scholarly journals Physical therapy of the early non-motorized violations to slow the progression of Parkinson's disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
А. I. Labinskiy ◽  
G. B. Labinska
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Objective State ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
The Brain

The authors developed and applied the original complex of innovative combined physical therapy of non-motor manifestations of the early stages of Parkinson's disease to slow its progression. Applied concomitant treatments affect some parts of the etiology and pathogenesis of non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease. In particular, hirudotherapy restores the rheological properties of blood without side effects characteristic of known anticoagulants; helps to restore tissue trophism, in particular the brain. Nutritional correction prevents the development of digestive disorders. The main principles of such nutrition were: 1. The role of antioxidant saturation of the diet for the correction of metabolism. 2. The value of increasing the number of "ballasts" in the diet. 3. "Free mode" of food intake (at the request of the organism), taking into account the human biorhythms (daily, seasonal and psychological). 4. The need for periodic short-term fasting - as a method of cleansing the body. 5. The need for separate power. Manual therapy in the variant proposed by the authors prevents the vertebral component of the destructive processes in the brain. After the use of combined physical therapy, an improvement in the objective state of patients with Parkinson's disease was noted. According to the study, non-motor symptoms on the scale of autonomic disorders and non-motor symptoms (NMSS) were statistically significantly less pronounced in all patients examined in the group of patients using the developed complex of physical therapy compared to the group of patients without using the developed complex of physical therapy. Considering the improvement of the objective state of patients after the applied physical treatment, we can recommend the indicated therapeutic technique for the complex treatment of early non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease, slowing its progression and improving the effectiveness of existing modern treatment regimens of the studied pathology.

scholarly journals Dynamic changes in the CD163+ and CCR2+ peripheral monocytes during Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Konstantin Nissen ◽  
Kristine Farmen ◽  
Mikkel Carstensen ◽  
Claudia Schulte ◽  
David Goldeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Classical Monocytes

AbstractBackgroundAlpha-synuclein aggregates and accumulation are associated with immune activation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease. The immune activation is not only dependent on the brain-resident microglial cells but also involves peripheral immune cells, such as mononuclear phagocytes including monocytes and dendritic cells, found in the blood as well as infiltrated into the brain. Understanding the involvement of the peripheral immune component in Parkinson’s disease is essential for the development of immunomodulatory treatment, which might modify disease progression. We aimed to study the profile of circulating mononuclear phagocytes in early- and late-stage Parkinson’s disease by analyzing surface-expressed molecules related to phagocytosis, alpha-synuclein sensing, and tissue-migration.MethodsMulti-color flow cytometry on peripheral mononuclear cells from cross-sectional samples of 80 gender-balance individuals with early- and late-stage sporadic Parkinson’s disease, and 29 controls, as well as longitudinal samples from seven patients and one control. Cells were delineated into natural killer cells, monocyte subtypes, and dendritic cells with cell frequencies and surface marker expressions compared between patients and controls, and correlated with standardized clinical motor and non-motor scores.ResultsOverall, we found elevated frequencies and surface levels of markers related to migration (CCR2, CD11b) and phagocytosis (CD163) particularly on the elevated classical and intermediate monocytes in patients with Parkinson’s disease for less than five years. This corresponded to a decrease of non-classical monocytes and dendritic cells. We observed an increased HLA-DR expression late in disease and sexual-dimorphism with TLR-4 expression decreased in women with PD but not in males. The disease-associated immune changes on TLR4, CCR2, and CD11b were correlated with non-motor symptoms such as olfaction or cognition. While many alterations were normalized at late disease stage, other changes remained, such as the increased HLA-DR and CD163 expressions.ConclusionsOur data highlight a role for peripheral CD163+ and migration-competent classical monocytes in Parkinson’s disease. The study further suggests that the peripheral immune system is dynamically altered in Parkinson’s disease stages and directly related to both non-motor symptoms and the sex-bias of the disease.

scholarly journals The Gut–Brain Axis and Its Relation to Parkinson’s Disease: A Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. Klann ◽  
Upuli Dissanayake ◽  
Anjela Gurrala ◽  
Matthew Farrer ◽  
Aparna Wagle Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Abnormal Gait ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
The Brain

