scholarly journals Possibilities of the ultrasonography in the diagnosis of craniosynostosis in children of the first year of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
N. N. Dzhandzhgava ◽  
A. B. Sugak ◽  
E. A. Filippova ◽  
L. A. Satanin ◽  
D. S. Kryuchko
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The State ◽  
Cranial Sutures ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ultrasound Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Suture Fusion ◽  
First Year Of Life

Craniosynostosis is a premature closure of the skull sutures, manifested by deformation of the head requiring surgical treatment. An instrumental examination of the state of the cranial sutures is necessary for the differential diagnosis of craniosynostosis and benign positional deformities of the skull in infants. Traditionally, radiation methods, such as X-ray and computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstruction, are used for this purpose. Over the past two decades, we have accumulated a large amount of data on the high information content of the ultrasound method in assessing the state of the cranial sutures in children. Ultrasound examination is widely available, easy to perform, reproducible; it does not require sedation of the patient and does not carry radiation exposure, which is especially important when examining young children. A negative result of the study makes it possible to exclude the diagnosis of craniosynostosis, while the detection of suture fusion serves as an indication for referring the child to visit a surgeon and further examination. The ultrasound method should be more widely used as a screening method for detecting head deformity and suspicion of craniosynostosis in children of the first year of life.

scholarly journals WAYS OF MODERNIZATION OF MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ASSISTANCE IN CHILDREN’S HOMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Svetlana B. Lazurenko ◽  
A. P. Fisenko ◽  
S. R. Konova
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
First Year ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Children’S Homes ◽  
Interdisciplinary Interaction ◽  
First Year Of Life

Results of the analysis and comparison of official statistics and selective studies of the health status of young children brought up in children’s homes and in the children’s population over the past decade are presented. It has been established that The state of health of charity-children of children’s homes by the nature and structure of disorders was established to differ from the state of health of children in the population. The authors propose to implement a number of measures to ensure the improvement of the quality of medical and psychological-pedagogical assistance to children with combined forms of pathology; to introduce in the child’s homes modern medical-psychological-pedagogical assistance to a severe contingent of children based on interdisciplinary interaction, to improve the system of gradual rehabilitation treatment and comprehensive medical rehabilitation of children of the first year of life, taking into account the structure of health disorders.

scholarly journals Influence of increasing doses of nitrogen on feed productivity of perennial grasses

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vasil'evna Ivanova ◽  
Olga Vasil'evna Kurdakova ◽  
Aminat Msostovna Konova ◽  
Anna Yurievna Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
The State ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
State Register ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

In the course of the experiment, the effect of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of clover of the meadow variety Nadezhny, entered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2012, was analyzed. A comparison is also made of this influence with the timothy of the meadow variety Leningradskaya 204. It was established that the pre-sowing introduction of mineral nitrogen for clover and timothy has influenced the productivity of these crops, but the nature of this effect varies depending on the type of grass. The introduction of N20 against the background of P30K90, which provided an increase in control of 51.2% for green mass and 33.6% for air-dry matter, was optimal for meadow clover of the first year of life. For grassland clover second year of life, the best option was N0P30K90, which gave an increase of 56.6% to the control on green mass and 50.6% on air-dry matter. A further increase in the dose of nitrogen on the options caused a decrease in yield increase. Timothy meadow for two years of life was traced responsiveness to the provision of nitrogen. The most productive in all respects was the option N120P30K90.    

scholarly journals BILINGUALISM IN CHILDREN HAVING CONGENITAL BILATERAL PROFOUND SENSORI NEURAL HEARING LOSS – CASE REVIEW

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Amina Asif Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
First Year ◽  
Case Review ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
High Intelligence ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Developed World

The age old understanding that an individual with a hearing loss is incapable of acquiring verbal communication skills was readily accepted in the past, which led to the inadvertent but unfortunate coining of phrases “deaf and dumb” or “deaf and mute, " and the development of non-verbal or manual communication methodolgies of Sign language. Further, this caused the segregation and isolation of otherwise physically and intellectually competent individuals from mainstream society, unjustifiably denying them opportunities of education and vocation. Studies have proved that in the absence of any organic or inorganic complication, a child with a hearing loss may not only score a high Intelligence Quotient but can also acquire more than one language fluently. Early Intervention with appropriate amplification of residual hearing is underscored as the fundamental prerequisite for children with bilateral congenital profound sensorineural hearing loss, for subsequent acquisition of good listening and normal speech-language skills and plausible bilingualism; that further equips them with scholastic achievements comparable to their hearing peers. The past half century has witnessed stupendous technological enhancements in amplification devices manufactured for children having hearing loss, complemented by steady success in fostering their Inclusive Education. This paper highlights the urgent need in Pakistan to address this issue as well as the importance of early detection, diagnosis, and (re)habilitation along with parent training initiated within the first year of life. An otherwise anticipated disabling condition may be overcome completely if neonatal screening, which is not only inexpensive but also easy to perform; is made mandatory at all hospitals and maternity homes, as practiced in the developed world. This shall ease the challenges faced by the families of children having hearing loss; and enable the professionals working with them to successfully alleviate their communicative, social, educational and vocational difficulties, and ensure that they become successfully contributing members of our verbal society.

