scholarly journals The State of Specific Immunity to Measles and Rubella Virus in Newborns and their mothers

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Tikhonova ◽  
O. V. Tsvirkun ◽  
A. G. Gerasimova ◽  
A. A. Basov ◽  
R. A. Frolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
The State ◽  
First Year ◽  
Specific Immunity ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
And Control

Objective: evaluate the passive specific immunity to measles and rubella in newborns and their mothers. Materials and metods: a study was made by the ELISA of the state of specific immunity to measles and rubella in 226 puerperas aged 15 to 44 without taking into account the vaccination status and their newborns in maternity hospitals in Moscow and Moscow Region. Results - the seropositive of measles proportion - 73.9 ± 2.9%, the rubella - 84.5 ± 2.4%. Comparison of the results of the study of immunity to rubella in puerperas and newborns with the results of previous years did not reveal any significant differences. The results of the examination of 226 newborns for the presence of antibodies to the rubella virus showed that the proportion of seropositive measles to the virus turned out to be 177 (78.3 ± 2.7%) children, rubella - 83.6 ± 2.4%, comparable to results of a survey of their mothers. Conclusion: high level of protection of the puerperas and their newborns from these infections. However, the organization and carrying out of vaccinations requires increased attention and control, since only high and timely coverage with vaccinations will prevent the increase in the incidence of infection when meeting with the pathogen of infection, including children of the first year of life.

An inevitable crisis? From first to second year in counsellor training

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-89
Author(s):  
Hugh Crago
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
First Year ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Counsellor Training ◽  
Student Dropout ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
And Control

In a seminal 1973 paper, Robert Clark described the very different “cultures” of the first and second year students in a four year clinical psychology PhD programme. The author applies Clark’s template to his own experiences as trainee or trainer in five different counsellor education programmes, one in the US and four in Australia. Each of the programmes, to varying degrees, demonstrates key features of the pattern identified by Clark, where the first year is “therapeutic” and other-oriented, the second is “professional” and self-focused. The author concludes that all the surveyed programmes exhibited some level of “second year crisis”, in which a significant number of students felt abandoned, dissatisfied, or rebellious. The author extends and refines Clark’s developmental analogy (first year = childhood; second year = adolescence) to reflect recent neurological research, in particular, the shift from a right hemisphere-dominant first year of life, prioritising affiliative needs, to a left hemisphere-dominant second year, prioritising autonomy and control. This shift is paralleled later by a more gradual move from a protective, supportive childhood to necessary, but sometimes conflictual, individuation in adolescence. The first two years of a counsellor training programme broadly echo this process, a process exacerbated by the second year internship/placement, in which students must “leave home” and adjust to unfamiliar, potentially less nurturing, authority figures. Finally, the author suggests introducing more rigorous “academic holding” into the first year, and greater attention to “therapeutic holding” of dissident students in the second, hopefully decreasing student dropout, and achieving a better balanced training experience.

scholarly journals Influence of increasing doses of nitrogen on feed productivity of perennial grasses

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vasil'evna Ivanova ◽  
Olga Vasil'evna Kurdakova ◽  
Aminat Msostovna Konova ◽  
Anna Yurievna Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
The State ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
State Register ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

In the course of the experiment, the effect of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of clover of the meadow variety Nadezhny, entered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2012, was analyzed. A comparison is also made of this influence with the timothy of the meadow variety Leningradskaya 204. It was established that the pre-sowing introduction of mineral nitrogen for clover and timothy has influenced the productivity of these crops, but the nature of this effect varies depending on the type of grass. The introduction of N20 against the background of P30K90, which provided an increase in control of 51.2% for green mass and 33.6% for air-dry matter, was optimal for meadow clover of the first year of life. For grassland clover second year of life, the best option was N0P30K90, which gave an increase of 56.6% to the control on green mass and 50.6% on air-dry matter. A further increase in the dose of nitrogen on the options caused a decrease in yield increase. Timothy meadow for two years of life was traced responsiveness to the provision of nitrogen. The most productive in all respects was the option N120P30K90.    

