Promising sweet cherry varieties breed in I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
R. Ye. Bogdanov ◽  
A. N. Yushkov ◽  
N. N. Savel’eva ◽  
A. S. Zemisov ◽  
V. V. Chivilyov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Central Chernozem Region ◽  
Taste Evaluation ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
The Given ◽  
Central Chernozem

On the basis of integrated assessment, sweet cherry varieties Yantarnaya Savel’yeva, Mulatka and Lika, characterized by relative winter resistance, complex resistance to moniliosis and coccomicosis, were revealed. The given varieties are promising for commercial use in the southern part of the Central chernozem region. The degree of freezing of wood and vegetative buds after artificial freezing at –35 °C (II component) did not exceed 2.3 points and 1.6 points, respectively. In the field conditions, the degree of damage of these varieties to monilial burn was no more than 0.3 points, to coccomycosis it was 0.7 points, to monilial fruit rot it was 1.3 points. The yielding capacity of these varieties varied from 6.01 to 7.12 t/ha depending on the variety, which amounted to 123.7-146.5 % of the control. Variety were characterized by high commodity-consumer qualities of fruits. The average fruit weight was 5.1-7.1 g, and the overall taste evaluation was 4.6-4.8 points.

scholarly journals Sweet cherry competitive varieties for the horticulture of the Krasnodar Territory

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
R. Sh. Zaremuk ◽  
Yu. A. Dolya
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Breeding ◽  
New Varieties

Creation of new varieties that combine a complex of valuable traits, incl. the marketability and quality of fruits for updating the assortment of sweet cherry is an urgent direction of breeding research. The paper presents the results of a long-term work on the assessment of 12 varieties of sweet cherries of domestic and foreign breeding according to the main parameters of marketability and quality of fruits. The studies were carried out in 2015–2020 on the basis of the «Tsentralnoye» experimental production farm of the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking. As a result of regional breeding and long-term variety study sweet cherry varieties of local breeding (Alaya, Volshebnitsa, Chernie glaza) and introduced varieties (Anonce, Vasilisa, Kroupnoplodnaya, Sweet Heart, Skina) with larger fruits (fruit weight of 8.5–12.0 g) were identified. These varieties correspond to world marketability standards. Varieties with high biochemical parameters have been revealed: vitamin C (10.9–13.0 mg/100 g) Volshebnitsa, Podarok leta, Anonce; vitamin P (81.6–116.0 mg/100 g) Volshebnitsa, Podarok leta, Kroupnoplodnaya; anthocyanins (213.5–390.0 mg/100 g) Madonna, Chernie glaza; sugars (14.2–15.2 %) Alaya, Volshebnitsa, Podarok leta; soluble solids (19.8–22.8 %) Alaya and Volshebnitsa. A greatest variation in parameters (Cv = 60 %) was noted in the number of anthocyanins from 87.0 in the Volshebnitsa variety to 390.0 mg/100 g in the Madonna variety. At the same time, the supposed direct correlation between the ripening period and the accumulation of sugars (R2 = 0.083) and dry matter (R2 = 0.107) was not revealed, due primarily to the varietal specifics and year conditions. For modern technologies of the production of high-quality cherry products in the south of the country, domestic varieties Krasnaya devitsa, Volshebnitsa, Alaya, introduced varieties Anonce, Kroupnoplodnaya, Sweet Heart and Skina, stably bearing fruit under stress conditions, with a yield of 20.0 t/ha with a planting scheme 5.3 m, high marketable and taste qualities were suggested. Super early ripening cherry variety Madonna was recommended to expand the regional cherry conveyor.

scholarly journals POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF SWEET CHERRY FRUITS AS AFFECTED BY BIOREGULATORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Kalajdžić ◽  
Biserka Milić ◽  
Mladen Petreš ◽  
Aleksandra Stankov ◽  
Mila Grahovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

