scholarly journals SUCCESSION DYNAMICS OF NATIVE SPRUCE FORESTS OF DIFFERENT AGES IN EUROPEAN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
V. G. Storozhenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Age Series

Relevance. The article discusses various options for assigning forest biogeocenoses to a certain dynamic position in the successional field of their development. The proposed method for dynamic assessment of the position of forest creates the possibility of assessing the total movement of tree volumes in the age generations of the age range of the forest biogeocenosis the possibility of analyzing the past changes in the age structure of the biogeocenosis and predicting its future development for a very distant future. Material and methods. The objects of research are native virgin spruce biogeocenoses of different ages in the northern taiga of the Kandalaksha forestry enterprise of the Nyamozersky forestry of the Murmansk region, the Severodvinsky forestry enterprise of the Arkhangelsk region; middle taiga spruce forests of the Vepssky forest reserve, Leningrad region. and the tract “Atleka” of the Andomsky forestry of the Vologda region; southern taiga spruce forests of the Kologrivsky forest reserve Kostroma region and the Central Forest Biosphere Reserve in the Tver region. The author studied the features of the structures of the age series of spruce forests, the most typical and productive types of growing conditions for spruce. Results and conclusions. All represented forest communities have different ratios of the number and volume of trees in the age generations of the age series and, as a consequence, different positions in the successional dynamics of development. Wood-destroying fungi of the biotrophic complex, as an endogenous structure of the forest community, actively participates in the dynamic processes of its development at all stages of its successional movement. The infection of trees by fungi of this complex increases from the last generations to the first to the maximum values in the oldest trees of the first generation. The dynamic position of the indigenous virgin forest community of different ages can be described with a wider range of assessments of the dynamics of its development in retrospect and perspective in terms of the ratio of quantitative and volumetric indicators of age generations of age series than in terms of the current structure of the age series. When assessing the successional stage of the forest community, it is necessary to take into account the quantity (volumes) and structure of the deadwood.

scholarly journals Tree Change in Nemoral Spruce Forests of the Central Forest Reserve

2021 ◽  
pp. 459-476
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Pukinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Leaved Forest

The paper discusses changes in forest-forming species in the nemoral spruce forests of the Central Forest Reserve (Tver Region, the Russian Federation). A comparison is made of the characterization of vegetation in the reserve spruce forests, carried out during the first survey of the reserve by Ya. Ya. Alekseev in 1931 (Alekseev, 1935) with the descriptions of vegetation made by the author from 2011 to 2019. It is shown that the coverage of nemoral herbs in the spruce forests of the reserve has increased over the past 90 years. In addition, three types of broadleaf trees (Tilia cordata Mill., Acer platanoides L. and Ulmus scabra Mill.) have greatly increased their abundance in the stand, most notably the linden. In recent decades, the decay of nemoral spruce forests has been taking place in the Central Forest Reserve. The birch-aspenspruce stand is not replenished with spruce renewal but is replaced by linden-maple forests. The vitality of spruce undergrowth is deteriorating. After the decay of a spruce forest, a change of the tree dominants occurs on 74% of the trial plots and the stand continues with a spruce forest on 26%. The largest part of the reserve's nemoral spruce forests arose after major disturbances 100–150 years ago (on the site of burned-out areas, hurricane windblows and cuttings). Old nemoral spruce forests were formed during the period when severe frosts prevented linden and maple from entering the stand. Currently, the coincidence of climate warming with the aging of the spruce stand and the removal of anthropogenic influence contributed to the release of maple and linden from the undergrowth into the stand and change to a spruce-deciduous forest. Under the prevailing climatic conditions, a return to the spruce forest is possible in the event of a burning out or when the climate becomes cold. The nemoral spruce forest is an ecotone type and, depending on conditions, becomes a spruce or broad-leaved forest.

Phytomass and Organic Carbon Stocks in the Middle Taiga Spruce Forests during Restoration after Clear Cutting

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
A. F. Osipov ◽  
V. V. Tuzhilkina ◽  
A. A. Dymov ◽  
K. S. Bobkova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Clear Cutting

scholarly journals FOOD HABITS OF NORTHERN DEER, CONDUCING THEIR INVASIATION BY HELMINTHS

2019 ◽  
pp. 318-322
Author(s):  
Loginova ◽  
Belova
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Bird Eggs ◽  
Freshwater Mollusks ◽  
Passive Experiment