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistant staphylococci acquired during the first year of life

1978 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Burr ◽  
C. H. L. Howells ◽  
P. W. J. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Discharge From Hospital ◽  
First Year Of Life

SUMMARYNasal swabs were taken from 492 babies born consecutively to residents of two South Wales towns soon after their discharge from maternity hospitals. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 352 babies (72%) and in 79 (22%) of these it was resistant to at least one antibiotic. By the time these babies were a year old the prevalence of both sensitive and resistant strains had fallen, so that only 12% still carried nasal staphylococci, but 64% of these organisms were then resistant to penicillin. Administration of penicillin to the baby seemed to be a more important factor in selecting resistant organisms than other antibiotics given to the baby, any antibiotic treatment to other members of the household, or discharge from hospital.

scholarly journals Possibilities of the ultrasonography in the diagnosis of craniosynostosis in children of the first year of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
N. N. Dzhandzhgava ◽  
A. B. Sugak ◽  
E. A. Filippova ◽  
L. A. Satanin ◽  
D. S. Kryuchko
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The State ◽  
Cranial Sutures ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ultrasound Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Suture Fusion ◽  
First Year Of Life

Craniosynostosis is a premature closure of the skull sutures, manifested by deformation of the head requiring surgical treatment. An instrumental examination of the state of the cranial sutures is necessary for the differential diagnosis of craniosynostosis and benign positional deformities of the skull in infants. Traditionally, radiation methods, such as X-ray and computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstruction, are used for this purpose. Over the past two decades, we have accumulated a large amount of data on the high information content of the ultrasound method in assessing the state of the cranial sutures in children. Ultrasound examination is widely available, easy to perform, reproducible; it does not require sedation of the patient and does not carry radiation exposure, which is especially important when examining young children. A negative result of the study makes it possible to exclude the diagnosis of craniosynostosis, while the detection of suture fusion serves as an indication for referring the child to visit a surgeon and further examination. The ultrasound method should be more widely used as a screening method for detecting head deformity and suspicion of craniosynostosis in children of the first year of life.

scholarly journals WAYS OF MODERNIZATION OF MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ASSISTANCE IN CHILDREN’S HOMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Svetlana B. Lazurenko ◽  
A. P. Fisenko ◽  
S. R. Konova
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
First Year ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Children’S Homes ◽  
Interdisciplinary Interaction ◽  
First Year Of Life

Results of the analysis and comparison of official statistics and selective studies of the health status of young children brought up in children’s homes and in the children’s population over the past decade are presented. It has been established that The state of health of charity-children of children’s homes by the nature and structure of disorders was established to differ from the state of health of children in the population. The authors propose to implement a number of measures to ensure the improvement of the quality of medical and psychological-pedagogical assistance to children with combined forms of pathology; to introduce in the child’s homes modern medical-psychological-pedagogical assistance to a severe contingent of children based on interdisciplinary interaction, to improve the system of gradual rehabilitation treatment and comprehensive medical rehabilitation of children of the first year of life, taking into account the structure of health disorders.

scholarly journals Intellectual characteristics of adolescents with chronic gastroduodenitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita M Gurova ◽  
Yury P Uspenskiy
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Intellectual Status ◽  
Unbalanced Diet ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Intellectual Characteristics

Intellect is one of the indicators of children’s health, characterizing the optimality of the age development and the success of adaptation processes. In the case-control study, were included 60 adolescents with chronic gastroduodenitis (CGD) in the period of remission (main group), average age – 13 years old. The comparison group consisted of 22 children with the I group of health. A comparative evaluation of the features of the course of the antenatal period, childbirth, and features of early development of the child was carried out. Were estimated the indicators of stress level, social adaptation (M. Gavlinova’s questionnaire), intellectual functions (D. Veksler’s test). It was shown that the total index reflecting the level of stress in children of the main group was 173.03 ± 82.69 points compared to the index of children of the comparison group – 96.34 ± 38.5 points (p < 0.01). In the main group, compared with the control, children with low level of adaptability were more likely to meet, less often children with an average level of adaptation (34.8% / 21, CI 27.4-41.4% vs 55.3% / 12, CI 42, 32-63,28, р < 0,05) and there were no children with a high level of adaptation. In children with CGD, Veksler’s WISC method (for children 5-16 years of age) showed a slight decrease level of verbal, non-verbal and total IQ in comparison with healthy peers. Among the risk factors that affect intellectual status, the most important were the burdened perinatal history, the nature of feeding in the first year of life and the unbalanced diet in subsequent periods of life.

