scholarly journals Social-cultural and educational practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Camila Kuhn Vieira ◽  
Carine Nascimento da Silva ◽  
Ana Luisa Moser Keitel ◽  
Solange Beatriz Billig Garces ◽  
Patrícia Dall'Agnol Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Issue ◽  
Older People ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Large Concentration ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
The University ◽  
Scientific Achievements

We are living a period of demographic increase in the elderly population in Brazil and worldwide. Among the main causes are the decrease in infant and elderly mortality due to medical scientific achievements. This makes society and families increasingly live in their family and institutional spaces with older people. Situations such as the large concentration of people in urban centers, the liquid, individualistic, hedonistic and presentist society reflect as characteristics for the life of the elderly population, which wants to take advantage of the opportunities that life can provide, living in spaces public with different generations. In this sense, we understand that population aging has become a pressing social issue, which institutions such as the University, for example, have an obligation to account, especially in the sense of reflection, research in the area and opportunities for training / qualification for both the elderly as for the professionals who will work with this audience.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Population Aging Trend in Iran and Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-116
Author(s):  
Hasan Hekmatnia ◽  
Kamran Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri ◽  
Ali Shamsoddini
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Impact

Population aging and its consequences are an extremely controversial issue in the global context. An increase in the number of older people along with a decrease in the birth rate leads to an excessive burden on the economically active part of the population. Such imbalances threaten to reduce the workforce, slow economic growth, increase social spending, increase the fiscal burden. Therefore, using the country’s own experience to solve the problem of rapid aging of the nation and take measures to improve the quality of life of older people and their social integration into society is insufficient, as changes in the age structure of the population may occur for the first time. Therefore, it is necessary to study and adapt the experience of other countries to address this social issue. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the aging population in Iran and Poland, as well as to assess the impact of the nation’s aging on life expectancy, fertility and gross domestic product (GDP) in these two countries. The object of the study is Poland as a representative of European countries, which is facing an increase in the number of elderly people, and Iran as a country where the age structure of the population is just beginning to change. The study period is 1950-2020. The results of the study show that there has been an increase in the elderly population, but the share of this population compared to other countries is lower. The authors of the study proved the existence of significant differences in the aging population in Poland and Iran. A feature of the demographic situation in Iran is the declining birth rate, which leads to a decrease in the total population and an increase in the proportion of elderly people. These socio-demographic transformations in the long run can have a destructive effect on Iran’s GDP. In contrast to Iran, Poland is experiencing an increase in population aging, leading to rising spending on social security and protection, as well as falling GDP. The rapid growth of the elderly population compared to the growth of the total population of the country and the increase in the share of elderly people in the coming years emphasizes the need for further planning of control over the problems associated with this population group.

scholarly journals Population aging and the historical development of intergenerational transfer systems

Genus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Intergenerational Transfers ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intergenerational Transfer ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Social Sharing ◽  
Private Transfers

Abstract From our evolutionary past, humans inherited a long period of child dependency, extensive intergenerational transfers to children, cooperative breeding, and social sharing of food. Older people continued to transfer a surplus to the young. After the agricultural revolution, population densities grew making land and residences valuable assets controlled by older people, leading to their reduced labor supply which made them net consumers. In some East Asian societies today, elders are supported by adult children but in most societies the elderly continue to make private net transfers to their children out of asset income or public pensions. Growing public intergenerational transfers have crowded out private transfers. In some high-income countries, the direction of intergenerational flows has reversed from downward to upwards, from young to old. Nonetheless, net private transfers remain strongly downward, from older to younger, everywhere in the world. For many but not all countries, projected population aging will bring fiscal instability unless there are major program reforms. However, in many countries population aging will reduce the net cost to adults of private transfers to children, partially offsetting the increased net costs to working age adults for public transfers to the elderly.

scholarly journals Evaluation of selected forms of physical activity of older people - pilot study

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Anna Ogonowska-Słodownik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older People ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Borg Scale ◽  
Nordic Walking ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
The University ◽  
Work Done

