scholarly journals Family Mindfulness Training for Childhood ADHD: Short- and Long-Term Effects on Children, Fathers and Mothers

Mindfulness ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Bögels ◽  
Frans J. Oort ◽  
Eva Potharst ◽  
Ruud van Roosmalen ◽  
J. Mark G. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Mindful Parenting ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Child Outcome ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Parental Adhd ◽  
Post Test

Abstract Objectives We evaluated the effects of the family mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) “MYmind” for children with ADHD and their parents, and examined child and parent predictors of child outcome. Methods Using a pragmatic quasi-experimental waitlist design, children aged 7–19 years (n = 167), clinically referred with a DSM-IV ADHD diagnosis, and both their parents completed waitlist (average waiting time was 8 weeks), pre-test, post-test, 8-week, and 1-year follow-up measurements. MYmind consisted of eight weekly 1.5-h mindfulness-based group sessions for children and parallel for parents, and a follow-up session. We assessed children’s and both parents’ ADHD symptoms and other psychopathology, child executive function, parental stress, parental overreactivity, and mindful parenting. Results Multilevel analyses revealed medium-to-large effect-sized reduced child ADHD symptoms between pre- and post-test, becoming stronger at follow-ups, while no waitlist effects occurred. Parents above the ADHD threshold improved on adult ADHD symptoms with similar sized effects. Children’s and parents’ other psychopathology, child executive function, parental overreactivity, and mindful parenting improved, whereas parental stress only improved at 1-year follow-up. Child age, child gender, ADHD medication, parental ADHD, and parent participation did not predict child outcome. Parent gender however interacted with parental ADHD to predict child outcome; children of fathers (but not mothers) above the ADHD threshold improved more than children of fathers below the ADHD threshold at post-test and at 8-week follow-up. Reduced paternal ADHD from pre- to post-test mediated this effect. Conclusions Family MBI (MYmind) may reduce childhood ADHD and improve parental functioning. Fathers with ADHD symptoms appear important in helping offspring with ADHD.

scholarly journals An Online Mindful Parenting Training for Mothers Raising Toddlers: Assessment of Acceptability, Effectiveness, and Personal Goals

Mindfulness ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrthe G. B. M. Boekhorst ◽  
Lianne P. Hulsbosch ◽  
Ivan Nyklíček ◽  
Viola Spek ◽  
Anna Kastelein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mindful Parenting ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Personal Goals

Abstract Objectives Mindful parenting (MP) interventions show promising results, but they mostly target parents (of children) with mental health problems. This study examined an online MP intervention for mothers with toddlers in a population-based sample. Aims were to assess acceptability and effectiveness of the intervention for mothers with and without parental stress, and examine their predetermined personal goals. Methods The study included 157 mothers with toddlers from the general population of whom 73 reported parental stress. The mothers participated in an 8-week online MP training. Questionnaires were completed at waitlist, pretest, posttest, and follow-up. Results Mothers rated the training positively, although only 23.1% completed the training. Personal goals were analyzed qualitatively, establishing four different themes: attention, well-being, patience, and balance. Significant improvements in personal goals posttest and follow-up were found (large and very large effect size, respectively). We found no significant improvements from waitlist to pretest for all outcome variables, except personal goals (medium effect size). Mixed-linear model analyses showed significant improvements posttest and follow-up as compared to pretest regarding Self-compassion, Parental over-reactivity and Symptoms of anxiety and depression (small to medium effect sizes). There was an effect at posttest for Parenting problems, and for Parental role restriction at follow-up (small effect sizes). Levels of parental stress and theme of personal goal did not influence the effectiveness of the intervention. Conclusions The current study provides initial evidence that an online MP training could be an easily accessible, inexpensive, and valuable intervention for parents without an indication for a therapist-assisted intervention. Trial Registration Dutch Trial Register (NTR7401)

scholarly journals ADHD symptoms in the adult general population are associated with factors linked to ADHD in adult patients

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Li ◽  
Nina Roth Mota ◽  
Tessel E. Galesloot ◽  
Janita Bralten ◽  
Jan Buitelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Adhd

