Heat synchronization and the effectiveness of insemination of cows of Holstein breed under the conditions of the dairy complex

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
V. V. Lyashenko ◽  
I. V. Kaeshova ◽  
A. V. Gubina
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Moment

The food security of country is largely determined by the development of animal husbandry branches. Dairy cattle breeding is of particular importance, which has been actively developing in recent years due to the modernization of farms and complexes, the introduction of innovative technologies and the formation of a highly productive breeding herd. The most important link in the development of dairy cattle breeding is the reproduction of the herd. Modern technologies make it possible to use hormonal drugs in order to optimize the reproductive traits of animals. The results of clinical and experimental studies have shown the important role of hormones in the regulation of physiological functions, as well as the possibility of their use for directed changes in metabolism, productivity and fertility of animals. The purpose of the research was to assess the influence of methods of synchronization of heat of cows on the pregnancy rate under the conditions of the dairy complex. The research data on the effectiveness of insemination when identifying animals in visually heat and using Heatime neck strips, as well as when using heat synchronization programs such as Presynch and Double Ovsynch have been presented in the article. The research has been carried out under the conditions of a modern dairy complex on a highly productive herd of cows of Holstein breed. Differences in the effectiveness of insemination by using the studied methods were revealed from 49,1 to 72,5 %. The highest conception rate has been observed in first-calf heifers (83,0 %) and cows (62,5 %) inseminated using the Double Ovsynch protocol. The dependence of the level of conception rate on the presence of diseases suffered by cows during the newcalving period and until the moment of insemination has been noted. In sick animals, the conception rate for groups of first-calf heifers and cows was significantly lower than in healthy animals. Thus, according to the Double Ovsynch insemination protocol, the conception rate in healthy animals was 83,7 %, and in those who were ill – 65,2 %. The research results confi rmed the validity of stopping the use of the Presynch protocol and completely transferring the dairy herd of cows to synchronization and insemination using the Double Ovsynch protocol.

The development potential of Russian cattle breeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Chinarov
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Lost Potential

Production intensification at Russian cattle breeding was accompanied by negative trends in herd reproduction. Over a ten-year period, the productivity of the controlled dairy herd (more than 1.6 million heads) increased by 51.9%, and the average age of cows culling decreased from 5.3 to 4.6 years, which was the result of reduction in the period of animals productive use by 18.1%. Ignoring these objective processes and the lack of due attention to the breeding of cattle breeds with a higher productive longevity has led to the fact that at many herds of our country even simple reproduction is not provided. Repairing of the main herd is largely provided by purchased heifers, most of which are imported. The annual import volumes of breeding heifers increased by 81% and reached 72.6 thousand heads in 2019. At the same time, the import of bull semen is increasing, mainly (93.5%) of the Holstein breed from the USA, where the breeding with a limited number of bulls has been carried out for several decades, which is a consequence of the genetic weakening of the offspring and becomes the main cause of early cows culling. As a result, the number of cows at Russian dairy cattle breeding has decreased by 33.9% for ten years, the productivity at all categories of farms has increased only by 24.2% that led to reduction of milk production by 555 thousand tons. This process has not yet become irreversible, and the restoration of the lost potential at domestic cattle breeding is possible due to development of the breeding base of zoned cattle breeds.

scholarly journals Analysis of the effectiveness of dairy cattle breeding in the Republic of Belarus based on statistical and eco-nomic research method

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
N. F. Korsun ◽  
M. M. Kondrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Agricultural Organizations ◽  
The Republic

