APPLICATION OF PLEURAL EFFUSION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC PLEURAL EMPYEMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8(77)) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
S.A. Kalashnikova ◽  
S.Sh. Aidaeva ◽  
E.A. Kalashnikova

An experimental study of facies of pleural exudate obtained from the residual pleural cavity of rats with chronic pleural empyema at different periods of the experiment was conducted. As a result of morphometric analysis of exudate facies, a violation of the structural and spatial organization of the biological fluid and the etiology of pleural effusion was established.

Author(s):  
A.L. Charyshkin ◽  
E.A. Kuzmina ◽  
B.I. Khusnutdinov ◽  
E.A. Toneev ◽  
O.V. Midlenko ◽  
...  

In Russia, annually more than 100,000 people are diagnosed with tumor pleuritis. Resistant cancerous pleuritis is often caused by lung cancer (35 %), breast cancer (23 %), ovarian cancer and lymphomas (10 %). Pleuritis in malignant neoplasms often indicates the spread of the process through pleura. At the same time, systemic therapy does not always help patients. Radical treatment for malignant pleural effusion is gradually being replaced by new minimally invasive methods. Prolonged drainage of the pleural cavity in exudative pleuritis increases the risk of infection, which contributes to the development of pleural empyema. In order to eliminate the exudate, talc, tetracycline, and Betadine solutions are introduced into the pleural cavity through the drainage, the efficacy being 60 to 90 %. Thus, a new method for drug administration into the pleural cavity, which helps to eliminate resistant exudative pleuritis, remains relevant. Keywords: resistant exudative pleuriris, malignant neoplasms, pleurodesis. Проведен обзор отечественной и зарубежной литературы, посвященный местному лечению резистентного злокачественного плеврита. С каждым годом частота онкологических заболеваний и опухолевых плевритов только повышается. В России ежегодно опухолевые плевриты диагностируют более чем у 100 000 чел. Резистентный злокачественный плеврит в 35 % случаев обусловлен раком легкого, в 23 % – раком молочной железы, в 10 % – раком яичников и лимфомами. Плеврит при злокачественных новообразованиях часто свидетельствует о распространении процесса по плевре. При этом использование системных методов лечения не всегда облегчает состояние пациента. Радикальные методы лечения злокачественного плеврального выпота постепенно заменяются новыми минимально инвазивными методами. Продолжительное дренирование плевральной полости при экссудативном плеврите увеличивает риск ее инфицирования, что способствует развитию эмпиемы плевры. С целью ликвидации экссудата через установленный дренаж в плевральную полость вводят растворы талька, тетрациклина, бетадина с эффективностью от 60 до 90 %. Недостатком данного способа лечения является выраженный болевой синдром, повышение температуры тела, риск легочных осложнений, длительность лечения. Таким образом, создание способа введения лекарственных препаратов в плевральную полость для ликвидации резистентного экссудативного плеврита остается актуальным. Ключевые слова: резистентный экссудативный плеврит, злокачественные новообразования, плевродез.


2009 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duilio Divisi ◽  
Giovanna Imbriglio ◽  
Roberto Crisci

Our study shows the different therapeutic procedures in 64 patients with pleural effusion due to MRSA pneumonia. The thoracostomy tube associated with pleural washing was decisive in 10 simple effusion patients. Video-assisted thoracic surgery allowed a complete resolution of the disease in 22 complex parapneumonic effusion patients. In 20 of 32 patients with frank pus in the pleural cavity, the videothoracoscopic insufflation of carbon dioxide (CO2) before thoracotomy facilitated the dissection of the lung tissue. In 12 patients, this approach was not applied because of cardiac insufficiency. Videothoracoscopy and decortication after thoracotomy ensured the recovery of functions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
B. N. Kotiv ◽  
I. I. Dzidzava ◽  
T. N. Suborova ◽  
G. V. Valiev ◽  
O. V. Barinov ◽  
...  

