scholarly journals The SCHOOL OF CHICAGO AND ITS APPROACHES TO THE PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES OF THE NORTHWEST SEMIARD

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-369
Author(s):  
Anilton Da Silva Estevam ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Malta de Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Chicago School ◽  
Rural Sociology ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
The People ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Semi Arid Region

This article deals with the contributions that the principles of the Chicago School, proposed for the urban centers, can bring in the analysis of the problems existing in the rural space. For the theoretical basis, the discussion of these concepts was carried out; of traditional peoples and communities, of the communities that exist in the northeastern semi-arid region, such as the Caiçara I Population. It discusses the process of urbanization of rural areas and their consequences; on the fragility of existing studies, especially on critical rural sociology and its role in the elaboration of concepts specific to the rural area. It is observed the elements that approach rural areas in the process of urbanization the emergence of segregated communities and if rural communities can be the new "ghettos" of urban centers. The identification and discussion of the principles of the Chicago School in the rural community under study is carried out. The methodological proposal used is the bibliographical research, performed through the systemic review of literature that dialogues with the use of methods of critical ethnography. It concludes with the suggestion of a model for the development of the public policy agenda aimed at identifying and meeting the real needs of these communities.

Cities and Countryside: An International Law Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
Francesco Francioni
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
International Law ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Balanced Approach ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Interaction

Cities, as spaces of socio-cultural organization and economic interaction among people, have always played a dominant role in the development and implementation of international law. Today, a new strand of legal scholarship focuses on cities and local communities as competitors and partners with the nation State in a new project of modernization and democratization of international law. This paper looks at this new trend against the background of the historical narrative of cities in the development of international law. At the same time, it calls attention to the fact that half of humanity still lives and works in rural areas, in the vast countryside of the world. Rural communities have been the servants of the city since the beginning of time. Today, their dignity and rights are beginning to be recognized by acts of the United Nations such as the 2007 Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the 2018 Declaration on the Rights of Peasants. Yet, these people remain a disadvantaged and vulnerable class. A true modernization and democratization of international law requires that we keep a balanced approach to the legal recognition of the voices and rights of urban communities and those of the people who work and live in the countryside of the world.

Requirements Engineering in the ICT4D Domain

2012 ◽  
pp. 187-200
Author(s):  
Kristina Pitula ◽  
Daniel Sinnig ◽  
Thiruvengadam Radhakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Requirements Engineering ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The People ◽  
Information And Communication

Requirements engineering is an important stage in any software development. It is more so in the case of software development for social development projects in rural areas of the developing countries. ICT4D which stands for “Information and Communication Technologies for Development” is gaining more and more attention as computing is more widely affordable. This article is concerned with requirements engineering in the ICT4D domain. In many developing counties, a significant effort is being put into providing people in rural areas with access to digital content and services by using Information and Communication Technologies. Unfortunately most ICT4D projects pursue a top-down development model which is driven by the technology available and not by the very needs and social problems of the people living in rural communities (Frohlich et al., 2009). Existing technologies are often applied in a non-inclusive manner with respect to the local population, without sufficient adaptation or re-invention, and often without regard for user’s needs and their social contexts.

scholarly journals The lawn grew too quickly! Perception of rural idyll by Czech amenity migrants

GeoScape ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Píša
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Initial Image ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Initial Perception

Abstract The arrival of amenity migrants has significant impacts for many rural areas in economic, environmental and social terms. While the causes of relocation from cities to remote rural localities can be generally understood as attempts to change the way of life, the consequences of this phenomenon are relatively diverse. Perception of rural space from the migrant´s point of view stems partly from the so-called rural idyll, which shapes the image of the countryside across society, especially through media, tourism and recreation. This study aims to discover links between rural idyll and motivational factors of the Czech amenity migrants. Semi-structured interviews with the Czech amenity migrants have been used in order to uncover the social dimension of the phenomenon of rural idyll. Emphasis has been put both on the genesis of their relationship to the rural environment, but also on the consistency and differences between expectations and the reality of rural life. I identify the key role of tourism and recreation in shaping the initial perception of rural space, whereas the role of media is rather implicit. In the perception of amenity migrants, the initial image of rural space differed only slightly when the physical environment of rural space is considered but a mismatch is found between initial ideas about rural communities and their real experience after moving there.

