scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF THE VALUE OF THE CONSTITUTION AGREEMENT WHEN CREATING A LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3(72)) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
O.A. Brauzman

In the article, the author examined the legislative changes in the number of constituent documents when creating a limited liability company in the Russian Federation. The author has analyzed the provisions of such documents as, memorandum of association, foundation agreement and charter. As a result of consideration of the value of the memorandum of association, the author concluded that the legislative changes introduced are appropriate

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3(72)) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
O.A. Brauzman

The article considers the possibility of borrowing the provisions of the legislation of the Federal Republic of Germany in relation to the institution of a limited liability company in the legislation of the Russian Federation. The author has considered all the legislatively established stages of the establishment of a company in comparison with domestic legislation and concluded that it is advisable to improve Russian legislation by borrowing the considered provisions on the establishment of a company under the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Loryents

This scientific work analyzes the characteristics of vindication of specific things that are contributed to the Chartered capital of a Limited Liability Company (LLC). The author critically assesses the doctrinal and judicial positions in relation to the commutative nature of contributions to the Chartered capital. The non-gratuitous nature of the contribution acquisition is artificial and unusual. The economic entity doesn’t provide the founder with the share in the Chartered capital as it does not possess it. The share is acquired by the founder by virtue of law in connection with the LLC state registration and is a converted contribution. In the light of the civil legislation reform in the Russian Federation and with regard to the English law particular attention is paid to understanding the bona fide of a legal entity through the behavior of its head. Under certain circumstances, it’s not reasonable to regard the head’s evil conscience as the will of the company. In case of a claim for the recovery of contributions to the Charter capital prior to the state registration of the Corporation in the register, the claim should be reported directly to the contributed assets, which are advisable to position as an “unused” contribution. The court must suspend the case until the establishment of a legal entity.


Author(s):  
Hartomy Akbar Basory ◽  
Ni Kadek Sri Widiari Suwitera ◽  
Refly Setiawan

Abstract. The Russian government's plan to reduce spending, plan not to extend the stimulus package and have the possibility of raising taxes by 2021 are steps to be taken. One of the objectives of the policy of the Russian Federation is to provide the conditions for complete economic development for all levels of society. This study aims to explain how one company in the Russian Federation in the city of Kazan is related to increasing corporate liquidity and risk management. This study uses quantitative analysis methods with liquidity analysis approaches and corporate risk assessment. The results of this study explain that a company in the Russian Federation in the city of Kazan can develop measures to increase corporate liquidity and risk management. The International Monetary Fund also warned that the Russian government's conservative economic policies could impede an immediate recovery - especially in the context of the second wave of infections that pushed the country's healthcare system to its limits.


Author(s):  
N.E. Sadokhina

The relevance of the research topic is due to the uncertainty of the provision of constitutional responsibility in the system of legal responsibility types. The study purpose is to the legal nature analysis of constitutional and legal responsibility, allowing it to be viewed as a form of legal responsibility. The conducted research is based on general scientific analysis methods, deduction, and also private law – the formal legal method. So, on the basis of the analysis of the current legislation and law-enforcement practice, we conclude that the political and legal nature of constitutional responsibility is special. On the one hand, it is a form of legal responsibility and is applied to subjects of constitutional responsibility in cases provided for by constitutional norms. On the other hand, it helps to regulate relations that arise in the sphere of public administration, ensure the stability of the functioning of the state apparatus. It is established that this feature explains also the fact that constitutional responsibility can occur not only in case of an offense, but also in case of lawful behavior. It is determined that for consideration of the constitutional responsibility as a special kind of legal responsibility it is necessary to introduce a special procedural order of calling to account, including in particular the procedure for appealing the dissolution of the State Duma, giving the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation the powers to consider such cases. And it is also necessary to fix a list of circumstances that may form the basis for a decision on mistrust in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The conclusion is made that these legislative changes will underline the specificity of constitutional and legal responsibility and leave no doubt about its status as a kind of legal responsibility.


