scholarly journals Wellbeing of Lower Income Group University Students During Covid19 Pandemics: Multi-Group Analysis of Male-Female and Urban-Rural Origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Naffisah Mohd Hassan ◽  
Erne Suzila Kassim ◽  
Noorain Mohamad Yunus ◽  
Syukrina Alini Mat Ali
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Significant Difference

This research was conducted during the COVID 19 pandemic to determine if there is a significant difference in the wellbeing of the lower-income group university students between (1) males and females and (2) urban and rural origin. A quantitative non-experimental comparative study was adopted, and data was collected via an online survey using a convenience sampling technique. A standardized World Health Organization-QOL BREF questionnaire containing 26 items was used for assessing the QOL of the subjects. Partial Least Square – structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and multigroup analysis (MGA) was utilized to perform the analysis. The respondents comprised of 305 students, 112 from the urban and 193 rural areas. The results suggest there are significant differences between male and female students for physical and psychological health domain. However, the findings did not support for any differences between urban and rural origin towards the four domains of quality of life. The findings help to understand the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on health and wellbeing of university’s students which is aligned with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 to promote sustainable health to all. Assessing the university students’ health and wellbeing during the pandemic is important for assisting policymakers and higher education institutions to work on strategies and action plans for inclusive health care supports to students as the future leaders.

scholarly journals Greater Stress Level Fluctuation in Lower Income Earners since onset of Coronavirus Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Stress Level ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
P Value ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Natural disasters, mental illnesses, injuries, and crime are all known factors that lead to stress (Casarella 2020). People were in various levels of confinement due to Coronavirus all over the world, leading to job loss and inability to finance basic living expenses. This study evaluated the relationship between stress and income by surveying different socioeconomic groups. All the participants took anonymous PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) and SRRS (Social Readjustment Rating Scale) test that included questions about race, age range, income range, and the number of times they think about Coronavirus each day. Dr.Cohen's 2009 PSS score samples of the American population were used as a baseline measurement for the pre-Coronavirus stress score levels. The stress level fluctuation was calculated by subtracting participants' survey scores from Cohen's scores to determine the overall stress level change. A p-value of 0.00000001196 for the lower-income group (<$30k/yr) and a p-value of 0.01214 for the higher income group (>$91k/yr) was obtained using the independent-t-test. These p-values supported the alternative hypothesis proposed in this study that there is a more significant change in the stress levels spanning the onset and duration of the Coronavirus pandemic in members of a lower socioeconomic bracket (<$30,000/yr) than of people in a higher income bracket (>$91,000/yr). The results revealed that the PSS score of the 65 years and older group had increased the most and no significant difference in stress scores between racial groups. Additionally, people who think about Coronavirus more frequently have higher PSS scores.

scholarly journals Financial Resources and Biomarkers of Aging in the National Health and Aging Trends Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 589-589
Author(s):  
Laura Samuel ◽  
Laken Roberts ◽  
Danielle Boyce ◽  
Melissa Hladek ◽  
Sarah LaFave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Biomarkers Of Aging

Abstract Lower income and financial strain (i.e. difficulty making ends meet) are associated with worse aging biomarkers, but evidence among nationally representative samples is limited. This cross-sectional study tested whether income to poverty ratio (analyzed separately for those &lt;500% vs. ≥500% poverty threshold) and financial strain are associated with biomarkers of aging among NHATS participants aged ≥65 years (n=4,648), adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, gender, smoking, BMI, and diabetes diagnosis for hemoglobin A1c. Sampling weights were applied. Among those with incomes &lt;500% poverty, higher income was associated with lower hemoglobin A1c (b= -0.0196, p=0.007), CMV (b= -0.0689, p&lt;0.001) and CRP (b= -0.0428, p=0.012). Among those with incomes ≥500%, higher income was associated with lower IL-6 (b= -0.0001, p=0.023) and lower CMV (b= -0.0001, p&lt;0.001). Financial strain was not associated with biomarkers. Income is more strongly associated with biomarkers among the lower income group, calling for special attention to this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on the Quality of Life of Health Care Workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadeel Shanshal ◽  
Harith Kh. Al-Qazaz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the entire world and one of its impacts was the increased level of stress and anxiety, especially among healthcare workers. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the quality of life (QoL) and sleep quality of healthcare professionals in Iraq.Methods: This study assessed the QoL and sleep quality by using World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) respectively. The questionnaires were administered through an online cross-sectional survey targeted at workers in medical fields in Iraq from 1st to 20th of August 2021. Results: Three hundred medical health workers participated, and females constituted 75.3%. The two questionnaires had very good internal consistency. The highest scoring domain was the social relationships, followed by physical health. Significant difference was found in the mean scores of psychological health domain between males and females, with higher scores observed in males. The mean of the total ISI score was 11.58 ± 6.88 with a range between 0 and 27. Severe insomnia was observed in only 9.7% of the participants. A significant negative correlation (r = -0.118) was found between age and ISI scores of the participants. Significant differences were found between males and females with higher ISI mean score observed among males. Conclusion: The quality of life and sleep pattern can be impacted by COVID-19 infection with the psychological aspect of QoL being the most affected and some degrees of insomnia being observed in many participants.

