Soluble phenolic compounds, total nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen in the litter horizons of undisturbed spruce forests in the central forest reserve

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 832-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Luzikov ◽  
S. Ya. Trofimov ◽  
A. G. Zavarzina ◽  
N. V. Zagoskina
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Spruce Forests

scholarly journals Tree Change in Nemoral Spruce Forests of the Central Forest Reserve

2021 ◽  
pp. 459-476
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Pukinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Leaved Forest

The paper discusses changes in forest-forming species in the nemoral spruce forests of the Central Forest Reserve (Tver Region, the Russian Federation). A comparison is made of the characterization of vegetation in the reserve spruce forests, carried out during the first survey of the reserve by Ya. Ya. Alekseev in 1931 (Alekseev, 1935) with the descriptions of vegetation made by the author from 2011 to 2019. It is shown that the coverage of nemoral herbs in the spruce forests of the reserve has increased over the past 90 years. In addition, three types of broadleaf trees (Tilia cordata Mill., Acer platanoides L. and Ulmus scabra Mill.) have greatly increased their abundance in the stand, most notably the linden. In recent decades, the decay of nemoral spruce forests has been taking place in the Central Forest Reserve. The birch-aspenspruce stand is not replenished with spruce renewal but is replaced by linden-maple forests. The vitality of spruce undergrowth is deteriorating. After the decay of a spruce forest, a change of the tree dominants occurs on 74% of the trial plots and the stand continues with a spruce forest on 26%. The largest part of the reserve's nemoral spruce forests arose after major disturbances 100–150 years ago (on the site of burned-out areas, hurricane windblows and cuttings). Old nemoral spruce forests were formed during the period when severe frosts prevented linden and maple from entering the stand. Currently, the coincidence of climate warming with the aging of the spruce stand and the removal of anthropogenic influence contributed to the release of maple and linden from the undergrowth into the stand and change to a spruce-deciduous forest. Under the prevailing climatic conditions, a return to the spruce forest is possible in the event of a burning out or when the climate becomes cold. The nemoral spruce forest is an ecotone type and, depending on conditions, becomes a spruce or broad-leaved forest.

Runoff characteristics of nutrients in the forest streams in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Umemoto ◽  
Y. Komai ◽  
T. Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Stream Flows ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hyogo Prefecture ◽  
Forest Streams ◽  
Precipitation Events

Nutrients and other pollutant runoffs from streams in artificial forest areas in central Hyogo Prefecture in southwest Japan have been investigated to estimate pollutant loads since 1995. The orthophosphate and ammonium nitrogen contents were usually low and constant during the investigation. When the flowrates of the streams were normal, the concentrations of suspended solids, CODMn, TOC and total phosphorus were very low, and did not change much. However, when stream flows were increased by rainstorms or other precipitation, higher concentrations of these parameters occurred. Otherwise, the average concentrations of nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen were 0.26 mg/l and 0.31 mg/l, respectively, and they were often increased by precipitation events. They changed at the same time because the ratio of nitrate nitrogen per total nitrogen was high, about 80%. The fluctuation of concentrations of total phosphorus was similar to SS concentrations, which suggested that phosphorus was discharged in the types of suspended solids from forest areas. The specific loads of the nutrients and some other pollutants did not differ among the three watersheds investigated. However, the difference among them between fine days and rainy days was fairly large. It was presumed that pollutant runoff from forest areas is strongly dependent on precipitation events.

scholarly journals Urinary nitrogen compounds in dairy cows fed urea as the sole or partial source of nitrogen

