scholarly journals TAX INSTRUMENTS OF INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT STIMULATION: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND NATIONAL REALITIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1(66)) ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
B.V BURKINSKYI ◽  
O.I. LAIKO ◽  
V.P TALPA
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Tax Regulation

Topicality. The urgency of the problem of tax instruments using in the role of means for stimulation of investment activity and of means for creating of a favorable investment climate nowadays grows due to the need for additional resources that are to be involved in the socio-economic development of Ukraine, as well as through the progress of administrative reform, which creates new opportunities for the use of taxes as tools for the stimulating of investment development. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the expediency of studying tax instruments as means for the stimulating of investment development, identifying of active and effective mechanisms for the attracting of investment funds for the development of the Ukrainian economy, taking into account international experience. Research results. The article thematically dedicated to the use of tax instruments for maintain of competitive investment policies at the regional, sub-regional, national levels, improving the investment climate in the region. The instruments are integrated into the mechanism with help of general conceptual idea - the ensuring of favorable conditions for the conducting of economic activity through the use of preferential indirect instruments that do not create differentiation between territories and entities, however, contribute to the renewal of capital of the entities. The European model of tax incentives for activation of foreign investments in Ukraine and the Black Sea region is considered and the main factors that have caused insufficient functional significance of tax instruments to stimulate investment development and to provide capital intensification are determined. There are also considered the American model of tax regulation of foreign investment, as well as the Asian model of tax regulation of foreign investment. The mechanism of combination of regulatory instruments in a single set, include measures of tax preferential support, organizational, guarantee-oriented support of investment projects realization on the territory of the Ukrainian Black Sea region, ways to increase the level of local budgets' self-incomes, to introduce the possibility of the determining and applying rates of taxes by local authorities self-governance within the limits set by the Tax Code of Ukraine. Conclusions. Strategic directions for the stimulating of business activity at the national and regional levels are substantial, but for this purpose, appropriate institutional support is required, namely, the relevant changes to the articles of the Tax Code of Ukraine. The prospects for future research in the field of regulation of investment activities are related with the formation of an institutional environment for the implementation of the regulatory function of taxes, the justification of the investment-efficient structure of the tax system.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ATTRACTION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE BLACK SEA REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3(72)) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
I.A. PLIUSHCHYK ◽  
R.P. OHORODNYK
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Business Opportunities

Topicality. The importance of using new opportunities for economic development, sustainability and connectivity in the region and beyond is enhanced in terms of the growing strategic importance of the Black Sea region for the EU. Investments are the basis of socio-economic development of the region. Investments related to the deepest foundations of economic activity, they determine the process of economic growth in general. In modern conditions, they are the most important tool of ensuring the conditions for the overcoming the economic crisis, for structural changes in the countries, for the growth of technological progress, for the improvement of quality indicators of economic activity at micro and macro levels. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to identify the problems of economic development and the associated features of attracting foreign investment in the Black Sea region. Research results. The basic social and economic indicators of the Black Sea region - GDP (GDP), the index of human development, the population, the share of comparison is used to determine the structure and dynamics of incoming and outgoing flows volumes of direct foreign investments regional GDP in the world, are determined, the strategic importance is emphasized on the geopolitical map of the world of the Black Sea region, according the current political and economic challenges in Asian-European relations, dynamics and structure of incoming and outgoing investments of the countries of the region over the last nine years are defined. On this basis was concluded about the significant drop in investment activity in the region since 2014. A list of the main reasons for the decline in investment activity in the region is formed and relationship with the general indicators of economic development of the region is defined. The connection of problems of economic development and attraction of foreign investments to the countries of the Black Sea region is substantiated, which, unlike the existing approach, covers the participants of the whole region, and not a separate country. Approaches to the joint solution of investment problems of the countries of the Black Sea region are developed, which, unlike the existing ones, provide a synergistic effect and greater attractiveness for investors. Research results can be used by enterprises in attracting investment in cross-border projects, also can be used by intergovernmental groups to formulate strategies for joint provision of investment attractiveness of regional programs, can be used by participants in joint enterprises of the Black Sea region. Conclusion. The countries of the Black Sea region are heterogeneous in their economic indicators, thet are belonging to various economic and geopolitical associations. There are explicit leaders among the countries - Russia and Turkey, which have different geopolitical interests in the region and are not able to become a unifying factor in the region. For several years, the Black Sea region is not in the sight of international investors, and all Black Sea countries must work together to become investment attractive again. China's investment interests are identified in a region that does not hold back political commitments to any of the countries in the region. Business opportunities are the most powerful determinants of FDI.. But the particularities of the investment climate, such as strong institutions and regulatory instruments, are also important for developing countries and countries with economies in transition which looking for attraction of additional FDI. With a poor regional investment climate, foreign investors and their host economies may not be able to take full advantage of business opportunities created by market size and growth potential.

