Study of the Duration and Efficacy of MYDAYIS on Adult ADHD Symptoms and Executive Function Throughout the Day Into the Early Evening

Abstract Objectives We evaluated the effects of the family mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) “MYmind” for children with ADHD and their parents, and examined child and parent predictors of child outcome. Methods Using a pragmatic quasi-experimental waitlist design, children aged 7–19 years (n = 167), clinically referred with a DSM-IV ADHD diagnosis, and both their parents completed waitlist (average waiting time was 8 weeks), pre-test, post-test, 8-week, and 1-year follow-up measurements. MYmind consisted of eight weekly 1.5-h mindfulness-based group sessions for children and parallel for parents, and a follow-up session. We assessed children’s and both parents’ ADHD symptoms and other psychopathology, child executive function, parental stress, parental overreactivity, and mindful parenting. Results Multilevel analyses revealed medium-to-large effect-sized reduced child ADHD symptoms between pre- and post-test, becoming stronger at follow-ups, while no waitlist effects occurred. Parents above the ADHD threshold improved on adult ADHD symptoms with similar sized effects. Children’s and parents’ other psychopathology, child executive function, parental overreactivity, and mindful parenting improved, whereas parental stress only improved at 1-year follow-up. Child age, child gender, ADHD medication, parental ADHD, and parent participation did not predict child outcome. Parent gender however interacted with parental ADHD to predict child outcome; children of fathers (but not mothers) above the ADHD threshold improved more than children of fathers below the ADHD threshold at post-test and at 8-week follow-up. Reduced paternal ADHD from pre- to post-test mediated this effect. Conclusions Family MBI (MYmind) may reduce childhood ADHD and improve parental functioning. Fathers with ADHD symptoms appear important in helping offspring with ADHD.

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Psychometrically Informed Approach to Integration of Multiple Informant Ratings in Adult ADHD in a Community-Recruited Sample

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191116646443 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 279-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Michelle M. Martel ◽

Joel T. Nigg ◽

Ulrich Schimmack

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

External Validation ◽

Multiple Informants ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Multiple Sources ◽

Self And Other ◽

Informant Ratings

Although Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth edition requires that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are apparent across settings, assessed by multiple informants, there remains no standardized approach to integration of multiple sources in adult ADHD diagnosis. The goal of the study was to evaluate informant effects on adult ADHD symptom ratings. Participants were 406 adults, ages 18 to 37, and identified second reporters, recruited from the community, and completing a comprehensive diagnostic and cognitive assessment, including a clinician-administered diagnostic interview and self- and other-report questionnaires of ADHD symptoms. Structural equation modeling indicated good fit for a trifactor model of ADHD, including general ADHD, specific inattention and hyperactivity–impulsivity, and self- and other-perspective factors. Yet there were a number of symptoms on the specific hyperactive–impulsive and self-factors that exhibited nonsignificant loadings. Significant differential item functioning across self-ratings and informant ratings was also noted. The external validation indices of laboratory executive function and diagnostic team-rated impairment was significantly correlated with the specific inattentive factor. While executive function was marginally significantly correlated with the other perspective factor, impairment was associated with the self-perspective factor. Overall, inattentive symptoms may be more sensitive measures of adult ADHD, and other and self-ratings may provide different information in relation to external criteria.

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The Relationship Between Executive Function Deficits and DSM-5-Defined ADHD Symptoms

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054718804347 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 41-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Michael J. Silverstein ◽

Stephen V. Faraone ◽

Terry L. Leon ◽

Joseph Biederman ◽

Thomas J. Spencer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Care Practice ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Adhd Treatment ◽

