scholarly journals Armia Czerwona w 1920 roku. Organizacja, stany osobowe, działalność propagandowa ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem frontu polskiego w świetle wybranych źródeł i polskich opracowań wywiadowczych

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Dariusz Radziwiłłowicz
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
National Sovereignty ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Communist Revolution ◽  
River Line ◽  
Commander In Chief

The Polish-Soviet War, which took place between 1919 and 1920, remains one of the most dramatic, yet also one of the brightest pages in the history of the Polish military. Not only did the Polish army achieve a spectacular victory that ensured Poland’s sovereignty and unrestrained development, but also, according to many historians and politicians, saved Europe from the flood of communism. Apart from the famous Battle of Warsaw, the warfare that lasted from February 1919 to October 1920 included the Kiev Offensive, the Battle of Komarów and the Battle of the Niemen River. The war with the Bolshevists was not just a conflict over the borders, but also concerned the preservation of national sovereignty, threatened by the Bolshevists' attempts to spread the communist revolution throughout Europe. The intention of the Polish side, on the other hand, was to separate the nations occupying the regions to the west and south of Russia and to connect them with Poland through close federal ties. The fate of the war was finally decided in August 1920 at the gates of Warsaw. The Polish Army, following the operational plans of the High Command approved by Józef Piłsudski, the Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Army, pushed the Red Army east past the Neman River line with a surprising counter-attack. This battle saved Poland's independence and forced the Bolshevists to cancel their plans to spread the communist revolution to the countries of Central and Western Europe.

Soviet Policy Toward Germany During the Russo-Polish War, 1920

Slavic Review ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Himmer
Keyword(s):  
Weimar Republic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
German Government ◽  
Soviet Policy ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Communist Revolution ◽  
Soviet Russia

The Russo-Polish War occasioned some of the most anxious moments in the history of relations between Soviet Russia and the Weimar Republic. Within Germany, the advance of the Red Army toward Warsaw in 1920 aroused strong, but contradictory emotions. First, it led many Germans to anticipate the destruction of Poland and to hope for the restoration of the Reich’s former eastern territories. Simultaneously, however, the westward Russian march raised fears of the invasion of Germany by Bolshevik forces. Within Russia, a similar dichotomy of views about Germany existed. On one hand, the German government was considered a hostile, though negligible and temporary—a Communist revolution there was thought imminent—factor in Russia’s situation. On the other, Germany was held important enough to Russia that serious proposals of a far-reaching alliance against Poland and the Entente were made to her. The former view rested on a fundamentally optimistic assessment of Russia’s prospects; the latter, on a sober one. Grounds for concern were afforded by the Soviet Republic’s grave economic problems and by worry about whether the weary Red Army could defeat Pilsudski’s forces, whose offensive capacity had been demonstrated by their capture of Kiev in May 1920. If Germany, which had had military forces in the field against the Bolsheviks only a year before, should actively assist the Poles, Russia’s situation could be appreciably worsened. Surprisingly, therefore, although there are several recent, excellent studies of Soviet-Polish affairs and the Russo-Polish War, and a voluminous literature on relations between the Soviets and the Weimar Republic, little attention has been paid to Soviet policy toward Germany during the conflict with Poland. To explain that policy, and its apparent contradiction, is the purpose of this article.

scholarly journals Foucault: Madness and Surveillance in Warsaw

2018 ◽  
pp. 174-190
Author(s):  
Piotr Sobolczyk
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
The West ◽  
Biographical Data ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Polish Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Communist Countries

The paper revises the biographical data about Michel Foucault’s stay in Poland in 1958-1959. The main inspiration comes from the recent very well documented literary reportage book by Remigiusz Ryziński, Foucault in Warsaw. Ryziński’s aim is to present the data and tell the story, not to analyse the data within the context of Foucault’s work. This paper fulfills this demand by giving additional hypotheses as to why Polish authorities expelled Foucault from Poland and what the relation was between communism and homosexuality. The Polish experience, the paper compels, might have been inspiring for many of Foucault’s ideas in his Madness and Civilization, Discipline and Punish, and The History of Sexuality. On the other hand the author points to the fact that Foucault recognized the difference between the role of the intellectual in the West and in communist countries but did not elaborate on it. In this paper the main argument deals with the idea of sexual paranoia as decisive, which is missing in Foucault's works, although it is found in e.g. Guy Hocquenghem.

The Sense of the Horizon

Philosophy ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 301-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Delisle Burns
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
The West ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Form ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Middle Ages

Not for the first time in the history of our tradition, we are conscious of the defects of our inheritance and look doubtfully forward to a future whose structure we can hardly surmise. There was a Decline of the West in the first years of our era and again at the close of the Middle Ages. Now once more the beliefs and customs are shaken, on which our tradition is based; and there is no certainty that we shall carry forward what that tradition has so far achieved into a new form of civilized life. But, on the other hand, there is no reason to suppose that Western Civilization will disappear.

scholarly journals Foucault: Madness and Surveillance in Warsaw

2018 ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Piotr Sobolczyk
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
The West ◽  
Biographical Data ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Polish Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Communist Countries

The paper revises the biographical data about Michel Foucault’s stay in Poland in 1958-1959. The main inspiration comes from the recent very well documented literary reportage book by Remigiusz Ryziński, Foucault in Warsaw. Ryziński’s aim is to present the data and tell the story, not to analyse the data within the context of Foucault’s work. This paper fulfills this demand by giving additional hypotheses as to why Polish authorities expelled Foucault from Poland and what the relation was between communism and homosexuality. The Polish experience, the paper compels, might have been inspiring for many of Foucault’s ideas in his Madness and Civilization, Discipline and Punish, and The History of Sexuality. On the other hand the author points to the fact that Foucault recognized the difference between the role of the intellectual in the West and in communist countries but did not elaborate on it. In this paper the main argument deals with the idea of sexual paranoia as decisive, which is missing in Foucault's works, although it is found in e.g. Guy Hocquenghem.