During the cold storage of sweet cherry, severe losses can occur due to the water loss, phytopathogenic fungi and physiological disorders. The aim of this research was to assess the effects of treatments with NAA (α-naphthaleneacetic acid), BA (6-benzyladenine), and GA3 (gibberellic acid) on fruit quality at harvest and after 21 days of storage under two regimes, including 0°C, RH (relative humidity) 90% and 3°C, RH 70%, and after additional shelf life exposure. Sweet cherry cultivars – ‘Summit’, ‘Kordia’ and ‘Regina’ – were treated with bioregulators at the end of flowering. NAA significantly increased the fruit weight at harvest compared to the control in all cultivars assessed. BA stimulated the fruit growth in ‘Kordia’ and ‘Regina’, while it was ineffective in ‘Summit’. GA3 caused significant increase in fruit weight by 8.3% in ‘Kordia’ only. Moreover, BA and GA3 induced a higher firmness of fruits at harvest. Weight loss of fruits during storage at 0°C, RH 90%, was increased with NAA and reduced with GA3 in ‘Regina’ only. BA and GA3 reduced the weight loss of sweet cherry fruits stored at 3°C, RH 70%. Bioregulator treatments increased TA (titratable acidity) in fruits at harvest, while the effects on TA during storage were variable depending on the cultivar. ‘Summit’ had the highest sensitivity to storage fruit rot. BA and GA3 decreased the disease occurrence on fruits stored at 0°C in ‘Summit’ and ‘Kordia’.

А comprehensive assessment of the most promising varieties and forms of plum breeding in I. V. Michurin federal scientific center

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
R. Ye. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Plum Variety ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Plum Varieties ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

The purpose of the research was a comprehensive assessment of plum varieties and forms and revealing the most promising for commercial use. Plantations laid in the city of Michurinsk, Tambov region. The assessment of plum plants for frost resistance was carried out in the middle of winter (II component). The artificial freezing of l year old shoots was made in January during 12 hours at -38 °C. The least subfreezing of the wood (2.8 and 2.9) was observed in elite form 22-29 and control variety “Etyud”, respectively. The moderate resistance of tissues (the degree of injury not over 3) was observed in “Vengerka Kursakova” variety and elite form 29- 136. The subfreezing level of vegetative buds in all studied varieties and elite forms did not exceed 2.5. The freezing at -38°C causes complete death of generative organs in all accessions. On the background of mass development of fungal diseases during the growing season 2016 because of high humidity and a deficit of positive temperatures and on the base of visual registration in field – the high resistant forms to Clasterosporium (“Vengerka Kursakova”) and to Monilia (22-29) were singled out. The intensity of fungal diseases in given accessions did not exceed 2 points. The highest productivity (7.43 t/ha) averagely during the years of investigations was found in “Vengerka Kursakova” variety and the data exceeded substantially the control one. The highest fruit weight occurred to be in “Radost” and “Artistichnaya” varieties with 40.3 and 40.8 g respectively and maximum values 51.7-52.3 g. The large-fruited group included the varieties “Etyud”, “Vengerka Kursakova” and elite form 29-136 where the maximum weight varied from 38.1 to 41.6 g. The varieties “Vengerka Kursakova”, “Dubravnaya”, “Artistichnaya” distinguished by sweet and sour fruit taste (tasting, assessment 4.4) and high commodity-consumer qualities of fruits. A promising plum variety “Vengerka Kursakova”, for use in industrial plantations of the Central Black Earth Region, was identified.

DEN POBEDY IS THE NEW VARIETY OF APPLE TREE

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Е. N. Sedov ◽  
T. V. Yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Average Density ◽  
New Variety ◽  
State Register ◽  
Central Chernozem Region ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Main Color ◽  
Central Chernozem ◽  
Time Of Harvest ◽  
Medium Weight

In 2020, the 75th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War was celebrated. Many soldiers and did not survive to see the end of the war. It is important that people living now remember and honor those who gave their lives for the freedom and independence of our country and those who came from the war in difficult conditions to restore the national economy of the country. In memory of those who courageously defended the independence of our great country, we named a new apple cultivar ‘Den Pobedy’ (Victory Day), which took 33 years to create. In 2020, this cultivar was included in the State Register of breeding achievements and it is recommended for cultivation in the Central-Chernozem region including Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Lipetzk, Orel and Tambov regions. This cultivar was developed by crossing are quite commonly known winter cultivar ‘Veteran’ and foreign cultivar ‘Horcout’. Trees have a drooping crown. The main branches are curves. A characteristic feature of this cultivar is that the branches from the trunk depart at an angle close to straight. The main number of fruits is located on short fruit formations. Fruits are of medium weight (140 g), conical, wide-ribbed. The main color of the fruit at the time of harvest is greenish. The cover color occupies most of the surface of the fruit in the form of red blush. The fruit flesh is white, greenish of average density. The appearance (attractiveness) of the fruit is estimated at 4.4 points, and the taste - at 4.3 points (5-point rating). Fruits contain 14.7 % of sugars and 9.2 mg/100 g of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Harvest in Orel region is in mid-September, the consumer period of fruits is until mid-March. The cultivar regularly bears fruit and has high product and consumer qualities.

