Effect of a very low negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) diet on plasma and urine metabolomics of prepartum Holstein cows

The main goal of dairy breeds selection should be improving breeding and productive qualities of animals under modern conditions. The majority of farms, using native breeds to produce milk, has created optimal conditions for keeping and feeding, selection and matching, growing of replacements etc. Further improvement of created native dairy breeds for economically useful traits occurs at total use of purebred Holstein bulls (semen) of foreign selection. In order to realistically assess milk productivity (milk yield, fat content in milk and fat yield) of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White Dairy cows should be conducted a comparative analysis of Holstein cows under the same conditions of feeding and keeping. It was established that Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows were characterized by the highest milk yields for 305 days of all lactations, taken into account, the among three investigated breeds. Their milk yield during the first lactation was 5933 kg of milk, during the second – 6393 kg, the third – 6391 kg and during higher lactation – 6650 kg. Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows were second by milk yield (except for the second lactation), during the first lactation – 5932 kg of milk, the third – 6462 kg and higher – 6541 kg, and Holstein cows were third, during the first lactation – 5794 kg of milk, the second – 6381 kg, the third – 6335 kg and higher – 6469 kg. The fat content was almost the same and varied within 3.49-3.58% in milk of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle, 3.50-3.60% in milk of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle and 3.50-3.56% in Holsteins’ milk. The difference between the breeds was within 0.01-0.04%. All the investigated breeds had predominance in fat yield for three lactations over standards of these breeds: Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows from 75.1 to 93.4 kg, Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows – 75.1-89.0 kg respectively and Holstein cows – 41.9-60.2 kg. It was found different level of positive correlation between milk yield and fat yield in all the cases and high correlation (r = 0.604-0.921, P < 0.001) in five cases (41.7%) Negative correlation coefficients indicate that selection of animals to higher milk yield in the herd will decrease the second trait – fat content in milk. Positive and highly significant correlation between milk yield and fat yield indicates that selection of cows in the herd to higher milk yields will increase fat yield. It was revealed that bulls were among the factors impacted the milk productivity (milk yield, fat content, fat yield) of three investigated breeds. So, the force (η²x) of father’s impact on milk yield was15.4-47.9%, fat content – 22.0-43.4% and fat yield – 14.9-47.7% taking into account a lactation and a breed. The force of lines impact (η²x) was second; it was on milk yield 6.1-24.5%, fat content – 4.1-17.1 and fat yield – 5.8-23.5%. The force of breeds impact (η²x) was last; it was on milk yield 0.3-2.9%, fat content – 0.2-0.3% and fat yield – 0.6-2.7%. So, the comparative studies of milk productivity of Ukrainian Red-and-White and Black-and-White Dairy cattle with Holsteins indicate that under similar conditions of feeding and keeping, these native breeds can compete with Holstein cattle. The milk yield for 305 days of higher lactation was 6650 kg of milk in Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows, 6541 kg in Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows and 6469 kg in Holsteins. It was found the inverse correlation r = -0.025-0.316 between milk yield and fat content in milk in most cases. Selection and matching of animals in the herd should be carried out simultaneously on these traits. It was found positive repeatability of milk yields between the first and second, the third and higher lactations (rs = 0.036-0.741), indicating the reliability of forecasting increase in milk productivity during the next lactations in all herd. Bulls have the greatest impact (η²x) on milk productivity among the factors taken into account: milk yield – 15.4-47.9%, fat content in milk – 22.0-43.4% and fat yield – 14.9-47.7%.

