Enrichment Of The Genetic Diversity Of Initial Material In Bread Spring Wheat Breeding By Attracting The Winter Wheat

Background. Winter wheat resistance to adverse wintering conditions is one of the most important adaptive characteristics. To obtain high yields, modern wheat cultivars should have various protective reactions. For their successful combination in one genotype, the availability of appropriate initial material is of great importance. In Russia, the accessions from the VIR collection are traditionally used as initial material for wheat breeding. The aims of the present study were (1) to evaluate winter hardiness in accessions from the VIR collection in a field test, and (2) to use the obtained data and those on the geographical origin of accessions for making up the target sub-collection and performing its eco-geographical studies.Materials and methods. The initial sample for field screening contained 431 accessions of common winter wheat from different regions of Russia and the former USSR, and 484 accessions from 18 foreign countries. Winter hardiness of these accessions was tested in the environmental conditions of the Northwestern region (Pushkin, 59°41′N 30°20′E, 2006/2007, 2007/2008 and 2013/2014) and of the Central Black Soil region (Yekaterinino, 52°59′N 40°50′E, Tambov Province, 2007/2008 and 2008/2009). The degree of winter hardiness was determined in accordance with the technique developed at VIR.Results and conclusions. In 2006/2007, in Pushkin, a high and a very high degree of winter hardiness was displayed by 114 accessions with the origin from Russia and the former USSR as well as by 12 accessions from foreign countries. Based on the obtained data and taking into account the diversity of the geographical origin of accessions, the target sub-collection was formed, whose accessions were subjected to eco-geographical two-year field studies (Pushkin, 59°41′N 30°20′E, 2007/2008, 2013/2014, and Yekaterinino, 52°59′N 40°50′N, Tambov Province, 2007/2008, 2008/2009). The Friedman’s variance analysis has shown that variation on winter hardiness in 158 accessions from the target sub-collection was determined by the environmental conditions of wheat cultivation (χ2э = 256.7; df = 4; χ2W=0.05 = 9.5) and by genetic differences between accessions (χ2э = 239.3; df = 157; χ2W=0.05 = 187.2) at that effect of the prior was stronger than that of the latter. By using the cluster analysis (k-means algorithm), the target sub-collection structure has been revealed. Twelve accessions that overwintered well at both geographical locations during all the years of testing were identified.

Download Full-text

Population structure of Nepali spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-020-02722-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kamal Khadka ◽

Davoud Torkamaneh ◽

Mina Kaviani ◽

Francois Belzile ◽

Manish N. Raizada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Population Structure ◽

Food Security ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Principal Component ◽

Genotyping By Sequencing ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Exotic Germplasm

Abstract Background Appropriate information about genetic diversity and population structure of germplasm improves the efficiency of plant breeding. The low productivity of Nepali bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major concern particularly since Nepal is ranked the 4th most vulnerable nation globally to climate change. The genetic diversity and population structure of Nepali spring wheat have not been reported. This study aims to improve the exploitation of more diverse and under-utilized genetic resources to contribute to current and future breeding efforts for global food security. Results We used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to characterize a panel of 318 spring wheat accessions from Nepal including 166 landraces, 115 CIMMYT advanced lines, and 34 Nepali released varieties. We identified 95 K high-quality SNPs. The greatest genetic diversity was observed among the landraces, followed by CIMMYT lines, and released varieties. Though we expected only 3 groupings corresponding to these 3 seed origins, the population structure revealed two large, distinct subpopulations along with two smaller and scattered subpopulations in between, with significant admixture. This result was confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA) and UPGMA distance-based clustering. The pattern of LD decay differed between subpopulations, ranging from 60 to 150 Kb. We discuss the possibility that germplasm explorations during the 1970s–1990s may have mistakenly collected exotic germplasm instead of local landraces and/or collected materials that had already cross-hybridized since exotic germplasm was introduced starting in the 1950s. Conclusion We suggest that only a subset of wheat “landraces” in Nepal are authentic which this study has identified. Targeting these authentic landraces may accelerate local breeding programs to improve the food security of this climate-vulnerable nation. Overall, this study provides a novel understanding of the genetic diversity of wheat in Nepal and this may contribute to global wheat breeding initiatives.