Introduction. Dairy cattle breeding occupies a leading position among the livestock breeding sectors of Belarus, in which more than half of the fixed assets are concentrated, more than 50% of labor resources are occupied and more than 30% of feed resources are consumed, which creates conditions for its accelerated development along the intensifica-tion path. The purpose of the article is to determine the main factors and directions of increasing the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding in agricultural organizations in Belarus. Results. The redistribution of costs between supporting and productive feed in the direction of increasing the lat-ter as the most effective form of saving in animal husbandry is considered. It is proved that the further development of dairy cattle breeding should be carried out by improving breeding and tribal work to create a competitive Belarusian dairy cow. It is proved that the problem of the competitiveness of dairy products is the labor input, the main reasons for which are highlighted. An economic grouping was constructed according to the annual reporting data for 2017 for 190 agricultural organizations of the Brest region with developed dairy cattle breeding, where the profitability of milk sales was chosen as a grouping attribute. Conclusions. The analysis of the results showed that a high profitability of milk sales is achieved due to the greater density of the population, a higher average annual milk yield. The increase in the profitability of milk sales is accompanied by a decrease in feed consumption while increasing the consumption of concentrated feed per 1 centner of milk. To increase the profitability of the sold products and the productivity of cattle in the dairy sector, it is necessary to provide the animals with full and high-quality feeds of their own production, and to significantly increase the propor-tion of concentrated feeds in the diet. Efficient management of the dairy industry is only possible using intensive cattle production technology. Ways of increasing the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding are proposed. Key words: efficiency, optimization, balance, resource saving, genetic potential, newest technologies.

EVALUATION OF LACTATION CURVES OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY COWS DEPENDING ON PARATIPICAL FACTORS

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
V. S. Kozyr ◽  
A. D. Hekkiyev
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

It was proved that features of lactation curves of cows should be considered at developing breeding programs in dairy cattle breeding, contributing to an objective assessment of a genotype and thus, use of genetic and mathematical methods would increase probability of predicting performance for dairy herd.

An ethical evaluation of animal biotechnology: the case of using clones in dairy cattle breeding

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. M. de Boer ◽  
F. W. A. Brom ◽  
J. M. G. Vorstenbosch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Ethical Evaluation ◽  
Animal Biotechnology ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

AbstractThis paper presents an approach for ethical evaluation of biotechnology, which is illustrated by cloning in dairy cattle breeding. The approach for ethical decision-making that was followed, the so-called network model, started with determining fundamental moral principles that together constitute a framework for the detection of ethical issues in a given situation. In terms of human ethics, four fundamental principles have been defined: beneficence, non-maleficence, justice and autonomy. In the context of animal biotechnology, the same four fundamental moral principles as in humans are considered, except that autonomy is replaced by respect for the integrity of the animal. Based on a Dutch advisory committee concerning animal biotechnology, two additional principles were considered: irreversibility and veriflability. For each individual case, moral decision-making means balancing of moral intuitions, moral principles and morally relevant facts. The final outcome on moral acceptability of an action, therefore, will differ among people. The latter is demonstrated using three types of people (the ruler, the steward and the partner/participant). For each type of person, the fundamental attitude toward animals and nature is defined and a possible decision on the application of cloning in dairy cattle breeding is given. The authors' opinion, however, is that the benefits of cloning are relatively small, especially in the long term, whereas the moral drawbacks of cloning are considerable. The authors conclude that other ways of furthering animal husbandry should have priority.

scholarly journals INTRA-LINEAR SELECTION AND CROSS-LINE SELECTION WHEN CREATING HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE DAIRY CATTLE HERDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
N.L. Ignatieva ◽  
◽  
I.V. Voronova ◽  
E.Yu. Nemtseva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Linear Selection ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Line Selection ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cattle Herds

The aim of the research was to evaluate the compatibility of lines and improve on this basis the traditional selection methods for creating breeding herds in dairy cattle breeding. The results of the analysis showed that the best milk yield among the other lines were the first-born heifers (n=39) of the Holstein line Vis Back Idial (6441 kg of milk). The analysis of the results of the intra-linear selection showed that the best milk yield was also distinguished by the first-born heifers of the Vis Back Idial line – 6721 kg of milk. Analyzing the cross-line of the Vis Back Idial with other lines of the Holstein breed (MCH, RS, and PG), it should be noted that they are superior to their first-calf peers by 253-530 kg of milk. The first-calf cows, derived from the cross of the Montwick Miftaine line and the Reflection Sovering and Pabst Governer lines, also have some superiority over their peers. Thus, when improving breeding herds of dairy cattle, it is necessary to use both intra-linear selection and cross-lines, taking into account their compatibility.

