scholarly journals PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE PROCESS OF OBTAINING BISHOFITE FROM RAPE OF LAKES KARAUMBET AND BARSAKELMES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6(75)) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
R.R. Tozhiev ◽  
O.S. Bobokulova ◽  
H.Ch. Mirzakulov

The process of obtaining bischofite from Karaumbet and Barsakelmes brine by its two-stage steaming with an intermediate release of sodium chloride was studied. At the same time, calcium and sulfate ions of brine have been removed by precipitation with soda ash and its waste - distiller liquid. The individuality of magnesium chloride hexahydrate has also been confirmed by X-ray and IR spectroscopic methods of analysis. The composition and quality of 6-aqueous magnesium chloride meets the requirements of State Standard 7759-73 for commercial bischofite.

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1124-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C. Apella ◽  
Enrique J. Baran

Phases of composition Ca10-z;Naz(PO4)6-z;(SC)4)xF2, obtained during the substitution of PO43- by SO42- ions in the Ca10(PO4)6F2 lattice have been investigated by means of X-ray and IR spectroscopic methods. The stepwise introduction of SO42- ions produces an increasing distorsion of the lattice, although the parameters of the "pseudo-hexagonal" unit cell are practically invariant. The not well defined IR spectra are greatly dependent of the oxoanion present in largest concentration


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 303-314
Author(s):  
Marcelo Kehl; ; ; ; DE SOUZA ◽  
Marcos Antônio KLUNK ◽  
Soyane Juceli Siqueira XAVIER ◽  
Mohuli DAS ◽  
Sudipta DASGUPTA

One of the main contaminants of kaolinite, the iron, directly impacts quality in its commercial value. The spectroscopic monitoring, measured the depth of absorption of kaolinite, is compared with the literature in order to identify possible contaminants. The occurrence of kaolinite is due to the formation of primary minerals after the partial release of cations and silicon. This clay-mineral has a simple shape, with variable crystallographic imperfections, especially in the presence of iron, which replaces aluminum in the mineral chain, causing various structural disorganizations. The extraction of industrial minerals combined with geological studies, allows the development of new sources of energy, such as clay minerals, in particular kaolinite. Depending on the origin of the kaolinites, the presence of iron oxides in its structure, Fe2O3 and FeO(OH), are common. By comparing the results of spectroscopy (X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, RAMAN) and imaging using SEM-EDS, it was possible to identify kaolinite, with a higher determination coefficient, when the proportion of kaolinite reaches 60% or more in the mix. Kaolinite can be identified and quantified with a high correlation in the mixture from the sample absorption. Thus, the method has great potential to assist in quantifying and, consequently, in discriminating the quality of kaolinite.


Author(s):  
Grigory Yakovlev ◽  
Jadvyga Keriene ◽  
Valery Grakhov ◽  
Rostislav Drochytka ◽  
Anastasiya Gordina ◽  
...  

The research studies the properties of a high-strength anhydrite composition based on fluoroanhydrite, a waste product of hydrofluoric acid. To activate fluoranhydrite, Na3PO4 sodium phosphate was added to the composition in an amount of 3% of the mass. The physico-chemical studies of the structure and properties of activated fluoroanhydrite conducted using infrared spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis showed changes in the composition of the hardened composite, and the study of the fluoroanhydrite microstructure revealed the formation of a denser matrix with the increased strength. An increase in the water resistance of the developed binder matrix was noted. The composition can be used as a cheap substitute for gypsum plaster due to the low prime cost of raw materials, and also contribute to the improvement of the environmental situation in fluoroanhydrite disposal sites.


2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1605-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keishiro Yamashita ◽  
Kazuki Komatsu ◽  
Takanori Hattori ◽  
Shinichi Machida ◽  
Hiroyuki Kagi

A high-pressure phase of magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2·6H2O-II) and its deuterated counterpart (MgCl2·6D2O-II) have been identified for the first time by in-situ single-crystal X-ray and powder neutron diffraction. The crystal structure was analyzed by the Rietveld method for the neutron diffraction pattern based on the initial structure determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This high-pressure phase has a similar framework to that in the known ambient-pressure phase, but exhibits some structural changes with symmetry reduction caused by a subtle modification in the hydrogen-bond network around the Mg(H2O)6 octahedra. These structural features reflect the strain in the high-pressure phases of MgCl2 hydrates.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
Wiwit Sri Werdi Pratiwi ◽  
Nike Ika Nuzula ◽  
Desi Suryana Suci ◽  
Ary Giri Dwi Kartika ◽  
Makhfud Effendy