Development and Release of the Novel Near-oblate Butternuttype Squash Variety `Butterbowl'

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 472g-473
Author(s):  
D.P. Coyne ◽  
J.M. Reiser ◽  
D. Smith ◽  
L. Sutton ◽  
D. Lindgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
True Breeding ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Plant Habit ◽  
Winter Squash

`Butterbowl' (NE-RBN-4) is a novel, small-sized (0.8 to 1.36 kg), flavorful (sweet), early maturing (90–95 days), near-oblate butternut type winter squash variety (Cucurbita moschata Duch. Ex Poir). No Butternut squash variety is similar in shape to `Butterbowl'. `Butterbowl' (S6) was derived from selfing a near-oblate open-pollinated S4 line derived from a cross of two true breeding crookneck lines (allelic test) NE-BNCR-67-1-7 (mutant out of `Butternut 23') X golden Cushaw (Agway Co.). Total fruit yield and fruit weight of `Butterbowl' were nearly similar to Butternut `Ponca'. The total fruit weight of'Waltham' was greater than `Butterbowl' in two out of four trials. The vining habit of `Butterbowl' (1.7 to 2.0 m) is more compact than `Waltham' or `Ponca'. `Butterbowl' is suitable for small gardens with limited space due to its compact plant habit. No crookneck fruit developed in `Butterbowl' in all tests. `Butterbowl' is resistant to bacterial spot, black fruit rot, and vine borer while it is moderately susceptible to powdery mildew. `Butterbowl' fruit should be used for consumption up to 45 to 55 days after harvest because slight fruit shriveling occurs at that time due to moisture loss. The fruit cooks uniformally in a microwave oven due to its more uniform flesh thickness.

scholarly journals Multi-year analyses on three populations reveal the first stable QTLs for tolerance to rain-induced fruit cracking in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Quero-García ◽  
Philippe Letourmy ◽  
José Antonio Campoy ◽  
Camille Branchereau ◽  
Svetoslav Malchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

AbstractRain-induced fruit cracking is a major problem in sweet cherry cultivation. Basic research has been conducted to disentangle the physiological and mechanistic bases of this complex phenomenon, whereas genetic studies have lagged behind. The objective of this work was to disentangle the genetic determinism of rain-induced fruit cracking. We hypothesized that a large genetic variation would be revealed, by visual field observations conducted on mapping populations derived from well-contrasted cultivars for cracking tolerance. Three populations were evaluated over 7–8 years by estimating the proportion of cracked fruits for each genotype at maturity, at three different areas of the sweet cherry fruit: pistillar end, stem end, and fruit side. An original approach was adopted to integrate, within simple linear models, covariates potentially related to cracking, such as rainfall accumulation before harvest, fruit weight, and firmness. We found the first stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for cherry fruit cracking, explaining percentages of phenotypic variance above 20%, for each of these three types of cracking tolerance, in different linkage groups, confirming the high complexity of this trait. For these and other QTLs, further analyses suggested the existence of at least two-linked QTLs in each linkage group, some of which showed confidence intervals close to 5 cM. These promising results open the possibility of developing marker-assisted selection strategies to select cracking-tolerant sweet cherry cultivars. Further studies are needed to confirm the stability of the reported QTLs over different genetic backgrounds and environments and to narrow down the QTL confidence intervals, allowing the exploration of underlying candidate genes.

scholarly journals Variability of Old Sweet Cherries Found in Slovak Regions and Their Preservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
Michaela Benková ◽  
Iveta Čičová ◽  
Daniela Benedikova ◽  
Lubomir Mendel ◽  
Miroslav Glasa
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Abstract The work is focused on the evaluation of variability of morphological and pomological characteristics of several old sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) that were found in different Slovak regions. The experimental work has been performed during two years, 2014 and 2015. The following characteristics according to the descriptor list of subgenus Cerasus were evaluated - period of flowering and ripening, morphological characteristics of the flowers, fruit size, fruit weight, and quality parameters. The results showed high variability of evaluated accessions. From the 13 surveyed localities, the most valuable accessions were found in the locality Hornį Streda - places Čachtice, Krakovany, Nitra, and Brdárka. During the collecting expeditions, 170 accessions of sweet cherry, with fruit of the different quality were found. The most interesting accessions were grafted onto rootstocks with different intensity of growth (Prunus avium L., Prunus mahaleb L., and ‘Gisela5’). Some of the selected cherry accessions can be used for commercial growing after tests, while some of them can be used only for collection of genetic resources and as potential genitors in breeding programmes.

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