1976 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-335
Author(s):  
Terttu Ettala ◽  
Matti Kreula
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Urinary nitrogen compounds were determined in test cows with urea as the sole (0-cows) or partial (ULP-cows) source of nitrogen. An average of 0.49 % total nitrogen was found in 0-cows and 0.88 % in ULP-cows, the values for urea nitrogen being 2.24 and 2.63 mg/ml, for ammonium nitrogen 0.14 and 0.09 mg/ml, for creatinine 0.77 and 0.90 mg/ml and for creatine 0.28 and 0,42 mg/ml urine, respectively. Differences between the two groups were highly significant (P < 0.001) as regards total nitrogen and significant (P < 0.05) as regards urea nitrogen and creatine. In each group the between-cow differences were highly significant with regard to total and urea nitrogen and creatine, and in 0-cows also with regard to ammonium nitrogen and creatinine. Smaller amounts of urinary allantoin and larger amounts of uric acid were found in 0-cows than in ULP-cows. Corresponding determinations were made to some extent also on the urine of cows on normal indoor or pasture feeding.

Isotopic studies on the uptake of nitrogen by pasture grasses. I. Recovery of fertilizer nitrogen from the soil : plant system using rhodes grass in pots

Soil Research ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
AE Martin ◽  
EF Henzell ◽  
PS Ross ◽  
KP Haydock
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Plant System ◽  
Labelled Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Fertilizer

Results are reported of the first of a series of studies on the fate of nitrogen applied to soil under pasture. Two series of pretreatments (nil and 200 lb/ac N) were imposed on Rhodes grass, Chloris gayana Kunth, grown on a light-textured soil in pots in a glasshouse. Subsequently the grass was cut 3.3 cm above the soil surface and labelled ammonium nitrate (15NH4NO3) was added in amounts up to the equivalent of 800 lb/ac N. The fate of this added nitrogen was determined at the end of the experiment by analyzing the total contents of each pot for nitrogen and for 15N. The quantity of total nitrogen found in the pots (which included both labelled and unlabelled forms), and that of labelled nitrogen, were each linearly related to the amount of ammonium nitrate added. Regression analysis showed that 93.6% of added total nitrogen, and 94.0% of added labelled nitrogen, was recovered from the soil : plant system. These recoveries did not differ significantly from one another, indicating that the loss fell equally on labelled ammonium nitrogen and some unlabelled form of nitrogen; it is possible that this loss took place from the added ammonium nitrate fertilizer. There was no evidence to indicate the stage at which this loss occurred. Nitrogen pretreatment had a marked effect on the weight of stubble and roots in the pots when the ammonium nitrate was applied, but had no effect on nitrogen loss. Errors encountered during chemical and mass spectrometric analysis of the soil and plant material are discussed.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Analysis of Rhizosphere Soil Fertility in Maize (Zea mays) at Milking Stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 555-566
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Luan
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Tof Ms

In this study rhizosphere soil of cornat a milk stage was collected to investigate characteristic metabolites and their potential functions. Total nitrogen, organic matters, ammonium nitrogen, pH values, available phosphorus and potassium were determined by semimicro-Kjeldahl method, potassium dichromate (external heating) method, indophenol blue colorimetric method, potentiometry, NaHCO3leaching-molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method and NH4OAc leaching-flame spectrometry, respectively. In addition, UPLC-Q/TOF-MS was adopted for non-targeted metabolomicanalysis. As revealed by results, the total nitrogen contents in soils collected from Dongchuang (i.e., DCMRS for short)0.67±0.14mg/kg lower than from Fumin (i.e., FMMRS for short); moreover, both DCMRS and FMMRS were acid soils. DCMRS contains higher levels of AN (Ammonium nitrogen), SOC (Soil organic carbon), and AP (Available phosphorus) than FMMRS. The amount of TN (Total nitrogen) contained in FMMRS soil was2.410±0.422mg/kg, which is higher than DCMRS. All data derived from UPLC-Q/TOF-MS met the corresponding requirements for further analysis. Metabolites such as 2-methyl-1-propylamine, gamma-butyrolactone and 3-methyl-1-butylamine were detected in DCMRS and FMMRS samples. Several pathways were included, such as lipid metabolism, xenobioticsbiodegradation and metabolism, terpenoids and polyketides, and amino acid metabolism. Through comparison of FMMRS and DCMRS, metabolic pathways associated with nitrogen, carbon, and antibiotic metabolism including iron transport were significantly different between them. Taken together, FMMRS is more fertile, less acidic, and higher in nitrogen than DCMRS.© 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals The Potential of Sewage Treatment through Constructed Wetlands in Northeast India: A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getu Yoka ◽  
Ajay Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Macrophyte Removal