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein protein (Lewy bodies) in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and other related circuitry, which contribute to the development of both motor (bradykinesia, tremors, stiffness, abnormal gait) and non-motor symptoms (gastrointestinal issues, urinogenital complications, olfaction dysfunction, cognitive impairment). Despite tremendous progress in the field, the exact pathways and mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of this disease remain unclear. However, recent research suggests a potential relationship between the commensal gut bacteria and the brain capable of influencing neurodevelopment, brain function and health. This bidirectional communication is often referred to as the microbiome–gut–brain axis. Accumulating evidence suggests that the onset of non-motor symptoms, such as gastrointestinal manifestations, often precede the onset of motor symptoms and disease diagnosis, lending support to the potential role that the microbiome–gut–brain axis might play in the underlying pathological mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease. This review will provide an overview of and critically discuss the current knowledge of the relationship between the gut microbiota and Parkinson’s disease. We will discuss the role of α-synuclein in non-motor disease pathology, proposed pathways constituting the connection between the gut microbiome and the brain, existing evidence related to pre- and probiotic interventions. Finally, we will highlight the potential opportunity for the development of novel preventative measures and therapeutic options that could target the microbiome–gut–brain axis in the context of Parkinson’s disease.

Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and classification of parkinsonisms

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-114
Author(s):  
Valentina Gallo ◽  
Honglei Chen ◽  
Neil Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Degenerative Disorders ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

This chapter discusses Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is primarily characterized by motor symptoms; these include bradykinesia with rigidity and/or rest tremor according to the latest diagnostic criteria. Dr James Parkinson noted that the disease came on gradually, beginning in the hands and arms before moving through the rest of the body, and observed the weariness, inconvenience, and anguish it provoked in its victims. Nowadays, an increasingly more prominent role is being given to non-motor symptoms of PD; efforts are accordingly being made to produce a reclassification of clinical subtypes. Parkinsonism is principally divided into primary and secondary types. While potential causes of secondary parkinsonism should always be investigated and, when possible, treated, primary parkinsonism embraces a number of neurodegenerative disorders of multifactorial origin. The most common type of primary parkinsonism is PD. Another group of degenerative disorders is labelled atypical parkinsonism. The designation ‘atypical’ mainly refers to the poor levodopa response and the early manifestation of additional clinical features such as ophthalmoparesis, dysautonomia, apraxia, or dementia. Finally, the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism also encompasses a wide range of rare hereditary degenerative disorders that should be taken into account if the clinical presentation is not typical.

α-Synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease: Does a Prion-Like Mechanism of Propagation from Periphery to the Brain Play a Role?

2020 ◽  
pp. 107385842094318
Author(s):  
Huimin Zheng ◽  
Changhe Shi ◽  
Haiyang Luo ◽  
Liyuan Fan ◽  
Zhihua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Lewy Neurites ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
The Brain

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, defined as motor and non-motor symptoms associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons and a decreased release of dopamine (DA). Currently, PD patients are believed to have a neuropathological basis denoted by the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) or Lewy neurites (LNs), which mostly comprise α-synuclein (α-syn) inclusions. Remarkably, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that the inclusions undergo template-directed aggregation and propagation via template-directed among the brain and peripheral organs, mainly in a prion-like manner. Interestingly, some studies reported that an integral loop was reminiscent of the mechanism of Parkinson’s disease, denoting that α-syn as prionoid was transmitted from the periphery to the brain via specific pathways. Also the systematic life cycle of α-syn in the cellular level is illustrated. In this review, we critically assess landmark evidence in the field of Parkinson’s disease with a focus on the genesis and prion-like propagation of the α-syn pathology. The anatomical and cell-to-cell evidences are discussed to depict the theory behind the propagation and transferred pathways. Furthermore, we highlight effective therapeutic perspectives and clinical trials targeting prion-like mechanisms. Major controversies surrounding this topic are also discussed.