Abstract Introduction: Regular physical activity can prevent sharp decline in the level of physical fitness of older people [1]. Both the quantity and quality of physical activity are important [2]. The aim of this study was to evaluate selected forms of physical activity of older people in terms of intensity of effort. Material and methods: In the study participated 10 women at the age of 73.6 ± 6.5 years, from the Third Age University at the University of Physical Education in Warsaw. The study included four forms: gymnastics, Nordic walking, dancing and Tai Chi. The study used IDEEA device (Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity) and a pulse recorder (Polar). In addition, each of the woman immediately after class evaluated its intensity with the 20 points Borg Scale. Results: The results indicate a large diversity of physical activity in terms of work done, energy consumption, heart rate. Nordic Walking classes were most intense (2.8 kJ/min, 3.5 kcal/min, 101.5 beats/min) and Tai Chi was least intense (0.5 kJ/min, 1.6 kcal/min , 65 beats/ min). Subjective evaluation of intensity (Borg Scale) of the trainings confirms the values obtained by the objective methods - quite heavy (14 points) in Nordic Walking and very light (10 points) in Tai Chi. Conclusions: There is a need for a reliable analysis of proposed forms for the elderly in Poland. Using multiple measurement tools will help to increase the objectivity of the evaluation and defining their impact on the capabilities of older people. A comprehensive assessment can be used in programming physical activity for older people.

scholarly journals Polityka społeczna wobec ludzi starych w Polsce — uwarunkowania, rozwój i kierunki zmian

Ekonomia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Sylwia Wojtczak
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Older People ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Human And Social Capital

Social policy toward old people in Poland — conditions, development and directions of changesSocial policy shapes people’s living conditions. In the era of dynamic demographic changes, especially the aging of the population observed in Poland and across the world, the activity of the state focused on improving the quality of life of the elderly is particularly important. Population aging is a demographic process of increasing the proportion of older people while reducing the proportion of children in the society of a given country. Elderly people will continue to be a part of society, mainly due to the progress of civilization, advances in modern medicine and the popularization of so-called healthy living.Social policy toward the elderly should not be limited to managing the social security system and social welfare. Eff ective use of human and social capital of the elderly will be a growing challenge for this policy, and for senior citizens — spending satisfactorily the last years of one’s life. However, for some senior citizens, old age means or will mean poverty and living on the margins of civil society. The Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Polic y is responsible for the social policy of people in Poland, off ering for example in the years 2014–2020 to senior citizens such programs as “Senior +”, the Government Program for Social Activity of the Elderly ASOS or “Care 75+.” Each of the above programs have appropriate criteria that must be met to be able to use them. Are older people eager to use them, or are the eff ects of these programs already visible? This study will attempt to answer the above questions. The main purpose of the article is to diagnose and analyze selected government programs targeted at older people. In addition, perspectives for changes in social policy toward older people in Poland will be determined.

Acceptance and use of communication technology by the elderly (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Clarke ◽  
Precious Onyeachu
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Working Age

BACKGROUND Population aging is a global phenomenon, with the proportion of the population over the age of 60 increasingly rapidly. However ownership and use of technology by people in this age group remains low, which impacts on introduction of and the assumptions made for, technology-based activities such as telehealth and telemedicine. It is essential to gain accurate information on the level of technology ownership in target groups. However, many studies on levels of technology ownership and use report using electronic methods for their survey, which introduces bias and may result in a higher value. OBJECTIVE To determine the level of ownership of technology in the elderly population using an unbiased data collection methodology. METHODS Our study collects data from patients invited to attend a clinic for their annual flu vaccination, and thereby captures a cross section of the population that is unbiased by the collection method. 309 patients completed a questionnaire, and were considered in three (3) age groups; young adults (25 to 45) (n=72), working-age (46 to 59) (n=80) and older adults (60 and above) (n=157). RESULTS In the older adult group (60+), 50 people (32%) out of 157 respondents had a mobile or smart phone and 107 (68%) did not; 38 people (24%) out of 157 respondents owned and used a computer and 119 (76%) had never used or owned a computer or tablet CONCLUSIONS Our results show a significantly lower ownership of technology in the elderly than found in other similar studies, which we attribute to the method of collection of the data, and consider to be a true reflection of the ownership in the general population.

Immune system changes and immunosenescence

2017 ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
Graham Pawelec ◽  
Ludmila Müller ◽  
Tamas Fülöp ◽  
Deborah Dunn-Walters
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Older People ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
System Changes ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

The immune system defends against infection, but older people paradoxically suffer not only from failing immunity resulting in increased susceptibility to infections and decreased responsiveness to vaccination, but at the same time increased inflammation and immunopathology accompanying immune responses. Interventions to reduce such deleterious effects while enhancing protective immunity are challenging but need to be confronted if we are to deal successfully with the increasing numbers of elderly and frail people in modern societies. To do this, we need to understand the mechanisms responsible for age-associated increased susceptibility to infections and immune-influenced chronic degenerative diseases of ageing. Defining relevant age-associated alterations and identifying reliable biomarkers for monitoring clinically-relevant immune status in the elderly population is crucial to overcoming these problems. Here, we briefly outline age-associated changes to immunity collectively termed ‘immunosenescence’.

