scholarly journals COMMODITY EXPERTISE OF JEWELRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
INDUTNYI Volodymyr ◽  
MEREZHKO Nina ◽  
PIRKOVICH Kateryna
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Initial Data ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Pricing Factors ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Cost Forecasting ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Precious Stones

Background. Jewelry is one of the components of material, ritual, cultural and historical heritage of mankind.Modern jewelry has acquired significant differences from those created in the past. Changes in the field of production and trade in jewelry explain the relevance of the analysis of cost indicators in the modern jewelry market and the feasibility of improving commodity expertise. The aim of the workis to analyze the cost indicators on the jewelry market in Ukraine, to conduct their commodity expertiseand to develop an algorithm for cost forecastingof jewelry in accordance with their quality characteristics. Materials and methods. A database of initial data on jewelry present on the market was created in the following range: weddingrings, rings, pendants and earrings. All named products weigh up to 10 grams and are made of 925 silver and 585 gold. Most of them are decorated with precious and semi-precious stones or inserts that imitate them. To develop an algorithm for cost forecastingof jewelry, a mathematical model was built and the quality of the approximation was calculated according to K. Pearson. Results. The results of the analysis of cost indicators in the modern jewelry market are described, and also recommendations for performance of tasks of their com­modity expertise are given. Three commodity groups of jewelry have been identified and an algorithm for predicting their value has been developed.A protocol for assessing the quality of jewelry and standards for visual comparison operations are presented. An approach to determining the estimated value of exclusive jewelry is proposed. Conclusion. The general regulations of work of commodity expertise of jewelry are established. Creating a mathematical model for cost forecastingof jewelry requires the compi­lation of a database of initial data of representative samples presented on the market. For each cost interval it is necessary to build a regression mathematical model that will ensure maximum consideration of pricing factors and the authenticity and reproducibility of the results of commodity research. Commodity expertiseof the cheapest jewelry can be carried out only on the basis of the value of the used precious metals. Medium-value jewelry requires market analysis and mathematical forecasting. Jewelry with precious stones of natural origin also requires analysis of databases on precious stones. More expensive jewelry (more than UAH 300,000 per sample) can be valued only at the value of the gemstone. Keywords: commodity expertise, jewelry, cost forecasting, protocol, evaluation criterion.

scholarly journals A model predictive controller of the blowing mode during basic oxygen furnance process

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Stepanets ◽  
Yurii Mariiash
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Scrap Metal ◽  
Basic Oxygen ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

Today in Ukraine and the world, the problem of energy saving and reducing the cost of smelted steel is state of art. Metallurgical enterprises are developing in conditions of fierce competition, the main reason is that Ukrainian products are extremely energy-intensive due to the depreciation of fixed assets and outdated technological processes. The basic oxygen furnace process is a process of producing steel from liquid cast iron with the addition of steel scrap to the converter and blowing oxygen from above through a water-cooling lance. Nowadays, the production of steel by BOF process is the most popular in the world and is becoming increasingly common. The main disadvantage of the basic oxygen furnace is the need to provide the initial amount of heat (in the form of liquid cast iron) and as a consequence - restrictions on the processing of scrap metal. Reducing the cost of basic oxygen furnace steel is achieved by increasing the share of scrap metal by increasing the degree of afterburning of CO to CO2 in the cavity of the converter, by optimal control of the parameters of the blast mode using model-predictive control. The principle of model-predictive control is based on a mathematical model of the plant. This approach minimizes the functional that characterizes the quality of the process. The linear-quadratic functional was chosen. A forecasting model is proposed taking into account the constraint on changing the position of the lance and the pneumatic oxygen supply valve. It was found that the change in the rate of decarburization of the metal depends on the distance of the lance to the level of the quiet bath and affects the degree of afterburning of CO to CO2. The decarburization process is non-stationary, described by a first-order inertial model, the transfer coefficient and time constant of which depends on the melting period and the duration of the purge. The mathematical model of the blast mode of oxygen-converter melting has been improved, taking into account the influence of the blast intensity on the decarburization process of the bath, which allowed to increase the accuracy and quality of blast control in terms of changing oxygen flow during purging. The simulation results of the automatic control system show that the model-predictive regulator provides the required level of carbon dioxide in the converter gases when the flow rate of oxygen for purge changes.