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Dietary strategies to improve periparturient success of Holstein cows

10.31274/etd-180810-349 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Nathan Charles Upah

Keyword(s):

Holstein Cows ◽

Dietary Strategies

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ВЛИЯНИЕ БИОКОНСЕРВАНТА «СИЛОСТАН» НА КАЧЕСТВО СЕНАЖА ИЗ КОЗЛЯТНИКА ВОСТОЧНОГО И СЫРОПРИГОДНОСТЬ МОЛОКА КОРОВ

Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo ◽

10.33943/mms.2019.6.39678 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 51-56

Author(s):

A.S. KARAMAEVA ◽

N.V. SOBOLEVA ◽

S.V. KARAMAEV

Keyword(s):

Serum Proteins ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Technological Properties ◽

Holstein Breed ◽

Feed Digestibility ◽

Ayrshire Breed ◽

Milk Coagulation ◽

Dry Substance

От породы коров и ее особенностей зависят эффективность использования кормов, качество и технологические свойства молока. Материалом исследований служили коровы чернопестрой голштинской и айрширской пород. Для повышения качества сенажа из козлятника восточного использовали микробиологический препарат. В готовом корме с биоконсервантом содержание сухого вещества было выше на 3,66, обменной энергии на 8,04, сырого протеина на 10,86, переваримого протеина на 13,59. Улучшение качества корма оказало положительное влияние на метаболические процессы в рубце подопытных коров. Независимо от технологии приготовления сенажа коровы айрширской породы лучше переваривали, по сравнению с голштинами, сухое вещество на 2,062,91 (Р0,05), органическое на 1,212,04 (Р0,05), сырой протеин на 2,222,49 (Р0,05), БЭВ на 0,921,36, но при этом голштины лучше переваривали сырой жир на 2,732,78 (Р0,05) и сырую клетчатку на 1,551,86. В результате внесения в сенаж биоконсерванта Силостан и улучшения переваримости корма у коров опытных групп значительно улучшился химический состав и технологические свойства молока. Очень важно для сыроделия, что в молоке коров, получавших в рационе сенаж с биоконсервантом, повышается массовая доля казеина на 2,42,7, а доля сывороточных белков и фракции казеина, которые не свертываются под действием сычужного фермента, наоборот, снижается на 1,41,5 и на 0,30,9, соответственно. Уменьшается продолжительность свертывания молока сычужным ферментом, снижаются потери сухого вещества с сывороткой, и увеличивается выход казеинового сгустка. Плотность казеинового сгустка повышается в молоке голштинских коров на 14,3, айрширских на 5,7 и составляет, соответственно, 1,92 и 2,96 г/см2.The efficiency of feed use, the quality, as well as technological properties of milk depend on cow breed and its characteristics. Blackandwhite Holstein and Ayrshire breeds were used as the material for research. Microbiological preparation was used to increase the quality of halyage made of Eastern galega. The content of dry substance in the readymade feed was 3.66 higher, the metabolizable energy 8.04 higher, raw protein 10.86 higher, and digestible protein 13.59. Improvement of feed quality positively influenced the metabolic processes in the rumen of experimental cows. Without regard to the technology of halyage preparation, cows of Ayrshire breed showed betterdigestion of dry substance by 2.06 2.91 (P0.05) than Holstein cows, organic substance by 1.21 2.04 (P0.05), raw protein by 2.22 2.49 (P0.05), nitrogenfree extractive fraction by 0.92 1.36, but Holstein breed showed better digestion of raw fat by 2.73 2.78 (P0.05) and raw fiber by 1.55 1.86. Chemical composition and technological properties of milk improved significantly as a result of addition of Silostan biopreservative to the halyage and improvement of feed digestibility in cows from test groups. The fact that the mass percentage of casein is increased by 2.4 2.7, and the share of serum proteins and ycasein fractions which do not coagulate under the influence of enzyme rennet is inversely decreased by 1.4 1.5 and 0.3 0.9, accordingly, is very important for cheese making. The duration of milk coagulation with rennet is decreased, the loss of dry substance with serum is decreased, and the yield of casein coagulate is increased. Density of casein coagulate is increased in the milk of Holstein cows by 14.3, Ayrshire cows by 5.7, and equals to 1.92 and 2.96 g/cm2, accordingly.