Author(s):  
Iwo Jarosz

In recent years we have witnessed an almost unprecedented effort of legislators and legal academics in Europe to make limited liability companies in various jurisdictions more modern, simpler and more accessible. These endeavors are usually related to the liberalization of statutory requirements regarding the minimum share capital amounts. Lively debates among academics and practitioners, as well as regulatory competition, seem to be the factors making the legislative changes dynamic and evolutionary. The issue of limited liability companies’ regulatory reform were also the subject of proposed European legislation, including the now abandoned proposal of a harmonised single-member limited liability company model known as Societas Unius Personae SUP. In Poland there has also been, for  almost a decade, a discussion on whether and how to follow the example of Germany and its Unternehmergesellschaft and other European countries and liberalize the capital requirements for the Polish limited liability company. Lately the Polish legislator has introduced the so-called simple joint-stock company prosta spółka akcyjna, which had been drafted to be an attractive offer for start-ups, aiming, in the perception of its proponents, to achieve the modernization and simplification desired by contemporary legislators and supposedly accomplished in other jurisdictions, all the while maintaining serious levels of creditor protection. The author employs formal-dogmatic and comparative methods to describe the capital structure of the new company type and to confront it with certain other statutory developments, especially the Societas Unius Personae as a serious and well-thought-out, nonetheless failed venture, to try to assess the solutions set forth by the Polish legislator.Kapitał zakładowy prostej spółki akcyjnej w świetle dotychczasowych przepisów i projektów prawodawstwa europejskiegoW ostatnich latach europejscy ustawodawcy i przedstawiciele nauki prawa podejmowali nieomalże bezprecedensowe wysiłki w kierunku modernizacji, uproszczenia i zwiększenia dostępności spółek z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością. Działania te zazwyczaj zmierzały do liberalizacji ustawowych wymogów dotyczących minimalnych kwot kapitału zakładowego. Czynnikami dynamizującymi zmiany legislacyjne wydają się żywe dyskusje w środowisku akademickim oraz na łonie praktyki, a także konkurencja regulacyjna. Kwestie reformy spółek z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością były również przedmiotem projektów prawodawstwa europejskiego, w tym projektu dyrektywy w sprawie zharmonizowanego modelu spółki z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością jednoosobowej znanego jako Societas Unius Personae SUP. Także w Polsce od prawie dekady toczy się dyskusja w przedmiocie zmian dotyczących spółek z o.o., w szczególności tego, czy polskie ustawodawstwo powinno podążyć za przykładem Niemiec i znanej z niemieckiego porządku prawnego Unternehmergesellschaft oraz innych krajów europejskich i zliberalizować wymogi kapitałowe dla tego typu spółek. Sejm przegłosował niedawno ustawę wprowadzającą tak zwaną prostą spółkę akcyjną. Ten nowy typ spółki ma w założeniu stanowić atrakcyjną propozycję dla start-upów, prowadząc — zdaniem jej zwolenników — do modernizacji i uproszczenia pożądanego przez współczesnych prawodawców przy jednoczesnym utrzymaniu stosownego poziomu ochrony wierzycieli. Autor próbuje ocenić rozwiązania zaproponowane przez polskiego ustawodawcę w zakresie struktury kapitałowej nowego typu spółki, konfrontując je z innymi rozwiązaniami, w tym w szczególności z projektem Societas Unius Personae — przedsięwzięciem ostatecznie nieudanym, choć przemyślanym i zasługującym na uwagę.