scholarly journals Freemasonry and the Orient

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara De Poli
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The West ◽  
The Core ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

The symbolic and historical dimension of the main founding archetypes of Freemasonry – the Orient with a special focus on Egypt – are at the core of this book, which aims to recover the red thread with which masons tie together Masonry and Oriental esotericism. If, on the one hand, the Author points out mystifications and inventions that have characterised part of the Masonic narrative on its origins; on the other hand, she unearths the history of real contaminations and intersections between esotericism of the East and the West, digging up the common matrix that nourished them.

scholarly journals The Cemeteries and Grave Finds of Győr and Moson Counties from the Time of the Hungarian Conquest and the Early Árpádian Age

2013 ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
Ciprián Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Present Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Phd Thesis

Abstract of PhD thesis submitted in 2013 to the Archaeology Doctoral Programme, Doctoral School of History, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest under the supervision of Tivadar Vida. The dissertation examines the burials of the territory of two counties, Győr and Moson in the west of the Hungarian Principality in the age of the Hungarian Conquest, and the Hungarian Kingdom in the Early Árpádian Age. Their analysis will be the ground for sketching the picture of the territory in the 10th-11th centuries. First the period’s sites are presented, then the assessment of individual phenomena and object types follows, providing ground for the examinations of the history of settlements, which partly leads through the examination of the borderland character of the territory. The territory of the former two counties forms the geographical frames. The temporal frames are formed by, on the one hand, the occupation of Transdanubia in – according to our present knowledge – 900 and on the other hand, the end of the 11th century and the beginning of the 12th century.

The Aramaic Dialect(s) of the Toldot Yeshu Fragments

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Smelik
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
The West ◽  
Artificial Mixture ◽  
Grammatical Analysis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Textual History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hybrid Construction

Abstract The Aramaic fragments of the Toldot Yeshu have long been recognized as the oldest version of this polemical tradition which was translated, and elaborated, into many other languages, and transmitted throughout the centuries after its inception. The Aramaic dialect of these fragments has been described as an artificial mixture of Palestinian and Babylonian Aramaic. A grammatical analysis of each of these fragments reveals that they display the signs of an incomplete dialectal translation from Western to Eastern Aramaic, with conspicuous Western Aramaic morphemes in one fragment. On the other hand, the vast majority of the text of the other fragments is written in a blend of two Eastern Aramaic stocks, one literary type Aramaic which resembles that of Onqelos, and one more colloquial dialect which comes very close to Talmudic Aramaic. Finally, the hybrid construction of the agreement pronoun attached to the nota objecti, followed by the direct object marked by, suggests that the text received further linguistic updating in the West at a relatively late stage in the textual history of this tradition.

Fauriel and Modern Greek Poetry

PMLA ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Stavros Deligiorgis
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
German Romanticism ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Greek Poetry ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of

AN important chapter in the history of modern Greek poetry was opened by Claude-Charles Fauriel.1 He circulated a well-organized body of popular verse, fragments of which were known in western Europe to only a few travellers before him, and, of course, to Goethe.2 Yet modern Greek criticism has been ungenerous to him. Although no modern edition of Greek demotic songs can begin without acknowledging his ground-breaking contributions, his editing has been characterized as lacking fidelity,3 and his motives “naturally, indebted to the ideas of German romanticism.”4 Herder's methodological outlook, and Goethe's seminal specimens of 1802 had a great deal to do with the spectacular success of Fauriel's two volumes. Versions of his work were made available in St. Petersburg, Leipzig, and London in 1825, the year of the original publication in Paris.6 On the other hand, neither Goethe's nor Fauriel's motives can be conceived apart from the strong philhellenic sentiment that had so much to do with the physical fate of that province of the Ottoman Empire called Greece. That movement did not differ, either in the kind of dreams that it evoked or in the numbers of romantic and romanticizing adherents that it set dreaming, from those movements that found the Corsicans and the Spanish “exotic” and the Americans “innocent.”

Problems of Western Europe

1949 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
Bernard Wall
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common People ◽  
Western Nation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Will ◽  
East And West

The following pages are based on the last six months of 1948 which the writer spent in England, France and Italy. During this period Marshall aid had begun to bear certain fruit. On the other hand the international situation, already bad at the opening of the period, had deteriorated cumulatively as time passed. The Berlin deadlock, a symbol of the will of East and West, continued as before; and not even the beginning of a solution was reached at the United Nations assembly in Paris in die autumn. All over Europe people were preoccupied widi the economic crisis; but also by the direat of a new war. A military committee composed of Great Britain, France and Benelux was formed in the autumn under the chairmanship of Marshal Montgomery. There remained problems about this committee's effectiveness as well as about the extent to which other proposals for Western union were practicable at present. While in each country in Western Europe common people and politicians are talking more about union than ever before, in practice separatist tendencies in each shrunken western nation are still at work and travel to, or independent contact with, neighboring countries is a far more difficult business today than it was in 1939.

On the Other Hand

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Freidin ◽  
Juan Uriagereka ◽  
David Berlinski
Keyword(s):  
Generative Grammar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of

The following remarks attempt to place Jean-Roger Vergnaud’s letter to Noam Chomsky and Howard Lasnik more centrally within the history of modern generative grammar from its inception to the present.

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