freedom of expression, undertook two projects intended to convey the aesthetic power of the Qur'an to a non-Arabic speaking public. But if Qur'anic Arabic summons a transnational community of the faithful, standardized Indonesian was developed to address a nation of citizens. If scripture speaks in a divine, uncreated idiom, the national language is shaped by human efforts. Jassin's career had served a vision of literature and its public whose values and semiotic ideologies were dramatically at odds with Qur'anic traditions. Although this may appear at first glance to be a familiar story of progress and its opponents, this article asks whether Jassin's critics grasped something about signs and communities that his defenders did not. Examining the furor that resulted from his Qur'ans, it explores an array of conflicting assumptions about language, freedom, truth, and people's lives together in the late twentieth century.

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