The aging eye

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Ah-Chan ◽  
Susan Downes
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Visual Rehabilitation ◽  
Age Related

Age has been identified as the single most impor-tant demographic predictor of blindness and visual impairment. Visual impairment is the second most prevalent physical disability in the elderly population. The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment after 60 years of age increases significantly. Furthermore, the number of older people with functional vision impairment is expected to double in the next decade. Visual impairment in the elderly population is commonly due either to localized ocular pathology (cataracts, glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration) or systemic disease with associated ocular or visual pathway involvement (hypertension, diabetes and cerebrovascular disease). Physicians involved in the care of older people play a crucial role in the recognition, prevention and management of morbidity related to visual impairment in this population. Timely screening, referral, intervention and visual rehabilitation is thought to be capable of reducing new blindness and visual impairment by at least one-third.

scholarly journals Tolerance for uncertainty in elderly people

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Kachmaryk ◽  
Sophia Grabovska ◽  
Kateryna Ostrovska ◽  
Viktor Syniev
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Older People ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Third Age ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
The University

The aim of the study. The aim of the paper is a comparison of tolerance to uncertainty in two groups of elderly: the students of the University of the Third Age (UTA) and older people who are not enrolled but help to educate grandchildren. A relation to uncertainty was shown to infl uence on decision making strategy of elderly that indicates on importance of the researches. Methods. To obtain the objectives of the paper the following methods were used: 1) Personal change readiness survey (PCRS) adapted by Nickolay Bazhanov and Galina Bardiyer; 2) Tolerance Ambiguity Scale (TAS) adapted by Galina Soldatova; 3) Freiburg personality inventory (FPI) and 4) The questionnaire of self-relation by Vladimir Stolin and Sergej Panteleev. 40 socially involved elderly people were investigated according the above methods, 20 from UTA and 20 who are not studied and served as control group. Results. It was shown that relations of tolerance to uncertainty in the study group of students of the University of the Third Age substantially differ from relations of tolerance to uncertainty in group of older people who do not learn. The majority of students of the University of the Third Age have an inherent low tolerance for uncertainty, which is associated with an increase in expression personality traits and characteristics in self-relation. The group of the elderly who are not enrolled increasingly shows tolerance of uncertainty, focusing on  the social and trusting relationship to meet the needs of communication, and the ability to manage their own emotions and desires than a group of Third Age university students. Conclusions. The results of experimental research of the third age university student’s peculiarities of the tolerance to uncertainty were outlined. It was found that decision making in the ambiguity situations concerning social interaction is well developed in elderly who do not study. The students of the University of Third Age have greater needs in conversation, social interaction than the control group and should learn to make decisionin ambiguity or uncertainty situations.

scholarly journals Cultural participation as a way of active aging - possibilities and initiative proposals

2018 ◽  
pp. 561-571
Author(s):  
Sanja Bozic ◽  
Milica Solarevic ◽  
Tаtjana Pivac ◽  
Ivana Blesic
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Active Aging ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Cultural Participation ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The City

Population policy on aging involves many forms of active aging, the most important of which are employment, social and cultural inclusion, volunteering and improvement of basic living conditions such as health care, adequate housing, and affordable transportation. Today, many European countries are facing the challenges of population aging, including Serbia, where the importance of active aging is still insufficiently recognized by society and key decision makers. The aim of this paper is to highlight the possibilities for promoting active aging through the inclusion of the elderly population in the cultural life of the city of Novi Sad, which faces the mentioned problem and lacks appropriate measures for the inclusion of the elderly population in the social and cultural life of the city. In addition, the aim of the study is to examine the attitudes of the cultural institutions regarding the possibility of adapting cultural contents to this target group, as well as for their inclusion in the realization of cultural contents. To achieve this, in-depth interviews were conducted with employees of the selected cultural institutions of the city. The obtained results will serve as the basis for the decision makers to define proposals of concrete actions to encourage active aging through the cultural contents of the city.

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