Two Samples ◽

The Relationship ◽

Executive Function Deficits

Objectives: To identify the relationship between the core Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) ADHD symptoms and executive function deficits (EFDs), to evaluate ADHD characteristics of those with executive dysfunction (ED), and to examine the predictive utility of the Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS) in identifying those with adult ADHD and ED. Method: Two samples (referred and primary care practice) were pooled together for present analysis. Results: Final analysis included 297 respondents, 171 with adult ADHD. Spearman correlation coefficients and binary logistic regressions demonstrated that ADHD inattentive (IA) and hyperactive-impulsive (H-I) symptoms were moderately to strongly correlated with and highly predictive of EFDs. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that an AISRS DSM 18-item score of ⩾ 28 was most predictive of clinical ED. Conclusion: ADHD symptoms were strongly correlated with and predictive of EFDs, clinicians should screen adults with ADHD for EFDs and ADHD treatment providers should track EFD improvement in addition to DSM-5 ADHD symptoms.

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Language Ability and Executive Function Characteristics of School-Aged Children with ADHD symptoms

JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION & REHABILITATION SCIENCE ◽

10.23944/isers.2016.09.55.4.20 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 379-391

Author(s):

Woon-Jung Min ◽

Wha-Soo Kim ◽

Kun-Yong Rhee

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Language Ability ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

School Aged Children

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The Role of Self- and Informant-Reports on Symptoms and Impairments in the Clinical Evaluation of Adult ADHD

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084564 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4564

Author(s):

Nana Guo ◽

Anselm B. M. Fuermaier ◽

Janneke Koerts ◽

Bernhard W. Mueller ◽

Christian Mette ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Evaluation ◽

Test Performance ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

Neuropsychological Testing ◽

Adhd Group ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Clinical Comparison

Little is known about which clinical features may aid the differentiation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other clinical conditions. This study seeks to determine the role of self- and informant reports on symptoms and impairments in the clinical evaluation of adult ADHD and explore their association with objective neuropsychological test performance by examining data of 169 outpatients referred for a diagnostic evaluation of adult ADHD. Participants were assigned either to an ADHD group (ADHD, n = 73) or one of two clinical comparison groups, depending on whether they show indications (Clinical Comparison Group, CCG, n = 53) or no indications (Clinical Comparison Group—Not Diagnosed, CCG-ND, n = 43) of psychiatric disorders other than ADHD. All participants and their informants completed a set of questionnaires. Compared to the CCG-ND, the ADHD group obtained significantly higher scores on ADHD symptoms, impulsivity, cognitive deficits, and anxiety. Compared to the CCG, the ADHD group scored significantly higher on ADHD symptoms but lower on depression. Further regression analyses revealed that self- and informant reports failed to predict neuropsychological test performance. Self- and informant reported information may be distinct features and do not correspond to results of objective neuropsychological testing.

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Adult ADHD, Executive Function, Depressive/Anxiety Symptoms, and Quality of Life: A serial two-mediator model

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.020 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhang Shi-Yu ◽

Qiu Sun-Wei ◽

Pan Mei-Rong ◽

Zhao Meng-Jie ◽

Zhao Rong-Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Executive Function ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Anxiety Symptoms

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The Feasibility, Effectiveness, and Process of Change of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Adults With ADHD: A Mixed-Method Pilot Study

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054717727350 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 928-942 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lotte Janssen ◽

Alicia M. de Vries ◽

Sevket Hepark ◽

Anne E. M. Speckens

Keyword(s):

Executive Functioning ◽

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Mixed Method ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Self Report ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Process Of Change ◽

Mindfulness Skills ◽

Self Compassion

Objective: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a promising psychosocial intervention for adult ADHD. The feasibility and effectiveness of an adapted MBCT program is explored, together with the possible process of change. Method: Mixed-method study with 31 ADHD patients participating in an adapted MBCT program. Self-report questionnaires on ADHD symptoms, executive functioning, mindfulness skills, self-compassion, patient functioning, and health status were administered before and after MBCT. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 patients. Results: A modest drop-out of n = 5 (16%) was found. MBCT resulted in a significant reduction of ADHD symptoms and improvements of executive functioning, self-compassion, and mental health. Qualitative analysis provided insight in facilitators and barriers participants experienced, and their process of change. Conclusion: The adapted MBCT program seemed to be feasible for adults with ADHD and preliminary evidence for the effectiveness is shown. An adequately powered Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) is needed to further examine the effectiveness of MBCT for ADHD.