Author(s):  
K. A. Tabolina

This article is devoted to the problems of participation of the Prosecutor at the initial stage of criminal proceedings and the search for ways to optimize its activities in the light of the digital transformation of the Prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation, carried out in three main areas, namely high-tech supervision, digital infrastructure, and the environment of trust. The transition to high-tech supervision and the development of digital infrastructure should lead to work with a single electronic case on the basis of a single interdepartmental digital online platform. At the same time, a single interdepartmental digital online platform will ensure interaction both within the prosecutor’s office and the interaction of the prosecutor’s office with the investigation, inquiry, public, and court bodies. The conclusion is drawn that the digital transformation of the Russian prosecutor’s office optimizes the activities of prosecutors at the initial stage of criminal proceedings, but this should be preceded by legislative changes aimed at strengthening the role of the prosecutor in pre-trial proceedings. It also states the need to increase the availability of information to citizens about the activities of prosecutors and the state of legality in pre-trial criminal proceedings and expand the list of statistical data posted on the official website of the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation.


JURIST ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Miroslava I. Petrovskaya ◽  

The article is devoted to the justification of the specifics of public administration in the field of forced migration. The specifics of this type of migration, peculiarities of its administrative and legal regulation are revealed. The purpose of the work is to obtain theoretical conclusions and to develop practical recommendations for improving the system of management of forced migration in Russia. The target is public administration in the field of forced migration. The subject of the study is a set of rules of administrative law of the Russian Federation, which establish general provisions of public administration of forced migration, as well as the range of subjects, institutions and mechanisms used in the process of ensuring the functioning of the system of reception of forced migrants. The methodological basis of the study was the methods: dialectical, private methods — systemic-structural, comparative-legal, formal-logical and historical-legal, statistical and other methods of scientific knowledge. Within the framework of the proposed study, ways are outlined to solve the problems identified by the author of organizing the foundations of management in the field of forced migration in Russia. Recent legislative changes that have not yet been the subject of scientific research are under consideration. For the first time since the transfer of migration powers to the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, current changes related to the implementation of powers in the field of forced migration have been analyzed.


Author(s):  
Андрей Гарнов ◽  
Andrey Garnov ◽  
Н. Тишкина ◽  
N. Tishkina

The article describes the category of “self-employed citizens”, outlines their role in the socio-economic structure of society, and studies the main stages of legislative changes related to the legalization of taxation of incomes of selfemployed. The analysis of foreign experience in solving the problem of taxation of self-employed is given. The reasons for which the self-employed remain in the shadow sector of the economy are identified. The authors consider the positive and negative effects of the introduction of tax on professional income.


Author(s):  
Лев Бардин ◽  
Lev Bardin

The law establishes that representatives in the courts can be both lawyers and other persons providing legal assistance, as well as legal representatives. The Constitutional Court in its Resolution No. 15-P of 16.07.2004 indicated that representatives of legal entities in arbitration proceedings can be any person. But in accordance with Item II (A) (a) of the List of Specific Obligations of the Russian Federation for Services Included in Annex I to the Protocol of 16 December 2011 "On the Accession of the Russian Federation to the Marrakesh Agreement on the establishing of the WTO", only those who received the status Lawyer in accordance with Russian law, has the right to represent in criminal courts and Russian arbitration courts, as well as act as a representative of organizations in civil and administrative proceedings and proceedings on cases of administrative violations. Appropriate legislative changes are needed. The law states that the use of the terms "advocacy", "lawyer", "lawyer's chamber", "lawyer’s entity" in the names of organizations is allowed only by lawyers. Every year, Russia's tax inspections register dozens of organizations set up by non-layers, illegally including the above terms in their names. The law should provide not only prohibitions, but also sanctions for violation of these prohibitions. Collegiums of advocates often include the phrase "partners" in their names. But lawyers - members of the board are not partners and do not sign partnership agreements. Partners can not be among the governing bodies of the collegium . The application by collegiums of lawyers of the rules provided for non-commercial partnerships by the Federal Law "On Non-Profit Organizations" in the part of partners is illegal. Only lawyers can establish a lawyer’s bureau and conclude a partnership agreement. But in practice in lawyer’s bureau, persons who do not have the status of a lawyer become partners. In other countries, in associating lawyers limited liability partnerships, along with partners, there are "associates". The introduction of such "associates" in our lawyer’s bureau will be a good alternative to attempts to include commercial organizations in the composition of lawyer entities.


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