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Формирование иммунного статуса у новорожденных телят молочных и комбинированных пород

Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo ◽

10.33943/mms.2019.1.31284 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 32-37

Author(s):

L.N. BAKAEVA ◽

A.S. KARAMAEVA ◽

S.V. KARAMAEV

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Morbidity Rate ◽

Immune Development ◽

Black And White ◽

Alveolar Tissue ◽

Holstein Calves ◽

Newborn Calves ◽

Middle Volga ◽

Epithelium Cells

Работа посвящена изучению особенностей формирования иммунитета у новорожденных телят. Объектом исследований служили коровы бестужевской, черно-пестрой, голштинской, айрширской пород и их потомство, разводимые в природно-климатической зоне Среднего Поволжья и Южного Урала. Установлено, что за последний месяц перед отелом в сыворотке крови коров происходит снижение содержания иммуноглобулинов, у бестужевской породы на 19,3%, черно-пестрой — на 15,8%, голштинской — на 13,4%, айрширской — на 15,0%. Это обусловлено тем, что иммуноглобулины интенсивно перемещаются в клетки секреторного эпителия альвеолярной ткани вымени. В молозиве первого удоя содержится от 57,86 г/л (голштинская порода) до 106,78 г/л (бестужевская порода) иммуноглобулинов. В молозиве второго удоя содержание иммуноглобулинов снижается у бестужевской породы на 18,9%, черно-пестрой — на 25,1%, голштинской — на 29,3%, айрширской — на 21,7%, а при четвертом доении, соответственно, на 45,4; 51,6; 52,4; 49,2%. Через 6 ч после первого выпаивания молозивом, содержание иммуноглобулинов в сыворотке крови телят всех пород, за исключением голштинской, было выше 10 мг/мл, что считается физиологической нормой. Исследования показали, что в каждой породе есть телята, не воспринимающие иммуноглобулины из молозива матери, доля которых составляет, соответственно 20; 16; 30; 10%. Наиболее опасными для здоровья теленка являются первые 5 дней жизни. В этот период в бестужевской породе заболело 6% телят, черно-пестрой — 24, голштинской — 42, айрширской — 14%. Всего за первый месяц жизни заболеваемость телят в группах составила, соответственно, 16; 48; 76; 26%.The article presents the study of peculiarities of immune development in newborn calves. The objects of interest were Bestuzhev, Black-and-White, Holstein and Ayrshire cows and their progeny raised in the environmental and climatic zone of Middle Volga and Southern Ural. The study has shown that during the last month prior to calving there was a decrease of immunoglobulin content in the cows’ blood serum: in Bestuzhev cows by 19.3%, in Black-and-White cows by 15.8%, in Holstein cows by 13.4% and in Ayrshire cows by 15.0%. This is due to the fact that immunoglobulins massively migrate to secretory epithelium cells of the udder alveolar tissue. Immunoglobulin concentration in the first milking colostrum was from 57.86 g/l (Holstein cows) up to 106.78 g/l (Bestuzhev cows). In the second milking colostrum the content of immunoglobulins was decreased by 18.9% in Bestuzhev cows, by 25.1% in Black-and-White cows, by 29.3% in Holstein cows and by 21.7% in Ayrshire cows, in the forth milking colostrum the decrease was respectively by 45.4; 51.6; 52.4 and 49.2%. 6 hours after the first colostrum feeding immunoglobulin content in blood serum of calves of all breeds except for Holstein one exceeded 10 mg/ml, what was within the physiological norm. The study has shown that there were calves in every breed who did not accept immunoglobulins from the mother’s colostrum, their percentage was respectively 20; 16; 30 and 10%. The first five days of life were the most dangerous for the health of calves. During the period 6% Bestuzhev calves, 24% Black-and-White calves, 42 Holstein calves and 14% Ayrshire calves fell ill. During the fist month of life the morbidity rate of calves was respectively 16; 48; 76 and 26%.