Download Full-text

The study of the ability to androgenesis in the winter soft wheat anthers

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2019-66-6-41-45 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 41-45

Author(s):

S. G. Golovko ◽

N. V. Kalinina ◽

A. A. Yatsyna ◽

N. N. Vozhzhova ◽

E. V. Ionova

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Nutrient Medium ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Practical Interest ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Current Paper ◽

Soft Wheat ◽

Maximum Percentage

The improvement of genetic diversity and acceleration of breeding process are the most important tasks in wheat breeding. In vitro biotechnological methods are of practical interest for breeding process. The current paper has considered the effects of genotypes and nutritious medium on the formation of regenerants. The purpose of the research was to study the ability to androgenesis in winter soft wheat anthers and to identify promising winter soft wheat genotypes. The estimation of the ability to androgenesis was carried out among ten winter wheat samples. 8711 anthers were planted on medium of N6 and PII induction; the 190-2 medium was used for regeneration. As a result of the study, it was found that the process of neoplasms occurrence depends both on the variant of the nutrient medium and on the chosen genotype. It has been proven that the most favorable medium for the cultivation of winter soft wheat anthers is medium N6. It was found that the maximum percentage of neoplasms (5.21%) from winter soft wheat anthers was recorded in the sample “595/13”. It was found that the samples “595/13” (9 plants) and “Niva Dona” (6 plants) developed by the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” showed the highest responsiveness to the formation of calluses and plants-regenerants. There were obtained 6 green regenerants and 3 albino forms from the pollen callus of the sample “595/13” and 4 green regenerants and 2 albino regenerants from the sample “Niva Dona”.

Download Full-text

Identification of spring wheat lines by the allelic state of Vrn genes for use in winter wheat breeding for carotenoid content

Agrobìologìâ ◽

10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-88-95 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 88-95

Author(s):

O. Leonov ◽

Ya. Sharypina ◽

Z. Usova ◽

K. Suvorova ◽

T. Sakhno

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Heterozygous State ◽

Dominant Allele ◽

Vrn Genes ◽

Wheat Lines

The aim of the research is allelic identifi cation of the genes Vrn A1, Vrn B1, Vrn B3, and Vrn D1 in 18 spring wheat samples and 3 lines obtained from winter-spring cross combinations with high carotenoid grain content for winter wheat breeding program. The content of carotenoid pigments in the grain ranged from 0.20 to 8.3 mg/100 g in the analyzed 143 samples of soft wheat. Samples of spring wheat were identifi ed for high content of carotenoids (more than 4.5 mg/100 g of flour): Volgouralskaya, Kinelskaya 61, Lutescens 540, Lutescens 598, Lutescens 575, Lutescens 516, Kinelskaya 2010, Omskaya 41. According to the studies, the presence of the Vrn-A1 allele established in 4 spring wheat samples (Sibiryachka 4, Frontana, Izolda, Dynastiya). The heterozygous state of the Vrn-A1 gene was determined for the Saratovskaya Zolotistaya variety. The presence of the allele Vrn-B1 was identifi ed in the samples Fora, Leningradka, Izolda, Saratovskaya Zolotistaya, Omskiy Tsirkon, Omskaya 41, Lutescens 540. For the samples Lutescens 516, L224-5 the heterozygous state of the locus Vrn-B1was determined. Analysis of the Vrn-B3 gene confi rmed the presence of the Vrn-B3 allele in all tested samples. Only variety Dynastiya carried a dominant allele. The Vrn-D1 gene was identifi ed in a recessive state in samples Fora, Sibiryachka 4, Novosibirskaya 22, Frontana, Leningradka, Kinelskaya 2010, Kinelskaya 61, Volgouralskaya, Omskaya 41, Lutescens 516, Lutescens 540, Lutescens 598, L224–5. In the variety Omskiy Tsircon gene Vrn-D1 was in a heterozygous state. The use of spring carriers of the trait – Samples Omskaya 41 and Lutescens 540, with one dominant gene Vrn-A1, and Lutescens 516, with the dominant allele of the gene Vrn-A1 and polymorphic in the Vrn B1 gene – were the most promising for the winter wheat breeding in the direction of increasing the carotenoids content in flour. Key words: bread wheat, variety, line, vernalization, carotenoids, genes Vrn A1, Vrn B1, Vrn B3, Vrn D1.