scholarly journals Predictive model of the dependence of the cost of insulation on thermal characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 04018
Author(s):  
Olga Gamayunova ◽  
Anton Radaev ◽  
Mikhail Petrichenko ◽  
Raimond Bogdanivics
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

In the market of building materials today there is a large selection of various thermal insulation materials, differing in cost, thermal conductivity and other characteristics. This article describes the predictive model of the cost of insulation from thermal characteristics, such as: thickness, thermal conductivity, (average) density, water absorption and combustibility group. The coefficient of determination was used to assess the quality of the obtained economic-mathematical model. The described predictive model can be effectively used to solve problems associated with determining the optimal characteristics of insulation by the criterion of minimizing cost.

scholarly journals A TWO‐PHASE METHOD FOR THE CAPACITATED FACILITY PROBLEM OF COMPACT CUSTOMER SUB‐SETS

Transport ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Janáček ◽  
Lýdia Gábrišová
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Facility Location ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Capacitated Facility Location ◽  
Compound Method ◽  
The Cost

The cost optimal design of the majority of distribution and servicing systems consists of decisions on a number and on the locations of facilities from which customers’ demands are satisfied; however, there are severe difficulties in solving exact procedures because the underlying mathematical model is NP‐hard. These decisions should respect some additional conditions as a limited capacity of located facilities. The objective is to minimize the overall costs of the system and to satisfy all customers’ demands. In this paper, we enrich the set of constraints by a new requirement called sub‐pool compactness. This property of customer subset influences the quality of vehicle routes subsequently formed in a sub‐set of customers served by the same facility. This paper formulates the problem of the enriched capacitated facility location considering compactness condition, formalizes and studies the property of compactness and suggests the compound method solving this problem.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND CONTROL OF HIV INFECTION DYNAMICS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT HORMONAL REGULATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Savinkova ◽  
R. S. Savinkov ◽  
B. A. Bakhmetyev ◽  
G. A. Bocharov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Cost Of Drugs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Aims: The problem of effective treatment of HIV-infected patients is an important task of clinical virology and immunology due to the high cost of drugs, the presence of side effects and the need for strict adherence to the schedule of drug intake for patients. Therefore, the urgent task is to develop new approaches to optimize the use of antiretroviral therapy to reduce the cost of treatment and to improve the quality of life for patients. The tasks are addressed to test the hypothesis that the system of therapeutic interruptions in the treatment of HIV infection can give better results (both the duration and comfort of the patient’s life, and the need for fewer drugs) compared with regular medication in standard doses. Methods: In this work, an extended version of the mathematical model of the immune response in HIV infection (proposed in Hadjiandreou et al., 2009) was constructed to take into account the hormonal regulation of the immune response and the impact of antiretroviral drugs on the course of the disease, the calibration of the parameters of the resulting model to match the actual trends of the disease and the search for an optimal treatment strategy. The model is formulated as a system of ordinary differential equations. The therapy optimization is modeled following the structured treatment interruptionapproach using the methods of simulated annealing and the simplex method. The mathematical model and optimization methods are implemented in C ++. Results: It has been shown that in treating HIV-infected patients, it is possible to significantly (up to 3 times) reduce the total amount of required medications simultaneously with an increase in the duration of the period with a high quality of life (due to reducing the intensity of side effects) during antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion: The use of mathematical models and optimization methods opens up the possibility for the implementation of personalized approaches to the treatment of HIV infection, taking into account the side effects, the hormonal status of patients and the cost of drugs.