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION OF CATTLE BY PREVENTING COPPER DEFICIENCY IN THE BODY

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-177
Author(s):  
N.I. Erokhina ◽  
L.A. Zernaeva
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Biological Effect ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Russian Federation

In the dairy cattle breeding of the Russian Federation, there are unresolved problems associated with the reproduction of the herd, which significantly affect the economic component of this subsector of animal husbandry. One of the factors causing impaired reproductive function in animals is the lack of copper in the body. The presented materials indicate the importance of the prevention of copper deficiency in animals and further research in the field of the biological effect of this microelement on reproductive function.

The state of dairy cattle breeding in the Kurgan region

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
T. L. Leshchuk ◽  
G. E. Uskov ◽  
A. V. Tsopanova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
The State ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Pedigree Breeding

The purpose of the work was to analyze the state of dairy cattle breeding in the Kurgan region. In the region measures are systematically taken to improve the efficiency of the organization of selection and breeding work, improve reproduction traits, introduce advanced feeding methods, and organize artificial insemination of farm animals. Breeding work with dairy cattle in the region is aimed at creating animals that combine the adaptive properties and valuable features of Black-and-White cattle of the Trans-Urals with high productivity and suitability for intensive technology. It has been established that the average milk yield for 305 days of lactation for the controlled livestock in the region in 2019 was 6558 kg of milk. This was less than in the previous year by 0,73 % or 48 kg. According to the results of 2019 the average milk yield of cows in stud farms was 8098 kg, which was by 6,6 % less than in 2018. Pedigree breeding units worked more successfully where the average milk yield of cows increased by 1,54 % and amounted to 6777 kg. The productivity of cows in stud farms was by 19,5 % higher than in pedigree breeding units. Average age of cow culling in all categories of farms in the region in 2019 amounted to 3,4 calving, which was at the level of previous years. This indicator was slightly higher for pedigree breeding units in 2019, it was 3,9 calving. The main reason for the culling of animals is gynecological diseases for this reason 22,56 % of the cows in the farms in the region were culled, and in pedigree breeding units 30,34 % of cows. Recently, the main focus in the Kurgan region is on obtaining animals with a high proportion of genes for Holstein breed.

scholarly journals Productive and Reproductive Qualities of Yaroslavl Cows and Their Crossbreeds with Holstein Breed

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.И. Зубкова ◽  
А.В. Жерносенко
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

