scholarly journals INTRA-LINEAR SELECTION AND CROSS-LINE SELECTION WHEN CREATING HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE DAIRY CATTLE HERDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
N.L. Ignatieva ◽  
◽  
I.V. Voronova ◽  
E.Yu. Nemtseva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Linear Selection ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Line Selection ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cattle Herds

The aim of the research was to evaluate the compatibility of lines and improve on this basis the traditional selection methods for creating breeding herds in dairy cattle breeding. The results of the analysis showed that the best milk yield among the other lines were the first-born heifers (n=39) of the Holstein line Vis Back Idial (6441 kg of milk). The analysis of the results of the intra-linear selection showed that the best milk yield was also distinguished by the first-born heifers of the Vis Back Idial line – 6721 kg of milk. Analyzing the cross-line of the Vis Back Idial with other lines of the Holstein breed (MCH, RS, and PG), it should be noted that they are superior to their first-calf peers by 253-530 kg of milk. The first-calf cows, derived from the cross of the Montwick Miftaine line and the Reflection Sovering and Pabst Governer lines, also have some superiority over their peers. Thus, when improving breeding herds of dairy cattle, it is necessary to use both intra-linear selection and cross-lines, taking into account their compatibility.

The state of dairy cattle breeding in the Kurgan region

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
T. L. Leshchuk ◽  
G. E. Uskov ◽  
A. V. Tsopanova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
The State ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Pedigree Breeding

The purpose of the work was to analyze the state of dairy cattle breeding in the Kurgan region. In the region measures are systematically taken to improve the efficiency of the organization of selection and breeding work, improve reproduction traits, introduce advanced feeding methods, and organize artificial insemination of farm animals. Breeding work with dairy cattle in the region is aimed at creating animals that combine the adaptive properties and valuable features of Black-and-White cattle of the Trans-Urals with high productivity and suitability for intensive technology. It has been established that the average milk yield for 305 days of lactation for the controlled livestock in the region in 2019 was 6558 kg of milk. This was less than in the previous year by 0,73 % or 48 kg. According to the results of 2019 the average milk yield of cows in stud farms was 8098 kg, which was by 6,6 % less than in 2018. Pedigree breeding units worked more successfully where the average milk yield of cows increased by 1,54 % and amounted to 6777 kg. The productivity of cows in stud farms was by 19,5 % higher than in pedigree breeding units. Average age of cow culling in all categories of farms in the region in 2019 amounted to 3,4 calving, which was at the level of previous years. This indicator was slightly higher for pedigree breeding units in 2019, it was 3,9 calving. The main reason for the culling of animals is gynecological diseases for this reason 22,56 % of the cows in the farms in the region were culled, and in pedigree breeding units 30,34 % of cows. Recently, the main focus in the Kurgan region is on obtaining animals with a high proportion of genes for Holstein breed.

scholarly journals Combining of dairy cattle and sheep breeding ‒ perspective or last choice?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 838-844
Author(s):  
I.V. Goncharenko ◽  
D.T. Vinnichuk ◽  
N.V. Bogdanova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

<p><span lang="EN-US">The data presented gives ground for the expediency of the accelerated development of milk and meat sheep breeding in Ukraine, which is economically effectively combined with a dairy cattle breeding with an expanded reproduction of Holstein cattle, which milk quality does not yet fully meet the modern requirements. <span>The materials of in-house study on the quality of milk of H<span>olstein</span><span> cows breed </span>are summarized, the data of the physicochemical composition of sheep milk are given. The experience of studying the dairy productivity of sheep shows that this type of product is of significant importance in the overall balance of gross income of sheep breeding. Comparing a milk yield of a sheep with a milk yield of a dairy cow, not by the gross quantity of milk, but by its equivalents of chemical composition, we have: milk yields of 1 cow are equivalent to the yield of 4-6 sheep. The issues of sheep milk productivity with the purpose of production of sheep's milk and its processing should be reconsidered for obtaining valuable nutritious products - hard cheeses which have an export significance. </span>It is theoretically possible to combine and accelerate the development of cattle and sheep breeding with the formation of specialized dairy stock farming.</span></p>

scholarly journals USING A MARKER-BASED SELECTION IN BREEDING OF DAIRY CATTLE OF DIFFERENT BREEDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
E.E. Egorashina ◽  
◽  
R.V. Tamarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Ayrshire Breed ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Beta Lactoglobulin