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adults. It is characterized by inappropriate levels of inattention (IA) and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity (HI). The ADHD diagnosis is hypothesized to represent the extreme of a continuous distribution of ADHD symptoms in the general population. In this study, we investigated whether factors linked to adult ADHD as a disorder are associated with adult ADHD symptoms in the general population. Our population-based sample included 4,987 adults (mean age 56.1 years; 53.8% female) recruited by the Nijmegen Biomedical Study (NBS). Participants completed the Dutch ADHD DSM-IV Rating Scale for current and childhood ADHD symptoms, the Symptom Check List-90-R (SCL-90-R) anxiety subscale, and the Eysenk Personality Questionnaire (EPQR-S). Partial Spearman correlation and Hurdle negative binomial regression analysis were used to assess how age, sex, childhood ADHD symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, and psychoticism) are associated with current IA and HI symptoms. Increasing age was associated with a lower proportion of participants reporting HI symptoms and with reduced levels of HI; IA levels remained fairly stable over the age-range, but the probability of reporting IA symptoms increased throughout middle/late adulthood. Females were more likely to report IA symptoms than males. Childhood ADHD symptoms, neuroticism, and psychoticism were positively associated with current IA and HI symptoms, while extraversion had an opposite association with these symptom domains. Anxiety symptoms affected HI symptoms in females. Our results indicate that factors associated with categorical ADHD are also correlated with ADHD symptoms in the adult population.

Current Mood Symptoms Do Not Affect the Accuracy of Retrospective Self-Ratings of Childhood ADHD Symptoms

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1039-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Grogan ◽  
Jessica Bramham
Keyword(s):  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Current Mood

Objective: Given that the diagnosis of adulthood ADHD depends on the retrospective self-report of childhood ADHD symptoms, this study aimed to establish whether current mood affects the accuracy of retrospective self-ratings of childhood ADHD. Method: Barkley’s Adult ADHD Rating Scale (BAARS) was used to assess the retrospective self- and parent-reports of childhood ADHD symptoms of 160 adults with ADHD and 92 adults without ADHD. Self-rated current mood was also measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Higher BAARS self-ratings correlated with higher HADS self-ratings. Strongest correlations were evident between hyperactive/impulsive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. There was no relationship between current mood and accuracy of self-report. Conclusion: Current mood does not affect the accuracy of retrospective self-ratings of ADHD. Future research should aim to provide new measures of anxiety in ADHD to avoid the double counting of hyperactive/impulsive and anxiety symptoms.

scholarly journals Contribution of vascular risk factors to the relationship between ADHD symptoms and cognition in adults and seniors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandy L. Callahan ◽  
André Plamondon ◽  
Sascha Gill ◽  
Zahinoor Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSymptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood have been found to be predictive of compromised cognitive function, and possibly even dementia, in later adulthood. This study aimed to test vascular risk as a hypothesized moderator or mediator of this association, because individuals with elevated ADHD symptoms frequently have comorbid vascular disease or risk factors which are recognized to contribute to later-life cognitive decline. Data from 1,092 adults aged 18–85 were drawn from the Enhanced Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample. Childhood ADHD symptoms (assessed using the Adult ADHD Clinical Diagnostic Scale) were assessed as predictors of cognitive functioning in adulthood (assessed using subtests from the University of Pennsylvania Computerized Neurocognitive Battery, the Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning System, and the Wechsler Memory Scale). Vascular risk factors (including diabetes, tobacco use, obesity, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia) were tested as both a moderator and mediator of this relationship. Childhood ADHD symptoms and vascular risk factors were both independently associated with later-life cognition, but vascular risk was not a significant moderator or mediator of relationships between ADHD symptoms and cognition in statistical models. Results from this large community sample suggest that the relationship between ADHD symptoms and cognition is not accounted for by vascular risk. This question should also be investigated in clinical samples.

scholarly journals Persistence and Subtype Stability of ADHD Among Substance Use Disorder Treatment Seekers

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1438-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharlene Kaye ◽  
Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga ◽  
Geurt van de Glind ◽  
Frances R. Levin ◽  
Stephen V. Faraone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
History Of ◽  
Treatment Seekers