Evgeny Khvalkov, The Colonies of Genoa in the Black Sea Region: Evolution and Transformation. Routledge Research in Medieval Studies, 11. New York and London: Routledge, 2018, xiv, 443 pp., 10 fig., 7 tables.

Mediaevistik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 482-484
Author(s):  
Albrecht Classen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medieval Studies ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Region Evolution

Our current and very urgent goal is to transform Medieval Studies into Global Medieval Studies, a thorny, challenging, maybe also daunting task, but one that we cannot turn away if we want to progress in our field. In fact, it does not matter whether we want to go that route or not; if we want to understand the Middle Ages both holistically and in specifics, we must simply accept that many people (merchants, soldiers, diplomats, artists, craftsmen, preachers, rulers, scholars, etc.) traveled not only throughout Europe, but also far beyond those limits, and encountered in that way countless other people who arrived from other directions. One most promising area of investigation that has already been long recognized is the group of merchants traveling to the Mongol court, prime among them Marco Polo. But he, his brothers, and numerous other individuals were, after all, only exceptions, and the Chinese, for instance, did not demonstrate any real interest in the West, apart from the Arabic world. However, if we turn to the Black Sea, an entirely different situation emerges that proves to be highly promising for future research.

DEVELOPMENT OF INVESTMENT POTENTIAL OF THE REGIONAL AGRI-FOOD SECTOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
Nataliya BASIURKINA
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Food Market

The article discusses current trends, threats, problems and factors in the investment potential development of the agri-food sector of the Black Sea region of Ukraine, the formation of which will promote the achievement of the strategic goals of Ukraine by 2030. The aim of the study is to summarize the practical experience of attracting investments, implementing investment projects, creating a favorable investment climate in the agri-food sector and developing the investment potential of the agricultural sector of the Black Sea region in the conditions of Ukrainian economy transformation. Strategic directions for the investment potential development under the conditions of decentralization of the Ukrainian economy are substantiated to ensure sustainable development of the agri-food sector and food security of the Black Sea region of Ukraine. The practical experience of attracting investments, implementing investment projects, creating a favorable investment climate in the agri-food sector and developing the investment potential of the agri-food sector of the Black Sea region under the conditions of the Ukrainian economy transformation is summarized. One of the main anti-crises measures by which it is possible to solve the problems of the agri-food sector is the implementation of innovations. An innovative investment project for the production of meat, fodder flour and other products from the Black Sea clam Rapana Venosa, developed by the scientists of the Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies, is presented. The influence of the proposed project on the investment potential development of the Black Sea region of Ukraine is substantiated. Implementation of the innovative-investment project proposed by the authors will allow the region to develop the infrastructure of the agro-food market, reduce the agro-ecological imbalances, promote the efficient use of the region's bioresources, will not damage the ecology, will allow the government to cooperate with large agroholdings, small enterprises and households, attract investment and advanced technologies, allow the region to enter the international agro-food market, will lead to the rural areas development and improve the living standards of rural residents of the Black Sea region of Ukraine. The factors influence on the investment potential development of the region agro-food sector is substantiated. It is determined how the implementation of the innovation project proposed by the authors will contribute to solving problems of the investment potential development of the agro-food sector. Key words: agri-food sector, stable development, investment potential, Black Sea region of Ukraine, innovation and investment project, food and processing industry, fodder flour, Black Sea rapana.

scholarly journals PUBLIC AWARENESS OF EUROPEAN AND EURO-ATLANTIC INTEGRATION TO ATTRACT INVESTMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BLACK SEA REGION OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Kulakov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
International Experience ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Small And Medium Business