Dependence on imports of main food products remains unchanged in the Russian Federation. Government programms set goals to increase quantity as well as quality of manufactured products. It is possible due to the introduction of a DNA technology into dairy cattle breeding. Reliable genetic markers of a cow protein milk ability are kappa casein and beta-lactoglobulin. We have studied milk proteinpolymorphism, genotype combinations in interconnection with milk ability and breed for the Ayrshire, Holstein and Holstein-Yaroslavl cross breed cows. It was found that in the same conditions and with the balanced feeding differences in milk yield and quantity of fat in milk among breeds are statistically unreliable while in milk protein quantity the difference is highly reliable D ≥ 0,999. There is high occurrence frequency of A kappa casein allele (0,74– 0,93) and low of kappa casein allele B (0,07–0,12), especially in case of the Ayrshire breed. B-allele of beta-lactoglobulin in the genotype of all cows is seen with the frequency of 0,58–0,70, A-allele is average (0,30–0,42). In order to increase the protein milk ability of the cows farms are to use more Ballele kappa-casein servicing bulls. Target breeding according to this characteristic as well as milk yield is also recommended.

BEST BREEDING MATERIAL OF AYRSHIRE BREED IN THE VOLOGDA REGION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Vologda Region ◽  
Ayrshire Breed ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Line Breeding ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
National Selection ◽  
Selection Of

The research was carried out to determine the best breeding material of Ayrshire breed in the Vologda region on the basis of breeding study and productive characteristics of record cows. The novelty of the research is to assess the breeding material of highly productive sires, taking into account the selection of animals (domestic, foreign). The work was carried out on the basis of database on breeding cows of Ayrshire breed in the Vologda region in the amount of 1638 heads. Outstanding scientists Nikitina M. A., Matyukov V. S. believe that record cows play a significant role in the improvement of dairy cattle herds. According to the number of highly productive daughters the best bulls of the national selection were identified, namely Athlete 1592, Master 1020, Centaur 522, Oasis 1530. Also there were bulls offoreign breeds - Anatoli 711, Onni 127. The best lines of the most productive cows are: Urho of Errant 13093 -35% of Sniperum 63640 - 20%, C. B. Commander 174233 - 20%. From the bull Baikal 3673 of Urho Erranta 13093 line four record cows were received, from the bull Centaur 522 line SB Commander 174233 - three cows. Record cows were obtained by various methods of cross-line and intra-line breeding. On the basis of the conducted researches the best breeding material of domestic and foreign selection allowing to define the perspective directions in selection and breeding work for increase of efficiency of conducting dairy cattle breeding is defined.

DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN THE YAROSLAVL REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
А.В. КОНОВАЛОВ ◽  
А.А. АЛЕКСЕЕВ ◽  
М.В. АБРАМОВА
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Farms

Рассмотрена динамика производства молока в сельскохозяйственных организациях Ярославской области с 2015 по 2019 год. Проведено разделение на группы предприятий по надою молока от 1 коровы. Рассмотрены проблемы малых и средних ферм. Выявлен устойчивый рост валового надоя молока. В 2019 году он составил 292 тыс. т (+16,8% к уровню 2015 г.), что обусловлено увеличением среднегодового надоя на 1 корову до 6967 кг. Наибольший рост продуктивности отмечен в группе хозяйств с надоем от 6001 до 8000 кг (29,4%), что определено комплексным подходом к совершенствованию ведения молочного скотоводства и укреплением кормовой базы. Выявлена положительная тенденция увеличения доли вегетативных траншейных кормов I и II класса, которая в 2019 году составила 66% и возросла на 20 п.п. по сравнению с 2015 годом. Анализ породного состава молочного скота в регионе показал увеличение доли высокопродуктивных пород в племенных хозяйствах с 16,5% в 2015 году до 26,0% в 2019 году. Интенсивное использование животных приводит к ранней выбраковке коров в возрасте 3,07 отела и снижению среднего возраста стад до 2,43 отела. Дальнейший рост производства молока в регионе возможен при решении комплекса задач по оптимизации породного состава молочного скота, совершенствованию производственных систем в малых и средних сельскохозяйственных предприятиях, повышению уровня кормления и улучшению условий содержания скота. The dynamics of milk production in agricultural organizations of the Yaroslavl region in the period from 2015 to 2019 is considered, the grouping of enterprises by milk yield is carried out, the problems of small and medium-sized farms are emphasized, a steady increase of milk production was revealed, which in 2019 amounted to 292 thousand tons (+16.8% compared to 2015), which is due to an increase in the average annual milk yield per cow to 6967 kg. The greatest increase in productivity was observed in the group of farms with milk yield from 6001 to 8000 kg (+29.37%). This is determined by a comprehensive approach to improving the management of dairy cattle and strengthening the feed base. During the study period, a positive trend was revealed to increase the share of vegetative feeds of class I and II quality, which in 2019 amounted to 66% and increased by 20 p.p. compared to 2015. Analysis of the breed composition of dairy cattle in the region showed an increase in the share of highly productive breeds in breeding farms from 16.5% in 2015 to 26.0% in 2019. At the same time, intensive use of animals leads to an earlier cull of cows at the age of 3.07 calving and a decrease in the average age of herds by 6.5%, which is 2.43 calving. Further growth of milk production in the region is possible when solving a set of tasks to optimize the breed composition of dairy cattle, improve production systems, in small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, increase the level of feeding and improve the conditions of keeping livestock.