The benefits of economical treatment systems and global demand for introducing sustainable way of environmental management, the Constructed Wetlands (CWs) treatment of domestic sewage is rising rapidly all over the globe. The Total nitrogen in the sewage is the summation of Organic Nitrogen, Nitrate Nitrogen, Nitrite Nitrogen and Ammonium Nitrogen. Ammonification, Matrix Adsorption, Nitrification, Denitrification, Plant Uptake and Ammonia Volatilization are the principle involved for total nitrogen removal in the treatment of sewage using CWs. This paper provides a comprehensive review by comparative analysis of effects of type and nature of flow system, wetland structures, types of Macrophyte, removal mechanisms, Aeration, Step-feeding and other key operational parameters and conditions for the enhance removal of total nitrogen in CWs.

Effect of Aeration Rates on the Composting Process and Loss of Nitrogen during Composting

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Xiong Zhi-Qiang ◽  
Wang Guo-Xing ◽  
Huo Zhao-Chen ◽  
Yan Lei ◽  
Gao Ya-Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Ventilation Method

Composting is a controlled biological process used to stabilize and transform waste into a soil treatment. Aeration rate is one factor that controls the process of composting, as it ensures the growth of adequate aerobic microbe populations. To investigate the effect of aeration rates on the physicochemical indexes of compost and the loss of nitrogen content during composting, aerobic composting processes with different aeration rates (A: 0.2 L min-1 kg-1 TS, B: 0.05 L min-1 kg-1 TS and C: 0 L min-1 kg-1 TS) were studied. Ammonium-nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and other factors in compost samples from different periods were measured. The results showed that aeration rate significantly affected O2 content under different conditions. The aeration rate also significantly affected water content, nitrate nitrogen, and nitrogen loss. NH3 emissions increased as aeration rates increased at high temperatures owing to nitrogen loss. These results showed that aeration rate had a significant effect on total nitrogen and ammonia emissions (p<0.05). Thus, optimization of the ventilation method could significantly increase seed germination rate. 

Nitrogen removal in maturation ponds: tracer experiments with 15N-labelled ammonia

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Camargo Valero ◽  
D.D. Mara
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Influent Water ◽  
D 20 ◽  
Tracer Experiments

A primary maturation pond (M1) was spiked with labelled ammonium chloride (15NH4Cl) to track ammonium transformations associated with algal uptake and subsequent sedimentation. Conventional sampling based on grab samples collected from M1 influent, water column and effluent, and processed for unfiltered and filtered TKN, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, found low total nitrogen removal (8%) and high ammonium nitrogen removal (90%). Stable isotope analysis of 15N from suspended organic and ammonium nitrogen fractions in M1 effluent revealed that labelled ammonium was mainly found in the organic fraction (69% of the 15N recovered), rather than the inorganic fraction (5%). Algal uptake was the predominant pathway for ammonia removal, even though conditions were favourable for ammonia volatilization (8.9 &lt; pH &lt;10.1 units, 15.2 &lt; temperature &lt;18.8 °C). Total nitrogen was removed by ammonia volatilization at 15 g N/ha d (3%), organic nitrogen sedimentation at 105 g N/ha d (20%), and in-pond accumulation due to algal uptake at 377 g N/ha d (71%). Algal uptake of ammonium and subsequent sedimentation and retention in the benthic sludge, after partial ammonification of the algal organic nitrogen, is thus likely to be the dominant mechanism for permanent nitrogen removal in maturation ponds during warm summer months in England.

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