scholarly journals The State of Specific Immunity to Measles and Rubella Virus in Newborns and their mothers

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Tikhonova ◽  
O. V. Tsvirkun ◽  
A. G. Gerasimova ◽  
A. A. Basov ◽  
R. A. Frolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
The State ◽  
First Year ◽  
Specific Immunity ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
And Control

Objective: evaluate the passive specific immunity to measles and rubella in newborns and their mothers. Materials and metods: a study was made by the ELISA of the state of specific immunity to measles and rubella in 226 puerperas aged 15 to 44 without taking into account the vaccination status and their newborns in maternity hospitals in Moscow and Moscow Region. Results - the seropositive of measles proportion - 73.9 ± 2.9%, the rubella - 84.5 ± 2.4%. Comparison of the results of the study of immunity to rubella in puerperas and newborns with the results of previous years did not reveal any significant differences. The results of the examination of 226 newborns for the presence of antibodies to the rubella virus showed that the proportion of seropositive measles to the virus turned out to be 177 (78.3 ± 2.7%) children, rubella - 83.6 ± 2.4%, comparable to results of a survey of their mothers. Conclusion: high level of protection of the puerperas and their newborns from these infections. However, the organization and carrying out of vaccinations requires increased attention and control, since only high and timely coverage with vaccinations will prevent the increase in the incidence of infection when meeting with the pathogen of infection, including children of the first year of life.

scholarly journals Analysis of the health status of children of the first year of life

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
R.V. Marushko ◽  
◽  
О.О. Dudina ◽  
T.L. Marushko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Negative Trend ◽  
Child Health Service ◽  
First Year ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Year Of Life

Ukraine entered the 21st century with one of the worst vital signs in Europe and the burden of many socio-economic and demographic problems. Adverse quantitative and especially qualitative indicators of population reproduction have become stable. Therefore, the most important medical and social task and one of the main activities of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine is the formation and maintenance of public health. The defining stage in the formation of human health is the first year of life. Purpose — to study the state and trends of changes in the main indicators of the health of children in the first year of life for the period 2000–2019. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the incidence of children in the first year of life, infant mortality, over the past 20 years in the context of individual pathological conditions is carried out. The information base of the study was the data of state and industry statistics for 2000–2019. Methods of a systematic approach, statistical data processing, epidemiological analysis of graphic images were used. Results. The study revealed that the unfavorable demographic situation in Ukraine is accompanied by an unsatisfactory state of the main predictors of a healthy start in the life of infants, the formation and maintenance of their health. Over the past two decades, there has been a high level with a negative trend of diseases of the reproductive system of women, a high frequency of the combination of pregnancy and extragenital diseases remains. There is a negative trend towards an increase in the generalized objective criterion of the health of the generation, which is born and the socio-economic well-being of the population — the frequency of premature, low birth weight, incl. With very low birth weight. Only thanks to the introduction of modern medical organizational technologies with proven efficiency in the activities of the maternal and child health service was it possible to achieve a decrease in the incidence of newborns from 280.8 per 1000 live births in 2000 up to 172.14 in 2019. At the same time, the increase in the incidence of newborns with diseases that have a direct impact on the development of chronic and disabling diseases at all stages of life is of concern — congenital pneumonia, neonatal sepsis, other disorders of the cerebral status of the newborn, neonatal jaundice. According to the assessment of the dynamics of the general morbidity of children in the first year of life, its level is still high, with a positive trend — 2018.8 per 1000 children who reached 1 year in 2000 and 1393.1 in 2019, the growth rate is -30.9% with a traditionally leading position in the level and structure of the incidence of respiratory diseases — 810.2 per 1000 children who have reached one year of life and 58.15%, certain conditions occurring in perinatal period — 126.7 ‰ and 9.06%, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue — 63.9‰ and 4.59%, diseases of the blood and hematopoietic organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism — 63.0‰ and 4.52%. Conclusions. The positive dynamics of morbidity in children of the first year of life is confirmed by a decrease in infant mortality from its maximum level of 11.9 per 1000 live births in 2000 up to 7.0 in 2019, the growth rate is -41.2% due to all its components with a more intensive reduction in postneonatal mortality from 5.28‰ to 2.57‰, the growth rate is -51.3% against the background of an increase in the concentration of mortality in the neonatal period from 55.9% to 64.5%, respectively. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: newborns, children of the first year of life, low birthweight newborns, morbidity, infant mortality.

