scholarly journals Throughput Analysis on LTE Network for Multicast D2D System

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Fardiansyah Adami
Keyword(s):  
D2d Communication ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Channel Quality Indicator ◽  
Channel Quality ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Transmission Quality ◽  
Network Communications ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Selection Of

One of the features applied to fifth generation (5G) technology is Device-to-Device (D2D) communication. The D2D communication can occur directly without going through evolved Node B (eNB). Therefore, that it can reduce traffic density on cellular network communications. However, the application of D2D communication has constrained by the limited transmission distance and multi-user service at the same source. Modelling and simulating the LTE D2D multicast network using software is an effectively and efficiently ways for analyzing mac throughput. The testing of network aims to observe and to analyze the mac throughput using two parameters, the transmission distance and the number of users, based on the utilization of the Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) index. The number of user is 20 and distance is 25 meters then mac throughput in index CQI 13 greater than CQI 4 and CQI 7 is 2150.14 Kbps. But the number of user is 20 and distance is 150 meters then CQI 13 smaller than CQI 4 and CQI 7 is 271.22 Kbps. The result of simulation shows that both distance and the number of user have influence mac throughput. The selection of CQI index is the most important factor to maintain the transmission quality and mac throughput.

scholarly journals Leveraging Machine-Learning for D2D Communications in 5G/Beyond 5G Networks

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Sherief Hashima ◽  
Basem M. ElHalawany ◽  
Kohei Hatano ◽  
Kaishun Wu ◽  
Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
D2d Communication ◽  
Neighbor Discovery ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Network Overhead

Device-to-device (D2D) communication is a promising paradigm for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) networks. Although D2D communication provides several benefits, including limited interference, energy efficiency, reduced delay, and network overhead, it faces a lot of technical challenges such as network architecture, and neighbor discovery, etc. The complexity of configuring D2D links and managing their interference, especially when using millimeter-wave (mmWave), inspire researchers to leverage different machine-learning (ML) techniques to address these problems towards boosting the performance of D2D networks. In this paper, a comprehensive survey about recent research activities on D2D networks will be explored with putting more emphasis on utilizing mmWave and ML methods. After exploring existing D2D research directions accompanied with their existing conventional solutions, we will show how different ML techniques can be applied to enhance the D2D networks performance over using conventional ways. Then, still open research directions in ML applications on D2D networks will be investigated including their essential needs. A case study of applying multi-armed bandit (MAB) as an efficient online ML tool to enhance the performance of neighbor discovery and selection (NDS) in mmWave D2D networks will be presented. This case study will put emphasis on the high potency of using ML solutions over using the conventional non-ML based methods for highly improving the average throughput performance of mmWave NDS.

Closed-Form Synthesis of Force-Generating Planar Four-Bar Linkages

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Randall Soper ◽  
Michael Scardina ◽  
Paul Tidwell ◽  
Charles Reinholtz ◽  
Michael A. Lo Presti
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Function Generator ◽  
Mechanical Advantage ◽  
Nonlinear Mechanical ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Weight Force

Abstract This paper presents a technique for synthesizing four-bar linkages to produce a specified resisting force or torque. The resisting energy is provided by a weight acting on the other grounded link. The linkage serves as a nonlinear mechanical advantage function generator. Force and velocity synthesis methods have been extensively discussed in the literature. The general approach, however, has been to assume that the specified force or velocity occurs at a prescribed position. This results in the loss of design parameters that are being used unnecessarily to control position. In this application, force input to the linkage is specified as a function of only the input link position and the magnitude and direction of the weight force. Mechanical advantage synthesis can be achieved at as many as seven precision points. The method presented in this paper allows free selection of two parameters and viewing one infinity of solutions.

Development of a new empirical method for Tunnel Squeezing Classification (TSC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Farhadian ◽  
Arash Nikvar-Hassani
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Geological Hazard ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Classification Tool ◽  
Selection Of

The characterization of squeezing phenomena as a geological hazard is of great importance because squeezing has a crucial role in the selection of the route and type of tunnels and in the characteristics of the excavation device. Tunnel squeezing is also the basis for the designation and construction of tunnelling-related structures. We present a new tunnel squeezing classification tool to predict tunnel squeezing based on two parameters: Q, the tunnelling quality index; and H, the depth of the tunnel. We used data collected from published papers to train the model; these data included 225 case histories from different countries, including Andorra, India, Iran, Japan, Nepal, Spain, Turkey and Venezuela. Validation of the model indicated that our tunnel squeezing classification tool is more accurate than the speculative and analytical methods currently in use. The proposed model will help tunnelling experts to classify tunnelling media from the point of view of squeezing hazards.

scholarly journals Multilevel Service-Provisioning-Based Autonomous Vehicle Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashael Khayyat ◽  
Abdullah Alshahrani ◽  
Soltan Alharbi ◽  
Ibrahim Elgendy ◽  
Alexander Paramonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Access Network ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Vehicle Networks

With the recent advances and development of autonomous control systems of cars, the design and development of reliable infrastructure and communication networks become a necessity. The recent release of the fifth-generation cellular system (5G) promises to provide a step towards reliability or a panacea. However, designing autonomous vehicle networks has more requirements due to the high mobility and traffic density of such networks and the latency and reliability requirements of applications run over such networks. To this end, we proposed a multilevel cloud system for autonomous vehicles which was built over the Tactile Internet. In addition, base stations at the edge of the radio-access network (RAN) with different technologies of antennas are used in our system. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed system with multilevel clouding can significantly reduce the round-trip latency and the network congestion. In addition, our system can be adapted in the mobility scenario.

Cyclic Loading Histories for Seismic Experimentation on Structural Components

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Krawinkler
Keyword(s):  
Inelastic Deformation ◽  
Cyclic Load ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Frequency Content ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Seismic Demands ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Selection Of

In order to utilize results obtained from quasi-static cyclic load tests on structural components for a general performance evaluation, the need exists to establish loading histories that capture critical issues of component capacity as well as seismic demands. In inelastic seismic problems capacity and demands cannot be separated since one may strongly depend on the other. Because of cumulative damage issues the capacity depends on the number of inelastic excursions and the magnitude of each excursion (not just the largest one). These two parameters depend on the frequency content of the ground motion, the period(s) of the structure, and the strength and inelastic deformation characteristics of the structure. The paper presents procedures how these characteristics can be considered in the selection of suitable loading histories.

On-Line Seam Detection in Rolling Processes Using Snake Projection and Discrete Wavelet Transform

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 926-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Jianjun Shi ◽  
Tzyy-Shuh Chang
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Discrete Wavelet Transform ◽  
Projection Method ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
On Line ◽  
Feature Preserving ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
T2 Control Chart ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Selection Of

This paper describes the development of an on-line quality inspection algorithm for detecting the surface defect “seam” generated in rolling processes. A feature-preserving “snake-projection” method is proposed for dimension reduction by converting the suspicious seam-containing images to one-dimensional sequences. Discrete wavelet transform is then performed on the sequences for feature extraction. Finally, a T2 control chart is established based on the extracted features to distinguish real seams from false positives. The snake-projection method has two parameters that impact the effectiveness of the algorithm. Thus, selection of the parameters is discussed. Implementation of the proposed algorithm shows that it satisfies the speed and accuracy requirements for on-line seam detection.

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