The effect of Bonyan-Method Experiential Marathon Structured Groups (BEMSG) on ego functions

The present research has studied Bonyan-Method Experiential Marathon Structured Groups' efficacy on the nonclinical populations' ego functions. This study was a quasi-experimental trial with a control group. The trial group participated in the marathon group on three consecutive days (36 hours) and weekly sessions for three weeks. Then the ego function evaluation questionnaire was simultaneously given to both groups. All ego functions in the trial group showed significant growth compared to the control group. Among these, the most remarkable statistical effect size was related to "Adaptive Regression in Service of the Ego" and "Stimulus barrier." The relationship between improving ego functions and mental health can be anticipated, and steps can be taken to promote the community’s mental health by using these groups.

Eating Disorders and the Rorschach

In this article we review research on eating disorders with the Rorschach. In this field there are two main lines of research involving two specific methodologies: the Comprehensive System and the French school. We present the main results of the different studies separately and then comment on some similarities and differences in the findings. We find that the results of these studies are complementary on certain aspects of functioning found in anorexia nervosa as compared with other categories of eating disorders. Both sets of studies underline the self-centeredness of anorexic patients with their difficulty in communicating their feelings and thoughts. In both types of study, treatment is understood as relying on an integrative and multidisciplinary model that seeks to modify the eating behaviors and to improve ego functions in order to moderate the patient’s distress. In addition, both types of research show that secure attachment would be the first priority for the therapist in psychological treatment, which should increase the patient’s confidence in others. They also both stress the importance of the restoration of self-esteem and a sense of identity through the support offered by the relationship to the therapist.

Brotherhood and Destructivity in Sibling Relationships

The integrative and assimilatory tendencies of modern society are based on “fraternity”, which refers to the sibling level. Siblings are for each other primary objects with all the possible positive and negative affects that can go along with it. The ego functions are strongly stimulated by the exchange with the siblings, but also the infantile sexuality. In adolescence there can be sexual assaults between sister and brother that are still socially taboo. How does one explain that brotherhood can arise from sibling relations - so often characterized by jealousy and rivalry?

THE ADDICTION: A PSYCHODYNAMIC REVIEW OF GAME ADDICTION

The behavioral addiction, apart from substance use addiction, is defined by impulsive repetitive actions of the individual and has become one of the relatively new problems in the psychology community. Game addiction, which has similar diagnostic criteria with gambling addiction, is one of the areas of behavioral addiction, and studies on early object relationships, one of the reasons of this field, are very limited. Game addiction, which affects individuals regardless of age group with the developing technology, is explained by the early period unsuccessful object relations. When it comes to the importance of play in adult life, the concept of fantasy is also included in the work. In general, in this study, the irresistible needs of individuals for the controllable depth and colorful aspects of the virtual world were tried to be explained in the context of individuals' past life patterns, ego functions, self and object designs, and the clinical manifestations of behavioral addictions and also the importance of psychodynamic approaches when working with them were emphasized. Keywords: Game addiction, behavioral addiction, psychodynamic aspects of addiction, fantasy

Psychological characteristics of the types of the experience of loneliness functional orientation

The article is devoted to the study of the "ego function" features of persons with different functional loneliness orientations. It discusses the views of scientists on the definition of the concepts of loneliness, and ideas about the functions of the ego, are included in the framework of the human model of personality by G. Ammon. The results of an empirical study aimed at determining the features of self-functions of individuals with different functional orientations of loneliness are stated. The bonds between the indicators of ego functions such as aggression, anxiety, internal and external selflimitations, narcissism, sexuality; and the types of functional loneliness orientation are established. Groups of creative, adaptive and self-destructive experiences of loneliness are defined. It has been established that groups of individuals with a different loneliness experience are distinguished by the specifics of the manifestation of ego functions (constructive, destructive, deficit). A descriptive characteristic of the ego-functional profiles of individuals with different experience types of loneliness orientation are presented, and their psychological portraits are compiled. It has been proven that people having creative types of loneliness experiences are inherently more sociable, empathetic, open, able to constructively overcome difficulties and interpersonal conflicts, have higher self-esteem, are more ambitious, realistic in their perception of themselves and others, emotionally and spiritually mature, and able to express feelings and emotional experiences. Persons with an adaptive type of loneliness experience are characterized by control of interpersonal distance, rational use of available resources, difficulties in setting and upholding personally significant goals, inconsistency of emotional experience, instability concerning oneself, emotional depreciation of important events and significant relationships, blocking activities; and feelings of fatigue, boredom and emotional emptiness. Persons with a self-destructive type of loneliness experience are characterized by between the person’s inner world and his social environment, resulting in increased mental stress, fear of the future, anxiety, uncertainty, dissatisfaction with life.