Рассмотрены молочная продуктивность и воспроизводительные качества коров ярославской породы и их помесей с голштинской породой в зависимости от продолжительности сервис-периода в стаде одного из сельскохозяйственных предприятий Ярославской области. Из стада предприятия были отобраны 304 головы коров, закончивших три лактации, из них 79 голов ярославской породы и 225 голов помесей с голштинской породой. По результатам исследований наиболее высокую продуктивность молока за 305 дней лактации имели коровы ярославской породы с продолжительностью сервис-периода 110–129 дней (6399,7 кг), по помесным коровам наивысшая продуктивность наблюдалась с продолжительностью сервис-периода 70–89 дней (7147,7 кг). Удельный вес плодотворного осеменения в течение 89 дней после отёла у коров ярославской породы был равен 50,6%, у помесных животных – 38,2%. Исследования показали, что при коротком сервис-периоде резко возрастает выход телят в расчёте на 100 коров. При сервис-периоде продолжительностью 130 дней и более на одну корову в год приходится лишь 77,1–77,3 телёнка, а при сервис-периоде в 50 дней и менее – 113,4–113,2 телёнка. Такую же тенденцию имеют показатели коэффициента воспроизводительной способности: при продолжительности сервис-периода 130 и более дней – 0,77; при продолжительности сервис-периода до 50 дней – 1,13. Расчёт экономического ущерба от яловости коров в исследуемом хозяйстве показал, что снижение надоя молока на одну голову составляет 668 кг, а по стаду в целом – 556444 кг. Таким образом, хозяйство недополучает денежной выручки от снижения выхода продукции молочного скотоводства по причине яловости коров в размере порядка 12584 тысяч рублей. The milk producing ability and reproductive qualities of cows of the Yaroslavl breed and their crossbreeds with Holstein breed have been considered depending on the duration of the service period in a herd of one of the agricultural enterprises of the Yaroslavl region. 304 head of cows that completed three lactations were selected from the herd of the enterprise of which 79 heads of the Yaroslavl breed and 225 heads of crossbreeds with the Holstein breed. According to the research results the highest milk productivity for 305 days of lactation were in cows of the Yaroslavl breed with a service period of 110–129 days (6399.7 kg), in crossbred cows the highest productivity was observed with a service period of 70–89 days (7147.7 kg). The specific weight of fruitful insemination within 89 days after calving in cows of the Yaroslavl breed was 50.6%, in cross-breeding animals – 38.2%. Researches have shown that with a short service period calf yields per 100 cows have increased dramatically. For a service period of 130 days or more only 77.1–77.3 calves per cow per year and for a service period of 50 days or less 113.4–113.2 calves. The same trend has indicators of the coefficient of reproductive ability: with a service period of 130 or more days – 0.77, with a service period of up to 50 days – 1.13. The calculation of the economic damage from infertility of cows on the farm under research showed that the decrease in milk yield per head was 668 kg and for the herd as a whole – 556444 kg. Thus, the farm receives less than due cash proceeds from a decrease in the output of dairy cattle breeding due to the infertility of cows in the amount of approximately 12584 thousand rubles.

The current state of the breeding base in the Smolensk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
E. Prishchep ◽  
V. Tsys ◽  
D. Leutina
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Current State ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Intensive Rearing ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Economic Use

Dairy cattle breeding in the Smolensk region is the most promising direction of development of agriculture. In this regard the purpose of the work has been to study and analyze the state of the breeding base in dairy cattle breeding in the region. Breeding base in the Smolensk region at present time is represented by three breeding farms (nucleuses) and 12 breeding farms fof breeding Brown Swiss, Sychevskaya, Vazuzskiy type of Sychevskaya breed, Holstein and Black-and-White breeds. In the breeding farms of the region in 2018 the number of cattle was 21 484 heads, which is by 19,4 % less than in 2017. The reduction of livestock has been occurred due to the reduction of cows by 15,4 % and reduction of offspring, but the sale of breeding young animals has been increased by 38 %. The term of economic use of cows according the breed has been varied from 3,2 (Holstein breed) to 4,7 calving (Brown Swiss). At intensive rearing of breeding heifers with their first fertilization at the age of 16– 18 months the average productivity of cows in the future may reach the level of 5500–6000 thousand kg of milk per lactation. Payback all costs under this is happening for 1,5–2,0 lactations. According to the valuation for 2018 highest yield of milk has been obtained in the herd in breeding farm OOO “Zolotaya Niva” (Holstein breed) – 9700 kg of milk and yield of fat 311 and protein 351 kg. Eff ective use of highly productive animals contributes to the improvement of the genealogical structure of the herd and the breed increases the chances of getting even more highly productive and valuable descendants.

DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING PROGRAMME AND GENETIC PROGRESS IN KENYA

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
R. M. Mzee
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sire Evaluation ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

SUMMARYThe state of the dairy herd in Kenya is described. The organization of the national dairy cattle breeding programme and the sire evaluation methods used are discussed in the light of the available data (1978–1988) and the relevant bibliography It is underlined that it was only possible to keep-up milk production - which matches consumption - by a dairy cattle population growth of 220% in the past decade, while the average yield remained unchanged around 3500 kg milk/lactation. The author underlines the need to improve livestock management practices and the genetic potential of dairy cows as the only means to face the needs of a growing human population.

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