Exploring the Use of Intracranial and Extracranial (Remote) Photobiomodulation Devices in Parkinson’s Disease: A Comparison of Direct and Indirect Systemic Stimulations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Johnstone ◽  
Catherine Hamilton ◽  
Luke C. Gordon ◽  
Cecile Moro ◽  
Napoleon Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
The Brain

In recent times, photobiomodulation has been shown to be beneficial in animal models of Parkinson’s disease, improving locomotive behavior and being neuroprotective. Early observations in people with Parkinson’s disease have been positive also, with improvements in the non-motor symptoms of the disease being evident most consistently. Although the precise mechanisms behind these improvements are not clear, two have been proposed: direct stimulation, where light reaches and acts directly on the distressed neurons, and remote stimulation, where light influences cells and/or molecules that provide systemic protection, thereby acting indirectly on distressed neurons. In relation to Parkinson’s disease, given that the major zone of pathology lies deep in the brain and that light from an extracranial or external photobiomodulation device would not reach these vulnerable regions, stimulating the distressed neurons directly would require intracranial delivery of light using a device implanted close to the vulnerable regions. For indirect systemic stimulation, photobiomodulation could be applied to either the head and scalp, using a transcranial helmet, or to a more remote body part (e.g., abdomen, leg). In this review, we discuss the evidence for both the direct and indirect neuroprotective effects of photobiomodulation in Parkinson’s disease and propose that both types of treatment modality, when working together using both intracranial and extracranial devices, provide the best therapeutic option.

scholarly journals The Parkinson’s Real-World Impact Assessment (PRISM) Study: A European Survey of the Burden of Parkinson’s Disease in Patients and their Carers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Eduardo Tolosa ◽  
Georg Ebersbach ◽  
Joaquim J. Ferreira ◽  
Olivier Rascol ◽  
Angelo Antonini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Real World ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

Background: A greater understanding of the everyday experiences of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their carers may help improve clinical practice. Objective: The Parkinson’s Real-world Impact assesSMent (PRISM) study evaluated medication use, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the use of healthcare resources by people with PD and their carers. Methods: PRISM is an observational cross-sectional study, in which people with PD and their carers completed an online survey using structured questionnaires, including the Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ-39), Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (NMSQuest) and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Results: Data were collected from 861 people with PD (mean age, 65.0 years; mean disease duration, 7.7 years) and 256 carers from six European countries. People with PD reported a large number of different co-morbidities, non-motor symptoms (mean NMSQuest score, 12.8), and impaired HRQoL (median PDQ-39 summary score, 29.1). Forty-five percent of people with PD reported at least one impulse control behaviour. Treatment patterns varied considerably between different European countries. Levodopa was taken in the last 12 months by 85.9% of participants, and as monotherapy by 21.8% . Carers, who were mostly female (64.8%) and the partner/spouse of the person with PD (82.1%), reported mild to moderate burden (mean ZBI total score, 26.6). Conclusions: The PRISM study sheds light on the lives of people with PD and those who care for them, re-emphasising the many challenges they face in everyday life. The study also provides insights into the current treatment of PD in Europe.

scholarly journals Study of cognitive impairment and genetic polymorphism of SLC41A1 (rs11240569 allele) in Parkinson’s disease in Upper Egypt: case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdy N. El-Tallawy ◽  
Tahia H. Saleem ◽  
Wafaa M. Farghaly ◽  
Heba Mohamed Saad Eldien ◽  
Ashraf Khodaery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
And Control ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative disorders that is caused by genetic and environmental factors or interaction between them. Solute carrier family 41 member 1 within the PARK16 locus has been reported to be associated with Parkinson’s disease. Cognitive impairment is one of the non-motor symptoms that is considered a challenge in Parkinson’s disease patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of rs11240569 polymorphism; a synonymous coding variant in SLC41A1 in Parkinson’s disease patients in addition to the assessment of cognitive impairment in those patients. Results In a case -control study, rs11240569 single nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC41A1, genes were genotyped in 48 Parkinson’s disease patients and 48 controls. Motor and non-motor performance in Parkinson's disease patients were assessed by using the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). The genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the two groups and revealed no significant differences between case and control groups for rs11240569 in SLC41A1 gene with P value .523 and .54, respectively. Cognition was evaluated and showed the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of WAIS score of PD patients 80.4 ± 9.13 and the range was from 61 to 105, in addition to MMSE that showed mean ± SD 21.96 ± 3.8. Conclusion Genetic testing of the present study showed that rs11240569 polymorphism of SLC41A1 gene has no significant differences in distributions of alleles and genotypes between cases and control group, in addition to cognitive impairment that is present in a large proportion of PD patients and in addition to the strong correlation between cognitive impairment and motor and non-motor symptoms progression.