scholarly journals Development of VBA Program for Affordable Premium and Coverage for Lower Income Group in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noraini Manan ◽  
Nurhasniza Idham Abu Hasan ◽  
Nur Faezah Jamal ◽  
Nurhasnira Abu Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Income Group ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Lower Income Group

scholarly journals Cross Border Shopping from the Perspective of Domestic Tourists in Padang Besar, Perlis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Azila Azmi ◽  
Nurdin Ibrahim ◽  
Aida Khalida Mohamed Idris ◽  
Zamri Ahmad ◽  
Norfezah Md Nor
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Shopping Area ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Border Town ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Padang Besar is a border town in Malaysia and it is located in the northern part of Perlis, which shares a border with the province of Songkhla, Thailand. This border town is popular for shopping activities among Malaysian and Thai. Most visitors and tourists come during the weekends, sometimes up to thousands at one time. This research paper examines the motivations of cross border shoppers from the perspective of domestic tourists in Padang Besar, Perlis. The objective is to identify the consumer characteristics and analyze the relationship between market characteristics with cross border shopping. This study employs quantitative method and the data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Statistical software was used to analyze the 375 returned questionnaires. The findings revealed that most of the domestic tourists came from the lower income group and most of them were day tripper. They tend to spend more on food and beverages, while their average spending is more than RM300. Moreover, market characteristics show strong positive relationship towards this shopping activity. The information gathered is beneficial for both neighbouring countries as the government can help to improve the shopping area by facilitating the development with related tourism infrastructure and amenities.

scholarly journals 511Effects of educational activities prior to school entry are more important for socioeconomically disadvantaged children

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Gialamas ◽  
Dandara Haag ◽  
Murthy Mittinty ◽  
John Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Entry ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Effect Measure Modification

Abstract Background We examined whether time in educational activities at 2-3 years and language ability at school entry differed among children from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Methods Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (n = 4253). Educational activities were collected using time-use diaries. Household income was measured using parent self-report. Language ability was assessed using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Marginal structural models with inverse probability of treatment weights were used to assess modification of the effect of time spent in educational activities on language ability by income. Results Children exposed to both &lt;30 minutes/day in educational activities and being in a low-income household were at greater risk of poorer outcomes than the simple sum of their independent effects. Compared with children who spent ≥30 minutes/day in educational activities and from higher-income households, children who experienced &lt;30 minutes/day from low-income households had a 2.30 (95% CI: 1.88, 2.80) higher risk of having lower language ability. The Relative Excess Risk Due to Interaction of 0.15 (95% CI:-0.15, 0.67) was greater than zero indicating a super-additive effect measure modification by income. Conclusions Our results suggest that boosting time in educational activities to 30 minutes/day would benefit the lower-income group relatively more than the higher-income group. Key messages If there was an intervention of sufficient dose to increase the amount of time spent in educational activities to 30 minutes/day for children in the lower-income group, the risk of children having lower language ability at school entry could be reduced by 45%.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of an Online CBT-I Intervention and a Face-to-Face Treatment for Shift Work Sleep Disorder: A Comparison of Sleep Diary Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Peter ◽  
Richard Reindl ◽  
Sigrid Zauter ◽  
Thomas Hillemacher ◽  
Kneginja Richter
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

In western societies, about one in six employees works in shifts. Shiftwork is associated with a number of poor somatic and psychological health outcomes, especially sleep issues. Higher rates of absenteeism and accidents in the workplace are possible consequences. Still, prevention programs and treatment options that are specifically tailored to shift-workers’ needs are rare. We devised a 4-week online cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) intervention (n = 21) and compared sleep outcomes to a face-to-face outpatient treatment for shift-workers (n = 12) using a sleep diary and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). In the online sample, measures also included the World Health Organization wellbeing questionnaire (WHO-5) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). In the outpatient sample, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were administered. Results showed significant improvements in sleep efficiency by 7.2% in the online sample and 7.7% in the outpatient sample. However, no significant difference was found in the rate of improvement in sleep efficiency across four weeks of treatment between the samples. In the online sample, the wellbeing (WHO-5) and insomnia symptoms (ISI) scores were significantly improved following the CBT-I intervention (p < 0.004 and p < 0.002 respectively). In the outpatient sample, symptoms of depression (BDI-II and MADRS scores) and insomnia symptoms (PSQI scores) improved significantly following the CBT-I intervention. In summary, CBT-I significantly improved sleep efficiency in both the online and outpatient samples, in addition to wellbeing, symptoms of insomnia, and depression. The findings of this study demonstrate online CBT-I as a feasible approach for treating insomnia in shift-workers. Future randomized controlled trials are needed.

scholarly journals Prospective study of colposcopic screening of unhealthy cervix

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1467
Author(s):  
Pushpa Kannoujiya ◽  
Arpita Shrivastava ◽  
Tariq Ahmed Mala
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
High Incidence

Background: The study was conducted to screen women who have abnormal vaginal discharge with Pap smear to do histopathological analysis of colposcopically directed biopsies.Methods: A prospective analytical study carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology. The patients were randomly selected who fulfilled the selection criteria and was carried out to study the correlation of Pap smear and colposcopy in women with unhealthy cervix.   Results: Among all patients 13% were between 20-29 years, 38% were between 30- 39%, 31% belonging to 40-49 years group and 18% was between 50-59%.  Among 100 Women studied, 33% were illiterates, 55% had primary/high school education and 12% had Higher education Majority of the patients (68.7%) of CIN occurred in the age group of 30-49years, 41.7% with CIN were paragrvida 2, 43.8% with CIN were paragravida 3 and 18.6% were greater than paragravida 4 showing high incidence of CIN in multiparity.The incidence of CIN was found to be high among the lower income group 87.5%.The major presenting complains in the study patients were white discharge per vagina.Conclusions: Colposcopy was found to be useful in understanding the morphology of the cervical lesion, both of the neoplastic and nonneoplastic ones and was very helpful in planning their management. Cytology is an accepted method for screening for cervical cancer and the value of colposcopy has been recognized. Hence it may be better to utilize cervical cytology smear with colposcopy should be offered as a diagnostic method in all patients with unhealthy cervix.

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