Download Full-text

Winter component in spring soft wheat breeding in the Central region

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2019-61-1-35-39 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 35-39

Author(s):

T. A. Barkovskaya ◽

O. V. Gladysheva

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

High Productivity ◽

Average Value ◽

Productivity Potential ◽

Winter Wheat Varieties

In the conditions of the Ryazan region the Institute of Seed-growing and Agrotechnologies (Branch of the Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Agro-Engineering Center VIM”) carried out a comprehensive estimation of winter, spring wheat and breeding material obtained on the basis of crossing with the winter component in 2011-2017. Over the years of research, the winter wheat varieties “Lgovskaya 4” (6.90 t/ha), “Viola” (6.82 t/ha), “Nemchinovskaya 24” (6.68 t/ha) and the spring wheat varieties “Dariya” (3.93 t/ha), “Krestiaynka” (3.84 t/ha), “Kollektivnaya 1” (3.60 t/ha) produced high yields. The winter wheat varieties “Volz-hskaya 15”, “Nemchinovskaya 24”, “Mironovskaya 29”, “Mironovskaya semi-intensive” were found to have the largest kernel weight per head (1.93-2.10 g). The best winter forms used in the hybridization of spring wheat allowed us to create a number of promising lines with high productivity potential and a complex of valuable traits. Over three years (2015-2017), in the control breeding nursery there were identified 4 spring wheat lines with high productivity, where the winter form was taken as one of the parental forms for hybridization. The highest average value of this indicator (5.91 and 5.15 t/ha) was established in the lines “(Priokskaya x Moskovskaya 39 (oz.))F10”, “(Moskovskaya 39 (oz.) x Fora)F10” respectively. The line “(Priokskaya x Moskovskaya 39 (oz.))F10” produced the maximum yield of 6.89 t/ha, the line “(Voronezhskaya 10 х Moskovskaya 39 (оз.))П0” produced the minimum yield of 4.18 t/ha. The lines “(Priokskaya x Moskovskaya 39 (oz.))F10” and “(Kollektivnaya 1 х Nemchinovskaya 24 (оз.))П0” possess good grain weight of 757 and 793 g/l respectively, high technological properties of grain, namely 32.8 and 27.0% of raw gluten in flour, the 1-st group IDK, 340 and 278 a. u. of flour power, falling number of 296 and 377 c, bread volume of 1113 and 1330 cm3.

Download Full-text

Genetic variation within and between winter wheat genotypes from Turkey, Kazakhstan, and Europe as determined by nucleotide-binding-site profiling

Genome ◽

10.1139/g11-008 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 419-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Muge Sayar-Turet ◽

Susanne Dreisigacker ◽

Hans-J. Braun ◽

Arne Hede ◽

Ruth MacCormack ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Binding Site ◽

Nucleotide Binding ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Nucleotide Binding Site ◽