The development potential of Russian cattle breeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Chinarov
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Lost Potential

Production intensification at Russian cattle breeding was accompanied by negative trends in herd reproduction. Over a ten-year period, the productivity of the controlled dairy herd (more than 1.6 million heads) increased by 51.9%, and the average age of cows culling decreased from 5.3 to 4.6 years, which was the result of reduction in the period of animals productive use by 18.1%. Ignoring these objective processes and the lack of due attention to the breeding of cattle breeds with a higher productive longevity has led to the fact that at many herds of our country even simple reproduction is not provided. Repairing of the main herd is largely provided by purchased heifers, most of which are imported. The annual import volumes of breeding heifers increased by 81% and reached 72.6 thousand heads in 2019. At the same time, the import of bull semen is increasing, mainly (93.5%) of the Holstein breed from the USA, where the breeding with a limited number of bulls has been carried out for several decades, which is a consequence of the genetic weakening of the offspring and becomes the main cause of early cows culling. As a result, the number of cows at Russian dairy cattle breeding has decreased by 33.9% for ten years, the productivity at all categories of farms has increased only by 24.2% that led to reduction of milk production by 555 thousand tons. This process has not yet become irreversible, and the restoration of the lost potential at domestic cattle breeding is possible due to development of the breeding base of zoned cattle breeds.

The Progeny Test as a Method of Evaluating the Dairy Sire.

1932 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Accurate Indication ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Dairy Sire

A survey of some environmental and physiological factors influencing milk yield and an analysis of theories of and experiments on milk and butterfat inheritance have been made.Further evidence is given of the fact that the proved dairy sire is the outstanding medium through which improvement in dairy cattle breeding may be effected. The need of (1) prolonging the breeding life of such an animal and (2) evolving a scheme for the regular progeny-recording of all dairy sires is emphasised.The minimum number of unselected daughters necessary to give a reasonably accurate indication of their sire's transmitting ability is six.

Heat synchronization and the effectiveness of insemination of cows of Holstein breed under the conditions of the dairy complex

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
V. V. Lyashenko ◽  
I. V. Kaeshova ◽  
A. V. Gubina
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Moment

The food security of country is largely determined by the development of animal husbandry branches. Dairy cattle breeding is of particular importance, which has been actively developing in recent years due to the modernization of farms and complexes, the introduction of innovative technologies and the formation of a highly productive breeding herd. The most important link in the development of dairy cattle breeding is the reproduction of the herd. Modern technologies make it possible to use hormonal drugs in order to optimize the reproductive traits of animals. The results of clinical and experimental studies have shown the important role of hormones in the regulation of physiological functions, as well as the possibility of their use for directed changes in metabolism, productivity and fertility of animals. The purpose of the research was to assess the influence of methods of synchronization of heat of cows on the pregnancy rate under the conditions of the dairy complex. The research data on the effectiveness of insemination when identifying animals in visually heat and using Heatime neck strips, as well as when using heat synchronization programs such as Presynch and Double Ovsynch have been presented in the article. The research has been carried out under the conditions of a modern dairy complex on a highly productive herd of cows of Holstein breed. Differences in the effectiveness of insemination by using the studied methods were revealed from 49,1 to 72,5 %. The highest conception rate has been observed in first-calf heifers (83,0 %) and cows (62,5 %) inseminated using the Double Ovsynch protocol. The dependence of the level of conception rate on the presence of diseases suffered by cows during the newcalving period and until the moment of insemination has been noted. In sick animals, the conception rate for groups of first-calf heifers and cows was significantly lower than in healthy animals. Thus, according to the Double Ovsynch insemination protocol, the conception rate in healthy animals was 83,7 %, and in those who were ill – 65,2 %. The research results confi rmed the validity of stopping the use of the Presynch protocol and completely transferring the dairy herd of cows to synchronization and insemination using the Double Ovsynch protocol.