Politics

The Age of Em ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Slow Speed ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Class System ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
The People ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
The Status

Who is higher status in an em world? Humans are much less competent than ems in most jobs, and so ems see humans and styles and habits associated with humans as lower status. As ems must retire when they can no longer compete with younger workers, retirees are also lower status, as are styles and habits associated with retirees. Also, we have long treated places where people congregate more densely, and the people who congregate there, as higher status. Humans, retirees, and ems away from urban centers all tend to be slower. These features help to make slow speed seem low status to ems. In addition, faster ems tend to have many other features that are today treated as markers of higher status. Faster ems tend to be bosses, to embody more wealth, to host meetings, and to sit at premium locations. Faster ems find it easier to coordinate with each other in contests with slower ems. Fast ems hear of and react to news first, and so more quickly adopt new fashions. As faster em brains embody more capital, impoverished ems are often forced to run at slower speeds. Also, the lives of slower ems seem more like “death,” in the sense that they have a larger chance of ending sooner because of civilization instability. For example, if the em era lasts for 2 objective years, a micro-em experiences only 1 subjective minute during that period. Thus slower ems can naturally seem nearer to death, which seems low status. Thus we have many reasons to expect that ems who run faster are usually seen as higher status. Similarly, during meetings the more centrally located ems, for whom signal delays are smallest, may usually appear to be more central and powerful. Note that as em speeds will tend to clump, this creates a class system of distinct status levels. Today, residents of bigger cities tend to be seen as higher status, and their higher status isn’t much lost when they temporarily visit rural areas. Similarly, em status may not change much during temporary speed changes. It might instead be the typical speed of their clan or subclan that matters most. Slow ems can have the status mark of taking a longer-term bigger-picture view, and a few of them are trusted to manage capital for long-term payoffs.

Rural Mobile Telephony: A VSAT (Satellite) Based Approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Francis Enejo Idachaba ◽  
F.O. Edeko
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Satellite Technology ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Frequency Translation ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
The Village

This work presents a VSAT based approach for extending mobile communication access to rural communities in developing countries using VSAT and satellite technology. The rural areas are clustered into village community cells with each cluster being served by a non regenerative bidirectional repeater system. The telecommunication technology of choice is the GSM standard. Traffic from the rural areas is collated together at the access point which serves as an interface between the village community cells and the satellite. The access points perform a frequency translation moving the signal from the GSM band to the satellite band at the transmitter and vice versa at the receiver. The system maximizes the advantage of satellite communication technology over other types in linking remote areas to urban centers that are geographically far apart. The satellite then links the village cell to the operator’s network via a dedicated BTS in the urban area. The system has the advantage of being modular, scalable and solar powered due to the low traffic from rural areas.

scholarly journals Topeng Ireng Sebagai Wujud Rasa Syukur di Kabupaten Magelang pada Era Globalisasi

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
hana haqiqi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Cultural Assets ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of

Topeng ireng is a typical art from Magelang that was originally used as a means for spreading the islamic teachings. But, as time goes by, Topeng Ireng used as a form of gratitude for the people after making a celebration such as wedding, circumcision, or another celebration. Topeng Ireng commonly found in rural areas because rural communities still preserving the cultural heritage of their ancestors. In this era of globalization, Topeng Ireng art which had been abandoned began to appear again that looks more modern without leaving its characteristics, that is by adding campursari or dangdut music. The research method is descriptive in which this research explains in more detail about Topeng Ireng. The results of the study explain the history of Topeng Ireng as well as what is the Topeng Ireng and what was used when performing Topeng Ireng. The benefit of this research is to extended the knowledge of the community around Magelang and outside Magelang about Topeng Ireng existence that needs to be preserved and preserved as state-owned cultural assets and as a tribute to ancestors.

scholarly journals Source-sink dynamics could sustain HIV epidemics in rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Malawi