R Genes ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Nbs Profiling

The genetic diversity within wheat breeding programs across Turkey and Kazakhstan was compared with a selection of European cultivars that represented the genetic diversity across eight European countries and six decades of wheat breeding. To focus the measure of genetic diversity on that relevant to disease-resistant phenotypes, nucleotide-binding-site (NBS) profiling was used to detect polymorphisms associated with the NBS motifs found within the NBS – leucine-rich repeat (LRR) class of resistance (R) genes. Cereal-specific NBS primers, designed specifically to the conserved NBS motifs found within cereal R-genes, provided distinct NBS profiles. Although the genetic diversity associated with NBS motifs was only slightly higher within the Eastern wheat genotypes, the NBS profiles produced by Eastern and European wheat lines differed considerably. Structure analysis divided the wheat genotypes into four groups, which compared well with the origin of the wheat genotypes. The highest levels of genetic diversity were seen for the wheat genotypes from the Genetic Resource Collection held in Ankara, Turkey, as wheat genotypes within breeding programs were genetically more similar. The wheat genotypes from Kazakhstan were the most similar to the European cultivars, reflecting the significant number of eastern European cultivars used in the breeding program in Kazakhstan. In general, the NBS profiles suggested that NBS–LRR R-gene usage in winter wheat breeding in Turkey and Kazakhstan differed from that deployed in European cultivars.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Synthetic Wheat Assemblage (T. turgidum^|^times;Aegilops tauschii; 2n=6x=42; AABBDD) for Winter Wheat Breeding

CYTOLOGIA ◽

10.1508/cytologia.79.485 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 485-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Uzma Hanif ◽

Awais Rasheed ◽

Alvina Gul Kazi ◽

Fakiha Afzal ◽

Maria Khalid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Aegilops Tauschii ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Synthetic Wheat

Download Full-text

Chaff Feed Quality of Winter Wheat, Spring Wheat, Barley, and Oat Cultivars 1

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1985.00021962007700020021x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 269-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Larry M. White ◽

Jerald W. Bergman

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Feed Quality ◽

Oat Cultivars

Download Full-text

Winter Wheat Adaptation to Climate Change in Turkey

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040689 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 689

Author(s):

Yuksel Kaya

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Plant Characteristics

Climate change scenarios reveal that Turkey’s wheat production area is under the combined effects of heat and drought stresses. The adverse effects of climate change have just begun to be experienced in Turkey’s spring and the winter wheat zones. However, climate change is likely to affect the winter wheat zone more severely. Fortunately, there is a fast, repeatable, reliable and relatively affordable way to predict climate change effects on winter wheat (e.g., testing winter wheat in the spring wheat zone). For this purpose, 36 wheat genotypes in total, consisting of 14 spring and 22 winter types, were tested under the field conditions of the Southeastern Anatolia Region, a representative of the spring wheat zone of Turkey, during the two cropping seasons (2017–2018 and 2019–2020). Simultaneous heat (>30 °C) and drought (<40 mm) stresses occurring in May and June during both growing seasons caused drastic losses in winter wheat grain yield and its components. Declines in plant characteristics of winter wheat genotypes, compared to those of spring wheat genotypes using as a control treatment, were determined as follows: 46.3% in grain yield, 23.7% in harvest index, 30.5% in grains per spike and 19.4% in thousand kernel weight, whereas an increase of 282.2% in spike sterility occurred. On the other hand, no substantial changes were observed in plant height (10 cm longer than that of spring wheat) and on days to heading (25 days more than that of spring wheat) of winter wheat genotypes. In general, taller winter wheat genotypes tended to lodge. Meanwhile, it became impossible to avoid the combined effects of heat and drought stresses during anthesis and grain filling periods because the time to heading of winter wheat genotypes could not be shortened significantly. In conclusion, our research findings showed that many winter wheat genotypes would not successfully adapt to climate change. It was determined that specific plant characteristics such as vernalization requirement, photoperiod sensitivity, long phenological duration (lack of earliness per se) and vulnerability to diseases prevailing in the spring wheat zone, made winter wheat difficult to adapt to climate change. The most important strategic step that can be taken to overcome these challenges is that Turkey’s wheat breeding program objectives should be harmonized with the climate change scenarios.

Download Full-text