The OBJECTIVE was to determine the possibility of using chromatography-mass spectrometry to select causal treatment for patients with pleural empyema.METHODS AND MATERIALS. The analysis of the results of examination and treatment of 207 patients with pleural empyema for the period from 2017 to 2018 was done. All patients underwent bacteriological examination, twenty patients from them underwent chromato-mass-spectrometric examination of pleural exudate.RESULTS. Patients were transferred to a specialized thoracic hospital from other medical institutions, where they received a course of empirical antibacterial therapy and drainage of the pleural cavity was performed. Bacteriological examination of the contents of the pleural cavity was positive in 112 (54.1 %) patients. The leading pathogens were gram-negative bacteria isolated from the contents of the pleural cavity in 45 % of patients with closed and 63.5 % – open pleural empyema. Polyantibiotic-resistant stocks of P. aeruginosa (30.4 %), K. pneumoniae (19.6 %) and A. baumannii (12.5 %) prevailed, which remained sensitive to polymyxin and, in some cases, to amikacin. In 25 (22.3 %) patients, micromycetes of the genus Candida were found. No growth of anaerobic microflora was detected. Chromato-mass-spectrometric examination of pleural exudate revealed markers of 30 taxa of bacteria, viruses and fungi that exceeded the norm by more than two times. Markers of gram-negative bacteria were not detected. The proportion of anaerobic microorganisms was 76.6 %, with the highest concentration found for bacteria of the genus Clostridium and Eubacterium.CONCLUSION. The choice of causal treatment for patients with pleural empyema is difficult due to the negative culturing from the contents of the pleural cavity in 45.9 % of patients, as well as the discordance between the results of bacteriological and chromato-mass-spectrometric studies. Diagnostic methods for detecting pathogens of pleural empyema require further improvement.


2020 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
D. V. Minukhin ◽  
O. I. Tsyvenko ◽  
A. Yu. Korolevska ◽  
L. G. Tarasenko ◽  
D. Yu. Melnyk ◽  
...  

Most authors considered pleural cavity drainage to be the main method of treatment of acute pleural empyema using minor surgery. Despite the simplicity of drainage of the pleural cavity, the number of complications after this surgical manipulation, according to the reports of some authors, varies from 3 to 8 %. The complications of pleural drainage in the patients with acute nonspecific pleural empyema have been studied and the technique of pleural drainage "blindly" has been introduced, which allows drainage to be located along the chest wall. At the first stage of the four−stage study, the complications of pleural drainage in 38 patients with acute nonspecific pleural empyema were analyzed, at the second stage a device for drainage of the pleural cavity "blindly" was developed to place drainage in parallel to the chest wall, at the third stage patients were tested; on IV −− drainage of the pleural cavity of 34 patients was performed according to the proposed method. The reason for the development of drainage complications in the pleural cavity of patients with acute pleural empyema was the inadequate location of drainage in the pleural cavity, drainage of the pleural cavity was carried out in general hospitals without the use of thoracoscopic equipment. Curved thoracoport with trocar for a blind drainage of the pleural cavity "blindly" was developed and introduced into clinical practice. This technique eliminates the involuntary location of the drainage in the pleural cavity, installing it along the chest wall, and is safe. Complications associated with drainage of the pleural cavity according to the developed method using a curved thoracoport with a trocar, inadequate location of drainage, were not observed in patients. Key words: acute pleural empyema, pleural cavity drainage, curved trocar.


Author(s):  
Robert J.O. Davies ◽  
Y.C. Gary Lee

Case History—A 54 yr old Asian man, and a 19 yr old Chinese man, both with pleural effusions. Case History—A 68 yr old man with a pleural effusion. Benign tumours are rare in the pleural cavity, with solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura, the most frequent of these rarities....


Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Hardak ◽  
Eli Peled ◽  
Yonatan Crispel ◽  
Shourouk Ghanem ◽  
Judith Attias ◽  
...  

BackgroundWhile malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common and significant cause of morbidity in patients with cancer, current treatment options are limited. Human heparanase, involved in angiogenesis and metastasis, cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) side chains on the cell surface.AimsTo explore the coagulation milieu in MPE and infectious pleural effusion (IPE) focusing on the involvement of heparanase.MethodsSamples of 30 patients with MPE and 44 patients with IPE were evaluated in comparison to those of 33 patients with transudate pleural effusions, using heparanase ELISA, heparanase procoagulant activity assay, thrombin and factor Xa chromogenic assays and thromboelastography. A cell proliferation assay was performed. EMT-6 breast cancer cells were injected to the pleural cavity of mice. A peptide inhibiting heparanase activity was administered subcutaneously.ResultsLevels of heparanase, factor Xa and thrombin were significantly higher in exudate than transudate. Thromboelastography detected almost no thrombus formation in the whole blood, mainly on MPE addition. This effect was completely reversed by bacterial heparinase. Direct measurement revealed high levels of HS chains in pleural effusions. Higher proliferation was observed in tumour cell lines incubated with exudate than with transudate and it was reduced when bacterial heparinase was added. The tumour size in the pleural cavity of mice treated with the heparanase inhibitor were significantly smaller compared with control (p=0.005).ConclusionsHS chains released by heparanase form an anticoagulant milieu in MPE, preventing local thrombosis and enabling tumour cell proliferation. Inhibition of heparanase might provide a therapeutic option for patients with recurrent MPE.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunjue Yi ◽  
Tae Hyung Kim ◽  
Jun Hee Lee ◽  
Jae Ho Chung ◽  
Sungho Lee