Germination of seeds and development of seedlings of chrysanthemum garden (Chrysanthemum × hortorum Bailey) from different combinations of crossing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Yakushina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
First Year Of Life

The article presents the results of five-year studies of the germination of hybrid seeds obtained from different combinations of crossing of garden chrysanthemum, as well as the state of seedlings obtained from hybrid seeds. There were described the successful combinations of crossing that give offspring able to increase intensively the vegetative mass in the first year of life and to move into the reproductive stage.

scholarly journals Incidence and penicillin sensitivity ofStaphylococcus aureusin the nose in infants and their mothers

1953 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Ludlam
Keyword(s):  
Phage Type ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Very High ◽  
At Home

1. Among infants attending Child Welfare Clinics there was a steady decline in the incidence of nasal carriage ofStaph. aureusover the first year of life.2. Infants born in hospital showed a much higher incidence ofStaph. aureusin the first 2 months of life than infants born at home. A similar difference was also very distinct in the later part of the first year of life.3. Mothers delivered 2 weeks to 2 months previously had a higher incidence of nasal carriage ofStaph. aureuswhen delivered in hospital than when delivered at home. After this interval the incidence was similar in all groups of mothers throughout the rest of the year.4. In the first few months of life there was a tendency for carriage in infants to be associated with carriage in the mother, but towards the end of the year there was no such relationship. This association appeared most clearly in infants born at home and in infants 2–5 months old born in hospital F.5. A very high proportion (25 out of 30) of the strains tested from infants born in hospital F less than 5 months previously were penicillin-resistant. Infants born at home had a much lower incidence of resistant strains.6. A high proportion of strains ofStaph. aureusisolated from mothers delivered in hospital F were resistant throughout the first year. Strains from mothers delivered in hospital C or at home showed a much lower proportion of resistant strains.7. Phage-typing showed a great variety of types, but those found among the penicillin-resistant strains were rather less varied than among the sensitive strains. WhenStaph. aureuswas found both in infant and mother, although the same phage type was commonly present in both, in 16 out of 35 couples different types were found.8. Investigation in maternity hospitals C and F showed a high proportion of penicillin-resistant strains ofStaph. aureusamong the nurses and infants and in the dust of the nurseries, but not among the mothers. There was no important difference between the two hospitals as regards the incidence of resistant strains isolated from nurses and infants in spite of the differences found in babies from the two hospitals when swabbed at the clinics.9. The significance of these results is discussed.

Child, Adolescent, and Adult Development

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Slater ◽  
Katharine A. Stratigos ◽  
Janis L. Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ego Functions ◽  
Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
And Control ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

The development of children and adolescents is characterized by abrupt discontinuities as well as continuous aspects of behavior such as individual temperament. The crucial task of the first year of life is the development and solidification of the attachment between infant and caretaker. Toddlers and adolescents tend to experience intense conflicts around autonomy and control that become resolved as they progress in the process of separation-individuation. The tasks of middle childhood include developing a sustained sense of mastery and competence, morality, and stable self-esteem; as ego functions grow and consolidate, children become increasingly able to tolerate frustration and delays in the gratification of their wishes and desires. Adolescence begins with puberty, the period of sexual maturation in which the primary sex organs develop and become capable of reproduction and secondary sex characteristics appear. Although adolescents tend to engage in risk-taking behaviors, the majority of adolescents maintain normal academic and social functioning; an adolescent whose rebelliousness includes severe disturbances in conduct, mood, or drug abuse should be evaluated for possible psychopathology requiring treatment. The main social developmental tasks for adults take place in the realms of work and intimate relationships.

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