scholarly journals Factors Influencing Rumen Microbial Growth Rates and Yields: Effect of Amino Acid Additions to a Purified Diet with Nitrogen from Urea

1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Maeng ◽  
R.L. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Factors Influencing

Microbial growth rates in nature.

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
T D Brock
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Microbial Growth

scholarly journals Adaptation of central metabolite pools to variations in growth rate and cultivation conditions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanhaiya Kumar ◽  
Vishwesh Venkatraman ◽  
Per Bruheim
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pentose Phosphate Pathway ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Central Metabolism ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Biological Studies

Abstract Background Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a well-known popular model system for basic biological studies and serves as a host organism for the heterologous production of commercially interesting small molecules and proteins. The central metabolism is at the core to provide building blocks and energy to support growth and survival in normal situations as well as during exogenous stresses and forced heterologous protein production. Here, we present a comprehensive study of intracellular central metabolite pool profiling when growing S. cerevisiae on different carbon sources in batch cultivations and at different growth rates in nutrient-limited glucose chemostats. The latest versions of absolute quantitative mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling methodology were applied to cover glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway metabolites, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), complete amino acid, and deoxy-/nucleoside phosphate pools. Results Glutamate, glutamine, alanine, and citrate were the four most abundant metabolites for most conditions tested. The amino acid is the dominant metabolite class even though a marked relative reduction compared to the other metabolite classes was observed for nitrogen and phosphate limited chemostats. Interestingly, glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) metabolites display the largest variation among the cultivation conditions while the nucleoside phosphate pools are more stable and vary within a closer concentration window. The overall trends for glucose and nitrogen-limited chemostats were increased metabolite pools with the increasing growth rate. Next, comparing the chosen chemostat reference growth rate (0.12 h−1, approximate one-fourth of maximal unlimited growth rate) illuminates an interesting pattern: almost all pools are lower in nitrogen and phosphate limited conditions compared to glucose limitation, except for the TCA metabolites citrate, isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate. Conclusions This study provides new knowledge-how the central metabolism is adapting to various cultivations conditions and growth rates which is essential for expanding our understanding of cellular metabolism and the development of improved phenotypes in metabolic engineering.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Chlorine Susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 5685-5689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph O. Falkinham
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
C Cells ◽  
Mycobacterium Intracellulare ◽  
Factors Influencing

ABSTRACT The susceptibility of representative strains of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (the MAIS group) to chlorine was studied to identify factors related to culture conditions and growth phase that influenced susceptibility. M. avium and M. intracellulare strains were more resistant to chlorine than were strains of M. scrofulaceum. Transparent and unpigmented colony variants were more resistant to chlorine than were their isogenic opaque and pigmented variants (respectively). Depending on growth stage and growth rate, MAIS strains differed in their chlorine susceptibilities. Cells from strains of all three species growing in early log phase at the highest growth rates were more susceptible than cells in log and stationary phase. Rapidly growing cells were more susceptible to chlorine than slowly growing cells. The chlorine susceptibility of M. avium cells grown at 30°C was increased when cells were exposed to chlorine at 40°C compared to susceptibility after exposure at 30°C. Cells of M. avium grown in 6% oxygen were significantly more chlorine susceptible than cells grown in air. Chlorine-resistant MAIS strains were more hydrophobic and resistant to Tween 80, para-nitrobenzoate, hydroxylamine, and nitrite than were the chlorine-sensitive strains.

Factors Influencing the Growth Rates of Three Commercial Eucheumoids at Coastal Sites in Southern Kenya

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Wakibia ◽  
J. J. Bolton ◽  
D. W. Keats ◽  
L. M. Raitt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Commercial Eucheumoids

scholarly journals 89 Nutrition and Feeding of the Modern Hyperprolific Sow

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 75-75
Author(s):  
Laura L Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Reproductive Tissue ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

Abstract Over the last 25 years, the sow has developed to have a leaner body mass to address the need for leaner, fast growing offspring. The leaner body mass results in a female that biologically can have a lower feed intake. Furthermore, the number of pigs born per litter and milk production have also increased during the same timeframe. Much research has been conducted over the years to investigate the amino acid and energy requirements of both the lactating and gestating sow; however, application of the research has resulted in varied responses. The varied responses can be related to sow health, environmental influences, litter growth rates, and anticipated body reserve changes during lactation. Furthermore, calculations associated with the regression of reproductive tissue after farrowing can complicate the analysis of amino acid requirements. This presentation will discuss some of the recent research associated with feeding the modern sow, potentially challenging some of the differences in data, and offering some thoughts on looking towards the next 25 years of sow production.

Factors influencing growth of juvenile spruce grouse

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1790-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman W. S. Quinn ◽  
Daniel M. Keppie
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Differential Timing

The influences of date of hatch, and age and prelaying body weight of brood female on the growth rate of juvenile spruce grouse (Canachites canadensis) were studied in central New Brunswick in 1977 and 1978. Because of differential timing of hatch of broods of adult and yearling females, it was not clear whether a difference in juvenile growth rates during 5–14 days of age in 1977 was related to date of hatch, age of brood female, or both. Differences in juvenile growth rates within and between years apparently were not influenced by body weight of brood females prior to egg laying. Results suggest that posthatch factors are more important in determining growth rate than a prehatch or "maternal" influence.

scholarly journals Physiological and Transcriptional Responses of Different Industrial Microbes at Near-Zero Specific Growth Rates

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (17) ◽  
pp. 5662-5670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Ercan ◽  
Markus M. M. Bisschops ◽  
Wout Overkamp ◽  
Thomas R. Jørgensen ◽  
Arthur F. Ram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Zero Growth

ABSTRACTThe current knowledge of the physiology and gene expression of industrially relevant microorganisms is largely based on laboratory studies under conditions of rapid growth and high metabolic activity. However, in natural ecosystems and industrial processes, microbes frequently encounter severe calorie restriction. As a consequence, microbial growth rates in such settings can be extremely slow and even approach zero. Furthermore, uncoupling microbial growth from product formation, while cellular integrity and activity are maintained, offers perspectives that are economically highly interesting. Retentostat cultures have been employed to investigate microbial physiology at (near-)zero growth rates. This minireview compares information from recent physiological and gene expression studies on retentostat cultures of the industrially relevant microorganismsLactobacillus plantarum,Lactococcus lactis,Bacillus subtilis,Saccharomyces cerevisiae, andAspergillus niger. Shared responses of these organisms to (near-)zero growth rates include increased stress tolerance and a downregulation of genes involved in protein synthesis. Other adaptations, such as changes in morphology and (secondary) metabolite production, were species specific. This comparison underlines the industrial and scientific significance of further research on microbial (near-)zero growth physiology.

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