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Genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between adult ADHD symptoms and self-reported problem drinking in 6024 Dutch twins

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291714000361 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (12) ◽

pp. 2673-2683 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

E. M. Derks ◽

J. M. Vink ◽

G. Willemsen ◽

W. van den Brink ◽

D. I. Boomsma

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Problem Drinking ◽

Environmental Influences ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Self Report ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Phenotypic Correlations ◽

Dutch Twins

BackgroundCross-sectional and longitudinal studies have shown a positive association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and problematic alcohol use in adults. To what extent this association is explained by genetic and environmental factors is largely unknown.MethodData on ADHD and alcohol consumption were collected by self-report in 6024 adult Dutch twins. ADHD symptoms were assessed by three subscales of the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales – Self-Report: Screening Version (CAARS–S:SV): inattentiveness, hyperactivity and the ADHD index (ADHD-I). Problem drinking was defined as at least two self-reported alcohol-related problems on the CAGE questionnaire. Structural equation modelling was applied to the bivariate twin data to estimate genetic and environmental influences.ResultsHeritability of ADHD symptoms ranged between 32% and 40% and heritability of problem drinking was 50%. The positive correlation between ADHD symptoms and problem drinking was confirmed in this general population sample, with phenotypic correlations between 0.20 and 0.28 and genetic correlations between 0.39 and 0.50. Phenotypic correlations are primarily (61–100%) explained by genetic influences with non-shared environmental influences explaining the remaining covariance. No significant quantitative or qualitative gender differences in covariance structure were found.ConclusionsThis study convincingly shows that ADHD symptoms and problem drinking are moderately but significantly correlated in adults and that genetic correlations are primarily underlying this association. This suggests that early interventions are required to prevent adolescents with ADHD from developing problematic levels of alcohol use. Furthermore, clinicians who treat alcohol-dependent patients should be aware that the patient may have a co-morbid condition of ADHD; integrated interventions are required.

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Maternal ADHD symptoms, child ADHD symptoms and broader child outcomes

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2017-313936 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 103 (9) ◽

pp. 841-846 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Daryl Efron ◽

Kirsten Furley ◽

Alisha Gulenc ◽

Emma Sciberras

Keyword(s):

Adhd Symptom ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Child Outcomes ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Maternal Report ◽

Child Adhd ◽

Maternal Adhd

ObjectiveThis study investigated the associations between maternal symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and child functional outcomes in a community-based sample of children with and without ADHD.Design and settingIn this cohort study, children with ADHD and healthy controls were recruited through schools in Melbourne, Australia, using a combined screening (Conners 3 ADHD Index) and case confirmation (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV) procedure.Patients117 children with ADHD and 149 control children were included in the analyses.Main outcome measuresMaternal ADHD symptoms (Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale) and child outcomes (ADHD severity, quality of life (QoL), academic competence, social-emotional functioning) were measured at a mean child age of 8.9 years.ResultsMothers of children with ADHD had clinically elevated ADHD symptoms compared with mothers of control children (adjusted analysis: 18.0% vs 2.0%, P<0.001). Elevated maternal ADHD symptoms were associated with greater child ADHD symptom severity and lower QoL by maternal report for children with (severity P=0.01; QoL P=0.003) and without (severity P=0.003; QoL P=0.003) ADHD. Elevated maternal ADHD symptoms were additionally associated with increased parent-rated emotional problems, peer problems and total impairment scores in children without ADHD (all P<0.01).ConclusionsMaternal ADHD symptoms are associated with increased ADHD symptom severity and reduced QoL by maternal report in offspring with or without ADHD, and have broader negative associations with emotional and social functioning in children without ADHD. In the evaluation of the referred children, maternal ADHD symptoms should be considered and referral made to adult services where indicated.

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