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical manifestation and predictive risk factors of pleural empyema developing during treatment of the pyogenic liver abscess. Methods Medical records of patients with the liver abscess in our institution were reviewed retrospectively. Enrolled patients were classified into four groups; Group 1: patients without pleural effusion, Group 2: patients with pleural effusion and who were treated noninvasively, Group 3: patient with pleural effusion and who were treated with thoracentesis, and Group 4: patients with pleural effusion that developed into empyema. Patient characteristics, clinical manifestation, and possible risk factors in development of empyema were analyzed. Results A total of 234 patients was enrolled in this study. The incidence rate of empyema was 4.27% (10 patients). The mean interval for developing pleural effusion was 5.6 ± 6.35 days. In multivariate analysis, risk factors for developing pleural effusion included the location of the liver abscess near the right diaphragm (segment 7 and 8, OR = 2.30, p = 0.048), and larger diameter of the liver abscess (OR = 1.02, p = 0.042). Among patients who developed pleural effusions, presences of mixed microorganisms from culture of liver aspirates (OR = 10.62, p = 0.044), bilateral pleural effusion (OR = 46.72, p = 0.012) and combined biliary tract inflammation (OR = 21.05, p = 0.040) were significantly associated with the need for invasive intervention including surgery on effusion. Conclusion The location of the liver abscess as well as pleural effusion, elevated inflammatory markers, and combined biliary tract inflammation may be important markers of developing pleural complication in patients with pyogenic liver abscess.


Respiration ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 784-788
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
Yan Hu ◽  
Fang-Fang Guo ◽  
Kun-Yao Yu ◽  
...  

Surgical intervention is occasionally required for the treatment of pleural empyema. Semirigid thoracoscopy is a safe and successful surgical approach utilized by interventional pulmonologists, conventionally utilizing flexible forceps and suction as the main tools, but they can sometimes be inefficient for more complicated cases. In debriding a case of multiloculated empyema with semirigid thoracoscopy, we report the novel use of cryotherapy in clearing adhesions from the pleural cavity. We found using the cryoprobe to be more efficient than using forceps and suggest further investigation into its use in medical thoracoscopy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Michael Agustin ◽  
Michele Yamamoto ◽  
Chawat Tongma ◽  
Leslie Anne Chua ◽  
Michael Torres ◽  
...  

Chylothorax is the occurrence of chyle (lymph) in the pleural cavity secondary to damage of the thoracic duct. It is a rare form of pleural effusion which appears as a milky white turbid fluid. Malignancy is the leading cause of nontraumatic chylothorax while inadvertent surgical injury to the thoracic duct is the major cause of traumatic chylothorax. We report a case of spontaneous left-side chylothorax following septic pulmonary embolization (SPE) with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This is a rare case of a nonmalignant, nontraumatic, and nontuberculous spontaneous chylothorax which was conservatively treated with fibrinolysis and diet modification.


Author(s):  
Alessandro Marra ◽  
Christoph Huenermann ◽  
Bernd Ross ◽  
Ludger Hillejan

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of an original technique of single-port video-assisted thoracoscopy (S-VATS) for the minimally invasive treatment of pleural empyema in fibrinopurulent stage. Methods Single-port video-assisted thoracoscopy was performed under general anesthesia and single-lung ventilation using a 2-cm incision after ultrasound localization of the projected midpoint of the pleural effusion. Through the single access, a video scope and standard thoracoscopy instruments were simultaneously introduced to perform debridement and lavage of the pleural cavity. Postoperatively, patients underwent continuous or intermittent pleural irrigation through the chest tube until microbiological confirmation of sterility of the pleural fluid. Results Between November 2004 and December 2009, a total of 61 patients underwent S-VATS for pleural empyema in stage I(7%) or II (93%). Median age was 63.5 years (range, 22–94 years). Male-to-female ratio was 4.2. Surgery was performed 3 to 60 days after the onset of symptoms. Macroscopically complete debridement of the pleural cavity was achieved in most (98%) cases. Median operation time was 53 minutes (range, 29–90 minutes). No intraoperative complications occurred. In-hospital mortality and morbidity rates were 3% and 16%, respectively. Deaths were caused by diffuse metastatic colon cancer in one case and severe apoplectic insult in the other. Chest tube was removed after a median time of 12 days (range, 4–64 days). Four (6.5%) patients experienced a relapse of empyema; this was caused by complicated residual pleural space (two cases), persistent pleuropulmonary fistula (one case), or both (one case). Conclusions It seems that S-VATS is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of pleural empyema in fibrinopurulent stage.


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