Madura memberikan kontribusi terbesar terhadap produksi garam di Jawa Timur. Produksi garam menghasilkan limbah yang disebut bittern. Bittern merupakan air sisa kristalisasi garam yang berbentuk cairan dengan kadar kepekatan >29o Be dan memiliki kandungan utama berupa ion magnesium. Selama ini, hasil bittern dari tambak garam rakyat Kabupaten Pamekasan, Madura digunakan kembali untuk proses produksi garam, dimana kegiatan tersebut dapat menurunkan kualitas garam. Dalam skala industri, bittern dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku magnesium, namun diperlukan suatu metode untuk memisahkan senyawa lainnya agar tidak mengganggu proses ekstraksi magnesium. Ion sulfat (SO₄²ˉ) merupakan ion terbanyak kedua yang terkandung dalam bittern, sehingga pemisahan ion sulfat merupakan suatu strategi untuk meningkatkan kualitas bittern sebagai bahan baku magnesium klorida. Pada penelitian ini, proses pemisahan ion sulfat menggunakan reagen kalsium klorida dihidrat (CaCl₂.2H₂O) yang ditambahkan pada bittern dengan perbandingan antara SO₄²ˉ dan CaCl₂.2H₂O yaitu P1 = 1:0,90 ; P2= 1:0,95; P3 1:1; P4=1:1,05; dan P5= 1:1,1. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kandungan sulfat pada bittern yaitu 41257,14±757,14 mg/L. Kadar sulfat pada filtrat dengan perlakuan P₁ = 4,14±0,43 mg/L; P₂ = 5,38±0,22 mg/L; P₃ = 7,57±1,14 mg/L; P₄ = 6,57±0,57 mg/L; dan P₅ = 7,48±0,46 mg/L. Penambahan CaCl₂.2H₂O berpengaruh terhadap kadar sulfat pada bittern yang dapat dilihat dari hasil uji ANOVA.  Perlakuan optimal dari uji lanjut DNMR yaitu pada perlakuan ratio molar 1:0,9 dengan nilai rata-rata 4,1429 mg/L dimana dilihat dari rata-rata paling kecil dari perlakuan lainnya. Hasil penelitian ini menjadi penelitian dasar untuk melakukan optimasi ekstrak magnesium klorida dari bahan baku bittern. Madura provides the largest contribution to salt production in East Java. Salt production generates a waste called bittern. Bittern is the residual liquid of salt crystallization with a concentration of 29oBe and has the main content of magnesium ions. Unfortunately, bittern from the salt pond in Pamekasan Regency, Madura is reused for the salt production process, whereby this activity can reduce the quality of salt. On an industrial scale, bittern can be used as a raw material for magnesium, but a method is needed to separate other compounds so it does not interfere with the magnesium extraction process. Sulfate ion (SO₄²ˉ) is the second most abundant ion contained in bittern. Thus, the separation of sulfate ions is a strategy to improve the quality of bittern as a raw material for magnesium chloride. In this study, the separation process of sulfate ions using calcium chloride dihydrate reagent (CaCl₂.2H₂O) added to bittern with a ratio between SO₄²ˉ and CaCl₂.2H₂O, namely P1 = 1:0,90; P2= 1:0,95; P3 1:1; P4=1:1,05; dan P5= 1:1,1. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the sulfate content in bittern is 41257.14 ± 757.14mg/L. Sulfate levels in the filtrate  were P₁ = 4.14±0.43 mg/L; P₂ = 5.38±0.22 mg/L; P₃ = 7.57±1.14mg/L; P₄ = 6.57±0.57mg/L; and P₅ = 7.48±0.46 mg/L.The addition of CaCl₂.2H₂O has an effect on the sulfate content of bittern which can be exhibited from the ANOVA test results. The optimal treatment of the DNMR test is the treatment of the molar ratio of 1: 0.9 with an average value of 4.1429 mg/L, which is referred from the smallest average of other treatments. The results of this study serve as basic research to optimize the extract of magnesium chloride from bittern as raw material.


Author(s):  
Ammar Zobeidi ◽  
Leila Moussaoui

The Aim of this Study was to Determine the Physicochemical Composition of Water Intended for Human Consumption in Several Regions of El-Oued - Algeria. Excess Minerals in Drinking Water, Including Magnesium, Calcium, Sulfates, Chloride and Fluorides Play a Fundamental Role in the Prevention of Urinary Calculi, which are Formed Mainly from Calcium Oxalate. the Results Revealed that Wholes Water Samples are Analyzed Magnesium ([Mg 2+] > 50 Mg/L). the Rate of Sulfate Ions Average 638 Mg/l, Exceeding the Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) Recommended by WHO ([SO42ˉ] > 250 Mg / L). in Addition, 85% had Excess Fluoride [Fˉ] > 0.85 Mg/L, and 100% are Calcium, the Rate of Ca2+ is Greater than 150 Mg/L.


2019 ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Mathan Ramesh

Water pollution is a major environmental problem in India, especially pollution of rivers, lakesand ponds caused by people's daily activities but also by industry, The growing population andthe contaminated growth in agriculture, rapid urbanization and industrialization, have led to anincreasing demand for water. In India, pollution from various sources is seriously degradingfreshwater sources, Coimbatore is the second largest city in TamilNadu, South India. There aremore than 25,000 small, medium, large and tiny industries and textile mills. The unplanned anduncontrolled expansion of Coimbatore has brought in its wake serious pressures on its naturalresources.Singanallur Lake (major source for irrigation) is situated between 10', 56' 46' latitude and 77'0 I' 11" longitudes at Southwest of Coimbatore city, South India. The lake with an area of 835 m2is divided into two equal halves having a connection for water in between. The south half of thelake receives freshwater only during rainy reason from Noyyal River (highly polluted river)through a canal and north half receives urban, domestic and industrial wastewater. During rainyseason storm water and road runoff enters the lake through Sanganoor pallam. The catchmentarea is 125 km2 comprising a part of Coimbatore urban and suburban areas. The present studywas carried out over a period of January 2004 - December 2004 and the sample was collected at30 days interval in two zones namely, middle zone and sewage mixing zone.The study depicts high level of pollution at sampling station near sewage mixing zone. The physicochemical parameters like BOD, COD, DO, solids, chlorides, carbonates etc., are exceeding safelimits. The lake with such high level of pollutants is unfit for irrigation.


1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 73-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Beregi ◽  
E. Hild ◽  
A. Sztaniszláv ◽  
Gy. Rudnay ◽  
J. Sztatisz

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