RELATIONSHIPS AMONG UDDER MEASUREMENTS, MILKING SPEED, MILK YIELD AND CMT SCORES IN YOUNG DAIRY COWS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. BATRA ◽  
A. J. McALLISTER
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
National Cooperative

Heritabilities, phenotypic and genetic correlations among udder measurements (front teat length, front teat diameter, rear teat length, rear teat diameter, teat distance, udder height), milking speed, and milk yield were estimated for a Holstein line (H) and an Ayrshire-based line (A). Data from 1159 first lactation heifers in the National Cooperative Dairy Cattle Breeding Project were used. A subset of these data from 385 cows measured for the above traits plus California Mastitis Test (CMT) Score were analyzed to estimate relationships among udder measurements, milking speed, milk yield, and CMT score. Front teats were on the average 0.7 cm longer than rear teats. Heritability estimates of udder measurements, milking speed, and milk yield were moderate and ranged from 24% to 57% for the H line, 22% to 61% for the A line and 16% to 51% for the subset of data, except for teat distance in the H line which had a heritability of 5%. Heritability of CMT score was zero. Udders that were closer to the ground tended to have longer and wider teats. High-producing cows milked faster, had lower CMT score, and had udders closer to the ground than low producing cows. Genetic correlations of udder measurements with milking speed and milk yield were small and nonsignificant except for front teat diameter and teat distance which were negatively correlated with milk yield in H line heifers. Key words: Udder measurements, milking speed, milk yield, CMT score, dairy cattle

Productivity of Holstein heifers and fi rst-calf cows of different paternal origin

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
V. V. Lyashenko ◽  
I. V. Kaeshova ◽  
A. V. Gubina ◽  
A. A. Naumov
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
One Year ◽  
Daily Gain

The origin of an animal determines its productive and breeding traits. It is well known that in dairy cattle breeding a great importance belongs to sires, especially those belonging to the leading lines of Holstein breed. The productive indicators of heifers and fi rst-calf cows the off spring of diff erent lines of Holstein breed and daughters of diff erent sires have been presented in the article. The researches have been carried out under the environments of specialized enterprises for rearing of replacement heifers and milk production. Diff erences have been found in the daughters of diff erent sires in terms of live weight and milk productivity. Accounting for the weight growth of the daughters of sires has shown that the live weight of heifers between the lines Wes Ideal 933122 and Refl ection Sovereign 198998 was not a signifi cant diff erence. Daughters of sire # 511H11283 of the line Refl ection Sovereign 198998 in all age periods had a live weight, absolute and average daily gain, the growth rate of replacement heifers was higher than the daughters of other sires. At one year of age, their live weight was higher than that of heifers-daughters of sires # 11H11596, # 11H11565 and # 511H11422, respectively, by 4,1 % (P<0,001), 3,1 % (P<0,01) and 5,0 % (P<0,001). The daughters of sire # 511H11283 of Refl ection Sovereign line also had a higher yield of calves – 104,8 %. However, the largest number of heifers (75,7 %) has been obtained from the daughters of sire # 11H11565 of Refl ection Sovereign line. In terms of milk yield, signifi cant diff erences have been found between the lines and daughters of diff erent sires. Higher milk yield was obtained from the fi rst-calf cows of line Wes Ideal 933122 (12361±321 kg) and the daughters of the sire Mogul 11H011757 (13587±328 kg). According to the mass fraction of fat and protein in milk, the duration of the period of open days and the number of inseminations, there were no signifi cant diff erences between the studied groups of animals. Thus, the infl uence of specifi c sires on individual productive indicators of daughters has been established.

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