The Role of Gender and Income Level in the Relationship Between Ego Functions and Resilience

This study is a research conducted in the relational screening model aiming to examine the intermediary role of gender and income in the relationship between ego functions and resilience. The research was conducted with 251 participants who volunteered to participate among fourth-graders attending different undergraduate programs of a university. 49.8% of the participants were female, and 50.2% were male; the mean age was 23.6 years. The Resilience Scale for Adults and Ego Functions Assessment Scale were used as data collection tools in the research. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression Analysis were used in the analysis of data. Consequently, while resilience did not differ significantly in terms of gender, evaluating the truth from ego functions were found higher in men, and stimulant threshold and judgment were found to be higher in women. While it was determined that ego functions predicted resilience at a significant level, the intermediary role of gender and income level was not found in the relationship between ego functions and resilience. Consequently, it may be useful to consider ego functions as a variable in improving the resilience of young individuals.

Pola Asuh Demokrasi dan Nilai-Nilai Agama Dalam Keluarga di Lingkungan Beragam Agama Desa Suka Julu Dusun III Jumpa

This service aims at this service is Building a pattern of Democratic Care and Building the values of Religion. It should be understood that the family is two or more individuals who live in one household because of the relationship of blood, marriage and interacting with one another, having their respective roles by creating and maintaining a culture. The environment that is first encountered by children is the family environment. In the family of course there are religious values born from generation to generation and carried by the family. Whereas religious experience is an element of feeling in religious consciousness, namely the feeling that leads to beliefs generated by actions or amaliyah. Suka Julu Village Hamlet III Jumpa is one of the villages located in Karo land with diverse religious communities although it is dominated by Karo tribes in the area around Berastagi city. In customs, girls are not allowed to talk with their father. In addition, there is still a lack of planting of religious values. There are still those who do not have strong religious beliefs, so that on Christmas day, there are still Muslims who follow Christian activities and vice versa. This is certainly confusing for children. So that it will give birth to children who lack confidence. Personality dynamics actively influence human activities. Spiritual energy functions to regulate spiritual activities such as thinking, remembering, observing and so on. The instinct function regulates primary needs: eating, drinking and sexual. The ego has the function of adjusting impulse adjustment with objective reality. While Super Ego functions as a giver of inner rewards (satisfied, happy, successful) and punishment (guilt, sin, regret). The reward is played by the ideal ego, and inner punishment is carried out by the conscience. This activity was carried out to foster democratic upbringing and religious values in families in various religious environments in a tribe.

School of Religious Psychology at the University of Derpt. On the Issue of Studying Religion in the Russian Empire in the Early 20th Century

The article deals with the consecration of the basic ideas of the Dorpat school of religious psychology. The main attention is focused on Karl Girgensohn and his experimental method of studying religiousness, in particular religious experience. The main methodological basis of the school is shown. The article also reflects the interaction of the Dorpat and Würzburg schools of religious psychology, which influenced the ideas of Oswald Külpe. The main conclusions reached by Girgensohn during his research were, on the one hand, that the leading structural element of religious experience was intuitive thinking, which, unlike discursive thinking, is less formulated and is associated not so much with logic as with feelings of pleasure and dissatisfaction, as with symbols. In addition, Girgensohn singled out the so-called “ego functions” associated with intuitive thoughts in religious experience. Faced with a new set of ideas, the ego first reacts intellectually, using its existing stock of principles. In addition to the characteristic of the method, the attitude to the method developed by Oswald Külpe and developed by Carl Girgensohn is also shown. Among the researchers there were both supporters of experimental introspection, such as Otto Rithschle, and the critic of this technique in the person of Oscar Pfischer, Anna Tumarkin and others. The last part gives a brief review of the gradual sunset of the Dorpat school.