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin T. Okano ◽  
Katie Sharp ◽  
Laurence Palk ◽  
Sally Blower
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractBackground:Approximately 25.5 million individuals are infected with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Epidemics in this region are generalized, show substantial geographic variation in prevalence, and are driven by heterosexual transmission; populations are highly mobile. We propose that generalized HIV epidemics should be viewed as a series of micro-epidemics occurring in multiple connected communities. Using a mathematical model, we test the hypothesis that travel can sustain HIV micro-epidemics in communities where transmission is too low to be self-sustaining. We use Malawi as a case study.Methods:We first conduct a mapping exercise to visualize geographic variation in HIV prevalence and population-level mobility. We construct maps by spatially interpolating georeferenced HIV-testing and mobility data from a nationally representative population-level survey: the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey. To test our hypothesis, we construct a novel HIV epidemic model that includes three transmission pathways: resident-to-resident, visitor-caused and travel-related. The model consists of communities functioning as “sources” and “sinks”. A community is a source if transmission is high enough to be self-sustaining, and a sink if it is not.Results:HIV prevalence ranges from zero to 27%. Mobility is high, 27% of the population took a trip lasting at least a month in the previous year. Prevalence is higher in urban centers than rural areas, but long-duration travel is higher in rural areas than urban centers. We show that a source-community can sustain a micro-epidemic in a sink-community, but only if specific epidemiological and demographic threshold conditions are met. The threshold depends upon the level of transmission in the source- and sink-communities, as well as the relative sizes of the two communities. The larger the source than the sink, the lower transmission in the source-community needs to be for sustainability.Discussion:Our results support our hypothesis, and suggest that it may be rather easy for large urban communities to sustain HIV micro-epidemics in small rural communities; this may be occurring in northern Malawi. Visitor-generated and travel-related transmission may also be sustaining micro-epidemics in rural communities in other SSA countries with highly-mobile populations. It is essential to consider mobility when developing HIV elimination strategies.

scholarly journals PEMBERDAYAAN BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA DALAM MENINGATKAN USAHA DAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DENGAN PENDEKATAN KELOMPOK DESA JABON KECAMATAN KALIDAWIR KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-126
Author(s):  
Siswahyudianto
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Institutional Strengthening ◽  
The People ◽  
The Village

Establishment "BUMDes is also intended to encourage, facilitate, protect and empower economic activities in rural areas that are based on potential" villages or activities both" develop according to the customs and culture of the local community. Village economic institutional strengthening is ultimately intended to improve the socio-economic welfare of rural communities and support the optimization of poverty alleviation programs. The vision of BUMDes "Mekar Jaya" is to realize the welfare of the people of Jabon Village through the development of economic businesses and social services, with the motto, let's build the village together. Based on village deliberations, the village empowerment program concentrates on agriculture, fisheries and computer technology for entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals KAJIAN KRIMINOLOGIS TERJADI TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DANA DESA DI DESA PENAGA (Studi Desa Penaga Kabupaten Bintan Kepulauan Riau)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
Heni Widiyani ◽  
Pery Rahendra Sucipta ◽  
Ahmad Ansyari Siregar ◽  
Ayu Efritadewi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
State Government ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Government Structure ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
The People ◽  
Community Economy ◽  
The Guardian ◽  
The Village

Corruption that occurs in rural areas is very disturbing because it greatly affects the lives of rural communities, villages as the lowest government in the Indonesian state government structure are formed so that there is independence and progress and prevent the movement of people to cities. Corruption makes the infrastructure in the village not achieved according to the needs of the community. This juridical empirical research is to collect legal literature and compare the actual situation that occurs in the community by conducting interviews so as to find the facts and data needed, then the required data is collected, then the identification of the problem is carried out which ultimately comes to solving the problem . The people of the guardian village currently cannot enjoy the facilities that have been corrupted by the village head and the community economy poured out through BUMDES is not running properly due to the effects of corruption that occurred in 2017.Keywords : Corruption, Village Fund, Penaga Village

Requirements Engineering in the ICT4D Domain

2011 ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Kristina Pitula ◽  
Daniel Sinnig ◽  
Thiruvengadam Radhakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Requirements Engineering ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The People ◽  
Information And Communication

Requirements engineering is an important stage in any software development. It is more so in the case of software development for social development projects in rural areas of the developing countries. ICT4D which stands for “Information and Communication Technologies for Development” is gaining more and more attention as computing is more widely affordable. This article is concerned with requirements engineering in the ICT4D domain. In many developing counties, a significant effort is being put into providing people in rural areas with access to digital content and services by using Information and Communication Technologies. Unfortunately most ICT4D projects pursue a top-down development model which is driven by the technology available and not by the very needs and social problems of the people living in rural communities (Frohlich et al., 2009). Existing technologies are often applied in a non-inclusive manner with respect to the local population, without sufficient adaptation or re-invention, and often without regard for user’s needs and their social contexts.

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