Reindeer, in contrary to the notion of him as a ruminant animal, moreover, is able to develop strategies against ectoparasites and has a specific eating habits, increasing its chances of helminths invasion. Thus, there are reports of the reindeer eating snow soaked in human urine, brackish soil, horns of both reindeer and elks, chicks, bird eggs and excrement, as well as lemmings. Using the method of a passive experiment (observation), reindeer have been investigated in a recreational farm in the Leningrad Region (60°8′32′′N, 30°19′35′′E60.142207, 30.326466) starting from February 2018. The animals of the parent flock were brought there from the Murmansk region, and in May-June 2018 females calved. Animals are kept in a fenced area in conditions close to natural. During the growing season, they eat grass (with the addition of concentrates), in the winter they are fed with lichen. Fresh water is always available in drinkers. Photo registration of animals was carried out using a 5D Mark II (Canon) SLR camera and Xperia XA2 smartphone (SONY) camera. In addition to typical ruminant eating behavior (grazing, rumination), synchronized drinking and urination/defecation were recorded. This illustrates the route of invasion of reindeer with elafostrongylosis (previously diagnosed in these animals) – namely, through the absorption of freshwater mollusks, which, along with land gastropods, are intermediate hosts of Elaphostrongulys rangiferi. Thus, it was discovered that reindeer not only tend to avoid water consumption from reservoirs polluted with feces and urine in the presence of an alternative, but also intentionally prefer this method to compensate for the loss of minerals.

STATUS OF FIR FORESTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Сингатуллин ◽  
Irek Singatullin
Keyword(s):  
Age Composition ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
Forest Conditions

After the drought of 2010, there was partial drying of plants of fir-spruce forests of different ages throughout the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, in the Kama area fir was on the verge of extinction. The studies on fir forest state have been conducted at the 5 forest areas in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2011-15. As a result, we defined the extent of drying, determined the regularities of desiccation in plantations, depending on the age, composition, diameter, forest conditions. Based on the research, we have made recommendations to improve the sanitary conditions of these plants, and the preservation of fir in the Republic of Tatarstan.

scholarly journals Meadows and pastures in the agricultural landscapes of the Karelian province of the Middle Taiga zone of the North-West of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
I A Trofimov ◽  
L S Trofimova ◽  
E P Yakovleva ◽  
D M Teberdiev ◽  
A A Kutuzova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
North West ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
The North ◽  
Mixed Grass

Abstract In order to take into account the territorial differences of natural and economic conditions, to identify biological and ecological patterns, the agro-landscape and ecological zoning of natural forage lands (NFL) of the North-Western natural and economic region of the Russian Federation has been developed. The Karelian province occupies 23% of the area in the north of the Leningrad region, bordering Karelia and Finland. The Karelian province is located in the western part of the Middle Taiga zone, which is characterized by Eastern European Middle Taiga plains. Most of the area of the province (65%) is covered by forests. Agricultural land occupies only 4% of the total area of the province. Including arable land – 2%, hayfields and pastures – 1% each. The territory of the province is significantly moistened and swampy. Swamps occupy 11% of the area, under water – about 11%. Shrubs occupy 3% of the area of the province, other land – about 6%. The structure of NFL is dominated (53%) by normally moistened dry-grass grasslands on sod-podzolic soils. Fine-grained sweet-scented and finegrained grasslands with a large participation of various grasses are common. The yield of hay is 9–13 c/ha, feed is 70 c/ha. Grass-mixed grass and grass-sedge-mixed grass lowland and swampy meadows on swamp-podzolic soils occupy 44%. Grass stands with the dominance of the sod pike are common. Swampy depressions are occupied by large-seeded grass stands. The yield of hay is 10–15 c/ha, feed is 9–11 c/ha. The ecological state of the province’s landscapes is satisfactory-tense.

Habitat Relationships of Small Mammals at Port Campbell National Park, Victoria.

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
K.L. Twyford
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Species List ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Vegetation Communities ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes

Habitat relationships of six species of small mammals was investigated in eight vegetation communities at Port Campbell National Park, Victoria. The dispersion of 317 trap captures over 10 months was used to assess the relationships of small mammals with different vegetation communities. Rattus fuscipes showed a strong affinity for dense, structurally complex vegetation, particularly a disused softwood plantation and to a lesser extent a closed-heath/low open-forest community. Captures of Rattus lutreolus were most frequent in the wetter communities which provided adequate cover, particularly the swamp community. A possible relationship between captures of this species and the abundance of sedge food resources is suggested. Antechinus swainsonii was captured in greatest numbers in tussock-grassland/low open-shrubland where dense ground cover was present. However, areas with dense mid-storey cover which were considered to be favourable habitat supported few individuals. Sminthopsis leucopus, although captured at low rates in only two communities, favoured more open vegetation than both A. swainsonii and A. minimus. The later species was captured rarely, but exclusively in open-heath, although more favourable habitat appeared to be present elsewhere in the Park. The low abundance of Mus musculus was attributed to a lack of habitat available at an early successional stage. A mammal species list for the Park of 15 species has been compiled based on trapping, incidental observations and indirect traces. Key areas for conservation of small mammals within the Park are identified.

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