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ПРОДОЛЖИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ И ИНТЕНСИВНОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ КОРОВ С РАЗНЫМ ВОЗРАСТОМ И ЖИВОЙ МАССОЙ ПРИ ПЕРВОМ ОТЕЛЕ

Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo ◽

10.33943/mms.2019.7.42457 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 42-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D.G. KOMKOV ◽

R.M. KERTIEV ◽

N.M. KERTIEVA

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Live Weight ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Physiological Maturity ◽

Entire Life ◽

Economic Use

Приведены результаты исследований продолжительности и интенсивности использования коров голштинской породы с разным возрастом и живой массой при первом отеле, являющиеся показателями физиологической зрелости и готовности организма к последующему продуктивному периоду жизни. Наиболее продолжительный продуктивный период выявлен у коров с возрастом первого отела 2427 мес., средние значения которых составляют 3,33,4 отела. Указанные группы коров отличаются более высоким уровнем пожизненной продуктивности и интенсивностью использования на единицу времени всей жизни и продуктивного периода. Продуктивное долголетие коров имеет тенденцию к повышению с увеличением массы тела при первом отеле. Наиболее продолжительные сроки хозяйственного использования выявлены у животных с живой массой при первом отеле 450500 кг, продуктивный период которых на 115234 дня, или на 0,40,6 лактаций выше, чем в других анализируемых группах скота. Высокую пожизненную продуктивность (3135 тыс. кг) имеют животные с массой тела более 500 кг при первом отеле. Вместе с тем интенсивный раздой наиболее крупных первотелок с массой тела выше 550 кг сопровождается снижением продолжительности жизни и продуктивного периода использования коров.The article presents the results of studies on the duration and intensity of use of Holstein cows with different age and body weight at the first calving, which are an indicator of physiological maturity and readiness of the organism for the subsequent productive period of life. The longest productive period was revealed in cows with the first calving age of 2427 months, the average values of which are 3.33.4 calving. These groups of cows are distinguished by a higher level of lifelong production and the intensity of use per unit of time of their entire life and productive period. Productive longevity of cows tends to increase with an increase in body weight at the first calving. The longest periods of economic use were found in animals with a live weight at the first calving with in 450500 kg, in which the productive period is 115234 days or 0.40.6 lactations higher than in other analyzed groups of animals. High lifelong productivity (3135 thousand kg) have animals weighing more than 500 kg at the first calving. At the same time, intensive stripping of the largest heifers with a body weight above 550 kg is accompanied by a decrease in the lifespan and productive period of using cows.

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DIFFERENT COW BREEDS MILKABILITY DEPENDING ON KAPPA-CASEIN AND BETA-GLOBULIN GENOTYPES

АГРАРНЫЙ ВЕСТНИК ВЕРХНЕВОЛЖЬЯ ◽

10.35523/2307-5872-2019-27-2-79-85 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Milk Fat ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Maintenance System ◽

Plant Feeding ◽

Beta Globulin ◽

Ayrshire Breed ◽

The Common ◽

Milking Machine ◽

Beta Lactoglobulin

Results of the Ayrshire breed cows, Holstein cows and Holstein-Yaroslavl cross breed cows milk productiv-ity analysis in the same environment conditions and depending on the kappa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin genotypes are presented in this article. The animals are kept in the common environmental conditions of the LLC Farming firm “Pakhma», the Ayrshire breeding plant. Feeding of cows here is carried out according to detailed norms, concentrated feed averages 43%. The maintenance system is year-round stalling, milking is carried out in the milk line, the DeLaval milking machine is used, and labor-intensive processes in animal husbandry are mechanized. The farm has a milk processing shop. It was established that all the inspected cows (n=91) had a prevailing AA kappa-casein genotype – 75,8% on average. BB Ayrshire breed and Hol-stein-Yaroslavl cross breed genotypes were not established. AB and BB beta-lactoglobulin genotypes are seen on average with a frequency of 44%. AA beta-lactoglobulin genotype in Holstein cows breed was not found. The indicators of statistically reliable difference in milkability among all groups and genotypes was not estab-lished. A higher consistence of protein in the milk of B-allele kappa-casein type cows is evident in all groups with no difference between breed belonging. The complex variant of CSN3/LGB genotypes showed that ac-cording to ultimate milk fat and protein yield the most productive cows were:АВ/ВВ, АВ/АВ genotype Ayr-shire cows, АВ/АВ Holstein genotype cows, AB/BB genotype Holstein-Yaroslavl cross breed cows. Hence, the most efficient cows are those with B-allele variants.

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