The Design and Construction of the Chinipas Slope Pipeline Crossing

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostino Napolitano ◽  
Guido Guidotti ◽  
Andrea Marsili ◽  
Alessandro Fabbri ◽  
Marco Menichetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Science ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Steep Slope ◽  
The State ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Pipeline Project ◽  
The University ◽  
Steep Slopes

SAIPEM has been awarded the engineering, procurement and construction of “El Encino - Topolobampo” Natural Gas Pipeline Project in Mexico. The 30” pipeline begins in El Encino, in the state of Chihuahua, and terminates in Topolobampo, in the state of Sinaloa. It runs in a West-South West direction perpendicularly crossing the “Sierra Madre Occidental”, a mountain range characterized by uneven morphology with deep and narrow valleys and steep slopes. Near the village of Santa Matilde, before reaching the Chinipas River, the pipeline route has to overcome a 150 meters high steep slope on the left side of the valley of Chinipas. This slope features a sub vertical rocky cliff with a 55 meters drop in the upper section. A trenchless crossing of the slope was designed and executed to safely cross the steep slope by means of raise borer and tunnel. Since the area was nearly inaccessible, SAIPEM, for the first time in the design of a trenchless crossing of slopes, has performed the geomechanical study using a remote sensing process based on the Structure from Motion (SfM) technique for a three-dimensional reconstruction of the outcrop of the cliff. The activity has been carried out in collaboration with the Department of Earth, Life and Environmental Science of the University of Urbino. The results of the study led to the optimization of the trenchless geometry maintaining the raise bore into the competent rock avoiding frequent lithological variations critical during the drilling and identifying a suitable tunnel entrance location.

EVALUATION OF THE ROUTINE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF INFANTS IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE: REVIEW

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 960-962
Author(s):  
Clarence H. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life Review ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Routine Physical Examination ◽  
First Year Of Life

In view of the fact that this reviewer has spent a considerable part of his professional career rendering the type of service which Dr. Anderson decries as unnecessary, it is difficult to review the article without doing what the author found difficult to avoid, which is to be swayed by preconceptions. It is hoped that the author will temper his bias with the reviewer's bias to bring conclusions and recommendations out of the study which the figures justify and which are nearer the middle of the road. There are physicians in pediatrics who consider regular examination of infants and children to be desirable and productive; there are physicians who prefer that a variety of methods be used in pediatrics until it is fully demonstrated that one is superior to the other and do not wish to be forced into a "new pediatrics" unless it is demonstrably better; and, there are parents who bring their babies to pediatricians for reasons other than those mentioned, i.e., for treatment or prevention of abnormal conditions. Their babies are precious commodities and they wish to know that the babies do not have abnormalities but also want reassurance that they are caring for the babies properly, affording them attention and supervision which is not just good but is superior, and being good parents who are helping their babies in every way to develop the best of their potentials. Herein lies an innate difference between public health and private health in pediatrics which seems to have been highly desirable to pediatricians and parents in the past.

Paleoenvironmental reconstruction in La Paz Bay, Gulf of California: Evidence from δ18O in Chione californiensis

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110665
Author(s):  
Fernando Arenas ◽  
Harumi Fujita ◽  
Alberto Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
First Year ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stable Oxygen ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Bivalve Shells

Oceanic characteristics of the Holocene are used to understand climatic patterns and phenomena that affect marine and human communities. Likewise, past marine conditions can be reconstructed from surface sea temperature (SST), using stable oxygen isotopes in bivalve shells. The objective of this study was to calculate Holocene summer SSTs for La Paz Bay, by analyzing δ18O of 14C dated bivalve shells ( Chione californiensis) from a Holocene camp site located in Cañada de La Enfermería, Baja California Sur, México. Aragonite was extracted from the shells’ umbo, representing the summer growth season during the first year of life. δ18O value of C. californiensis is −1.9 ± 0.1‰ at present, and varied between −1.3‰ and −2.6‰ during the last 9 ky. In 9469 BP, 8396 BP, and 7708 BP, δ18O values were similar to those of the present. In 7857 BP, 7805 BP, and 7804 BP, δ18O was 18O depleted (0.6–0.9‰), indicating warmer summer SSTs versus the present. In 7070 BP, 6945 BP, and 2087 BP, δ18O was enriched in 18O (0.3–0.4‰), suggesting colder SSTs versus the present. This study coincides with other paleotemperature studies for the region and allows us to address the effect of changing SST on this marine resource, its use by human communities of the past, and its effects on human presence in the area with respect to climate variability.

Postnatal Development of the Internal Auditory Canal Studied by Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Measurement

1995 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsushi Sakashita ◽  
Isamu Sando
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Internal Auditory Canal ◽  
First Year ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Temporal Bones

Postnatal development of the internal auditory canal (IAC) was investigated in 20 normal human temporal bones obtained from individuals 1 month to 72 years old. Computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement of bones showed that the superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior walls of the IAC lengthen significantly from birth until about 10 years of age, with development mainly attributable to lengthening of the part of the IAC medial to the foramen singulare. The lengths of the part of the IAC lateral to the foramen singulare and of the transverse crest and Bill's bar did not appear to develop postnatally. The IAC diameter increased slightly at the porus for about the first year after birth, but not at the fundus or the middle portion of the canal. This finding was confirmed by studying the shape of the IAC. Postnatal increases in the volume of the IAC followed patterns similar to that of increases in length of the IAC walls. These results show that postnatally the IAC increases significantly in length until about 10 years of age and slightly in diameter until about 1 year of age, especially medial to the foramen singulare. This concentration of growth of the IAC medially implies that its postnatal development is mainly due to growth of the bone around the otic capsule, which has implications for IAC surgery.

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