scholarly journals Weeding through the haze: a survey on cannabis use among people living with Parkinson’s disease in the US

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan P. Feeney ◽  
Danny Bega ◽  
Benzi M. Kluger ◽  
A. Jon Stoessl ◽  
Christiana M. Evers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
The Us ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

AbstractSymptomatic management of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is complex and many symptoms, especially non-motor symptoms, are not effectively addressed with current medications. In the US, cannabis has become more widely available for medical and recreational use, permitting those in the PD community to try alternative means of symptom control. However, little is known about the attitudes towards, and experiences with, cannabis use among those living with PD. To address this shortcoming, we distributed an anonymous survey to 7,607 people with PD in January 2020 and received 1339 responses (17.6%). 1064 complete responses were available for analysis. Respondents represented 49 states with a mean age of 71.2 years (±8.3) and mean PD duration of 7.4 years (±6.2). About a quarter of respondents (24.5%) reported cannabis use within the previous six months. Age and gender were found to be predictors of cannabis use in this sample (Age OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.97; Male OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.03). Users reported learning about cannabis use from the internet/news (30.5%) and friends or other people with PD (26.0%). Cannabis users were more likely to report insufficient control of their non-motor symptoms with prescription medications than non-users (p = 0.03). Cannabis was primarily used for PD (63.6%) and was most often used to treat nonmotor symptoms of anxiety (45.5%), pain (44.0%), and sleep disorders (44.0%). However, nearly a quarter of users (23.0%) also reported they had stopped cannabis use in the previous six months, primarily due to a lack of symptom improvement (35.5%). Three quarters of respondents (75.5%) did not use cannabis, primarily because there was a lack of scientific evidence supporting efficacy (59.9%). Our results suggest that the lack of formal guidance or research evidence about cannabis for PD may in part underlie inconsistencies in both use and reported effectiveness.

scholarly journals A mobile app for tracking non-motor symptoms of people with Parkinson’s disease: A usability study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 890-890
Author(s):  
JuHee Lee ◽  
Yujin Suh ◽  
Yielin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Telephone Counseling ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Hand Tremor ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

Abstract Smart phone-based technology for people with Parkinson’s disease has been developed worldwide. Unmonitored non-motor symptoms decrease quality of life of people with Parkinson’s disease, so the needs for technology to manage non-motor symptoms are increasing. The technology is needed to detect subtle changes in non-motor symptoms by healthcare professional. There is no mobile app which manage comprehensive symptoms of Parkinson’s disease including non-motor symptoms. It is necessary to develop a new tracking system that can effectively manage non-motor symptoms as well as motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. We developed a prototype of mobile app for Android smartphones, with cooperation with Mazelone company. we also have shaped functions for monitoring of motor symptoms and medication adherence. It also provided a section for caregivers to use on behalf of people with Parkinson’s disease who have difficulty to use app due to hand tremor. Through Delphi technique, we obtained content validity from eight medical and nursing experts on the contents of the application. We provided regular telephone counseling to improve and encourage their app usage. Fifteen participants used the app for 6 weeks. To evaluate usability of mobile app, we provided constructed questionnaire and conducted individual telephone interview. A mobile app for tracking non-motor symptoms demonstrated high usability and satisfaction. We learned lessons about facilitators and barriers when implementing an app such as perception and acceptance of mobile technology. The mobile app will improve continuum of care. Future studies need to improve the contents and refine technical approach for people with Parkinson’s disease.

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