At the present stage of development in the economy of Ukraine there is the problem of attracting investment. Various countries of the European Union and other countries are ready to invest in the Ukrainian economy. Investments develop the economy of Ukraine, namely, support small and medium-sized businesses, introduce the latest technologies, improve public authorities and more. It is necessary to intensify foreign investment in the Black Sea (southern) Region. Based on statistics, the most stable increase in exports of goods is observed in the economy of Mykolaiv region, which indicates the development of projects and programs of European and Euro-Atlantic integration, but in Donetsk, Odessa and Kherson regions unstable increase in exports of goods, so it is necessary to increase projects and programs European and Euro-Atlantic integration to attract investment, as well as increase the implementation of international experience exchange programs for small and medium-sized businesses. Based on statistical data, the unstable increase in imports of goods was revealed, which does not show the significant negative impact on the economy of the Black Sea Region of Ukraine, but it is necessary to increase investment efficiency and implement investment projects. As the result of the analysis the growth of foreign direct investment in the economy of the Black Sea Region of Ukraine is investigated, which shows insufficiently effective development of the economy of the Black Sea Region of Ukraine, therefore it is necessary to increase the attraction of foreign investments in the economy, to support small and medium business in the economy and to introduce international experience exchange programs for small and medium business in the economy of the Black Sea Region of Ukraine, etc. It is considered that to increase the implementation of projects and programs of European and Euro-Atlantic integration to attract investment in the Black Sea Region of Ukraine it is necessary to perform the following actions: implement anti-corruption programs, realization training for civil servants of Ukraine, introduce international experience exchange programs, etc.

scholarly journals ESSENCE AND SIGNS OF INVESTMENT OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BLACK SEA REGION OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Kulakov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Definition Of

At this stage of development of Ukraine’s economy it is necessary to analyze the nature and characteristics of investment in the national economy. To increase the investment attractiveness of Ukraine requires systematization of investment characteristics. Due to the lack of investment, the classification of types of investments will help the economic development of Ukraine. There are also quite different definitions of investment, which is of great importance for the investment development of Ukraine. It is necessary to analyze and generalize scientific approaches to create a definition of “investment”. Intensification of foreign investment helps the development of industry, agro-industrial complex, education, science, social protection and more. It is extremely important to intensify foreign investment in the Black Sea (southern) Region, namely in Odessa, Mykolaiv, Kherson and Donetsk regions. After all, all these areas participate in the Black Sea Basin program. Therefore, the problems of the essence and features of investments of the national economy become relevant, the analysis of these problems will increase the investment attractiveness of Ukraine and its regions. The article analyzes the scientific approaches to defining the category of ‘investment” by different authors, as well as related concepts that are directly related to this category. The signs of investments are systematized. Based on the analysis and generalization of scientific approaches, the definition of the category “investment” is proposed. Based on the analysis of statistical data, the growth of foreign direct investment in the economy of the Black Sea Region of Ukraine was revealed. Taking into account the statistical data, it is investigated that there is almost no increase in the volume of foreign investment per unit of national currency (hryvnia) of the gross regional product (GRP) in the Black Sea Region of Ukraine. It is considered that the growth of foreign investment per capita is low in the Black Sea Region of Ukraine, which requires attracting new foreign investment in the Black Sea Region of Ukraine, support small and medium enterprises in the Black Sea Region of Ukraine.

Obsidian Exchange Networks in Prehistoric Anatolia: New Data from the Black Sea Region

Paléorient ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Bleda S. Düring ◽  
Bernard Gratuze
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
Black Sea Region

The referendum as an institution in the Black Sea Region: Does it signal the rise or collapse of democracy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Podolak
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Democratic Systems ◽  
Important State ◽  
Constitutional Changes

Views on the institution of direct democracy have changed during the period of democratic transition. The various advantages and positive effects of direct democracy have been confirmed by the practice of some democratic countries. Its educational and political activation value for society was also noted, without which civil society cannot form. The referendum is especially treated as the purest form of correlation between the views of society and the decisions of its representatives. In a situation where two representative bodies are present – the parliament and the president – a referendum is considered a means of resolving disputes between them in important state affairs. The referendum is nowadays becoming more than just a binding or consultative opinion on a legislative act, especially a constitution. First and foremost, it is important to see the extension of the type and scope of issues that are subject to direct voting. Apart from the traditional, i.e., constitutional changes, polarising issues that raise considerable emotion have become the subject of referenda. Problems of this type include, in particular, moral issues, membership in international organisations, and so-called ‘New Policy’. This article presents the role and importance of the referendum as an institution shaping the democratic systems of the Black Sea Region.

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