Objective: To examine ADHD symptom persistence and subtype stability among substance use disorder (SUD) treatment seekers. Method: In all, 1,276 adult SUD treatment seekers were assessed for childhood and adult ADHD using Conners’ Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; CAADID). A total of 290 (22.7%) participants met CAADID criteria for childhood ADHD and comprise the current study sample. Results: Childhood ADHD persisted into adulthood in 72.8% ( n = 211) of cases. ADHD persistence was significantly associated with a family history of ADHD, and the presence of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. The combined subtype was the most stable into adulthood (78.6%) and this stability was significantly associated with conduct disorder and past treatment of ADHD. Conclusion: ADHD is highly prevalent and persistent among SUD treatment seekers and is associated with the more severe phenotype that is also less likely to remit. Routine screening and follow-up assessment for ADHD is indicated to enhance treatment management and outcomes.

scholarly journals Psychometrically Informed Approach to Integration of Multiple Informant Ratings in Adult ADHD in a Community-Recruited Sample

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Martel ◽  
Joel T. Nigg ◽  
Ulrich Schimmack
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Multiple Informants ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Informant Ratings

Although Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth edition requires that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are apparent across settings, assessed by multiple informants, there remains no standardized approach to integration of multiple sources in adult ADHD diagnosis. The goal of the study was to evaluate informant effects on adult ADHD symptom ratings. Participants were 406 adults, ages 18 to 37, and identified second reporters, recruited from the community, and completing a comprehensive diagnostic and cognitive assessment, including a clinician-administered diagnostic interview and self- and other-report questionnaires of ADHD symptoms. Structural equation modeling indicated good fit for a trifactor model of ADHD, including general ADHD, specific inattention and hyperactivity–impulsivity, and self- and other-perspective factors. Yet there were a number of symptoms on the specific hyperactive–impulsive and self-factors that exhibited nonsignificant loadings. Significant differential item functioning across self-ratings and informant ratings was also noted. The external validation indices of laboratory executive function and diagnostic team-rated impairment was significantly correlated with the specific inattentive factor. While executive function was marginally significantly correlated with the other perspective factor, impairment was associated with the self-perspective factor. Overall, inattentive symptoms may be more sensitive measures of adult ADHD, and other and self-ratings may provide different information in relation to external criteria.

Self-Rated ADHD Symptoms Among Biological Mothers or Fathers of Children with Confirmed ADHD in a French Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie Dentz ◽  
Lucia Romo ◽  
Eric Konofal ◽  
Véronique Parent
Keyword(s):  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
French Population ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Parenting Strategies ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Biological Mothers ◽  
Parental Adhd

Parents of children with ADHD are more likely to present the disorder, which can affect quality of life and parenting strategies. Few studies have examined parental ADHD to date, none in France. Prevalence of self-rated ADHD symptoms in adulthood and childhood was estimated among 60 biological mothers or fathers of children with confirmed ADHD in France. Cutoffs were total score ≥46 on the Wender Utah Rating Scale and ≥4 on the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener. Results indicated possible child and adult ADHD in 12.5% of mothers and 10.0% of fathers. As these percentages exceed reported prevalence rates for the French population, a greater effort must be made to diagnose the disorder in parents.

The Relationship Between Executive Function Deficits and DSM-5-Defined ADHD Symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Silverstein ◽  
Stephen V. Faraone ◽  
Terry L. Leon ◽  
Joseph Biederman ◽  
Thomas J. Spencer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Adhd Treatment ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Executive Function Deficits

Objectives: To identify the relationship between the core Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) ADHD symptoms and executive function deficits (EFDs), to evaluate ADHD characteristics of those with executive dysfunction (ED), and to examine the predictive utility of the Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS) in identifying those with adult ADHD and ED. Method: Two samples (referred and primary care practice) were pooled together for present analysis. Results: Final analysis included 297 respondents, 171 with adult ADHD. Spearman correlation coefficients and binary logistic regressions demonstrated that ADHD inattentive (IA) and hyperactive-impulsive (H-I) symptoms were moderately to strongly correlated with and highly predictive of EFDs. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that an AISRS DSM 18-item score of ⩾ 28 was most predictive of clinical ED. Conclusion: ADHD symptoms were strongly correlated with and predictive of EFDs, clinicians should screen adults with ADHD for EFDs and ADHD treatment providers should track EFD improvement in addition to DSM-5 ADHD symptoms.

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