scholarly journals ТОВАРОЗНАВЧА ОЦІНКА АНТИКВАРНОЇ МАЛОЇ ТА МІНІАТЮРНОЇ ПЛАСТИКИ З КІСТКИ ТА ДЕРЕВА

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
Editor Editor
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Cost Forecasting ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Мета. Дослідження основних засад щодо проведення товарознавчої оцінкиантикварної малої та мініатюрної пластики з кістки та дерева, а також здійсненняпрогнозування їх ліквідаційної вартості.Методика. Для товарознавчої оцінки антикварної малої та мініатюрної пластикиз кістки та дерева було використано стандартні методи регресійного аналізу.Результати. Описано повний перелік процедур та розрахунків, що необхідні длявиконання товарознавчої оцінки антикварних виробів із слонової кістки та цінних сортівдерева, а також для здійснення прогнозування їх ліквідаційної вартості.Продемонстровано значення результатів аналізу поточного стану ринку спорідненихпредметів для створення колекції еталонів й подальшого її використання для виконанняоперацій порівняння. Подано приклад розрахунків прогнозованої вартості з використаннямзапропонованої авторами математичної моделі, що є цілком придатної для практичноговикористання в завданнях прогнозування вартості високохудожніх виробів з слоновоїкістки та цінних сортів дерева на міжнародному ринку. Під час проведення товарознавчоїоцінки антикварної малої та мініатюрної пластики з кістки та дерева запропоновановикористовувати питомі показники вартості, визначені як відношення вартостіпредмета до його діагонального брутто розміру. Процедура оцінки якості тапрогнозування вартості не враховує емоційного ефекту, який твір мистецтва справляє напотенційного покупця, але вона враховує його фінансові можливості.Наукова новизна. Запропоновано поділ вартісних показників малої та мініатюрноїпластики з кістки та дерева на товарознавчі групи та запровадження питомих показниківвартості, визначених як відношення вартості предмета до його діагонального брутторозміру.Практична значимість. Розроблено порядок розрахунку питомого показникапоточної вартості малої та мініатюрної пластики з кістки та дерева: відношеннязадекларованої вартості до діагонального брутто-розміру предмета, що дозволяє враховувати розміри виробів в процедурах оцінки, адже вони є показовими відноснозагальної оцінки технічної складності роботи зі створення предмету. Purpose. Investigation of the main principles for commodity evaluation of antique smalland miniature plastics from bone and wood, as well as forecasting of their liquidation value.Methodology. Standard methods of regression analysis were used for the commodityevaluation of antique small and miniature bone and wood plastics.Results. A complete list of procedures and calculations necessary for carrying outcommodity evaluation of antique ivory products and valuable wood articles, as well as forforecasting of their liquidation value, is described. It is demonstrated the significance of theanalysis results of the market related items current state for the creation of a collection ofstandard models and its further use for performing of comparative operations. An example ofcalculations of the forecast value is presented using the mathematical model proposed by theauthors, which is quite suitable for practical use for the cost forecasting of high-art ivory andvaluable wood products on the international market.Scientific novelty. It is proposed the division of cost indicators of small and miniaturebone and wood plastics into commodity groups and the introduction of specific values of value,determined as the ratio of the value of the object to its diagonal gross size.Practical value. The procedure for the specific indicator of the current cost of small andminiature bone and wood plastics calculation: the ratio of the declared value to the diagonalgross-size of the object, which allows to take into account the products size in the evaluationprocedures, as they are indicative of the overall assessment of the technical complexity of thework on the creation of the subject.

scholarly journals Special Issue “Smart Urban Lighting Systems”

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3627
Author(s):  
Marco Beccali ◽  
Marina Bonomolo
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
The Cost

The design and operation of multifunctional infrastructures for public lighting as well as their impact on the urban environment and citizens’ life is today of great interest. The cost of energy for public lighting is often an issue for the budget of municipalities. Furthermore, researchers’ and designers’ attention is increasingly focused on aspects of public lighting not directly valuable through economic factors. Starting from the “quality” of the light environment, looking at citizens’ visual comfort, the light has to be considered as an instrument to improve the urban context and objects therein (including buildings). Indeed, urban degradation (lack of infrastructures, maintenance, services, etc.) is linked to the poor quality of everyday issues, such as traffic, pollution, noise, lack of information, long times to access focal points, and the lack of safety. Simultaneously, in many areas, the potential related to the valorization of historical heritage is often underexploited. The installation of efficient lighting systems coupled with the implementation of ICT solutions can provide economic, social, and health benefits, energy efficiency, and visual comfort. On the other hand, as for indoor lighting, these systems can be expensive, not easy to maintain, and not as efficient as expected. The aim of this Special Issue was to investigate the problems and advantages of smart urban lighting systems in more detail. This Special Issue included 6 papers of the 10 submitted papers.

DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL ORDER PORTFOLIO FROM THE MANY OF POSSIBLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Maria V. Dykha ◽  
◽  
Nadezhda V. Gripinskaya ◽  
Maria Ya. Marko ◽  
Grigory G. Tsegelik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Optimal Portfolio ◽  
Optimal Order ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Time

The problem of optimal portfolio of purchase of products (services) at the enterprises from many possible ones is considered. In this setting, the problem is explored and solved for the first time using a simulation tool. A mathematical model of the problem is built and an algorithm for its solution is developed. When building a mathematical model, the following parameters are taken into account: the number of types of products / services purchased; the number of enterprises that produce the required products; the need for products of a certain type; the cost of manufacturing a unit of production of each type at each enterprise; generalized indicator of quality of manufactured products of each type at each enterprise; index of identified comparative advantages in the manufacture of products j-th enterprise; the general budget of funds allocated for the purchase of products (financing the manufacture of products). The developed mathematical model makes it possible to find the optimal result of distribution of the required volume of orders (purchases) of each type of products at different enterprises (or at one enterprise), which provides the maximum offered level of product quality, and product purchase costs do not exceed the planned level. To illustrate the results of the developed algorithm, the example shows the search for the best option for purchasing products of four types (meeting a specific need) at each of the five companies offering these types of products. The proposed algorithm is of interest for practical application, makes it possible to determine the optimal portfolio of purchases of products (semi-finished products, parts), to solve the problem of optimal "package" purchases / orders. It is advisable to use it in private business, in enterprises of various spheres of activity and forms of ownership, as well as at the macro level of the economy, in particular, in the process of finding optimal options for government programs.

ON THE EXPERT’S RIGHT TO BE PRESENT AT LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
M. G. Shcherbakovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Data Acquiring ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses the reasonsfor an expert to participate in legal proceedings. The gnoseological reason for that consists of the bad quality of materials subject to examination that renders the examination either completely impossible or compromises objective, reasoned and reliable assessment of the findings. The procedural reason consists ofa proscription for an expert to collect evidence himself or herself. The author investigates into the ways of how an expert can participate in legal proceedings. If the defense invites an expert to participate in the proceedings, then it is recommended that his or her involvement should be in the presence of attesting witnesses and recorded in the protocol. In the course of the legal proceedings an expert has the following tasks: adding initial data, acquiring new initial data, understanding the situation of the incident, acquiring new objects to be studied, including samples for examination. An expert’s participation in legal proceedings differs from the participation of a specialist or an examination on the scene of the incident. The author describes the tasks that an expert solves in the course of legal proceedings, the peculiarities ofan investigation experiment practices, the selection of samples for an examination, inspection, interrogation.

Evaluation Of The Functional Of Space-Planning Arrangement Of A Building

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Initial Data ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
The Cost

The article focuses on the problem of the lack of objective evaluation of space-planning arrangement of buildings as a creative approach of the architect to the performing of functional tasks by the object. It is proposed to create a methodology for assessing the functional of space-planning solutions of buildings on the basis of numerical simulation of functional processes using the theory of human flows. There is a description of the prospects of using this method, which makes it possible to increase the coefficient of compactness, materials and works saving, more efficient use of space, reduce the cost of the life cycle of the building, save human forces and time to implement the functional of the building. The necessary initial data for modeling on the example of shopping and shopping-entertainment centers are considered. There are three main tasks for algorithmization of the functional of shopping centers. The conclusion is made about necessity of development of a method for objective assessment of buildings from the point of view of ergonomics of space-planning decisions based on the study of human behavior in buildings of different purposes.

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