CERAMIC PIPES-OTTOMANS FROM GIZA: ON THE HISTORY OF TOBACCO SMOKING IN THE ORIENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
S. E. Malykh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Cylindrical Pipe ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Eastern Edge

The article analyzes 13 fragmented ceramic smoking pipes found at the eastern edge of the Eastern Field of the ancient Egyptian Giza Necropolis by the Russian Archaeological Mission of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS. The objects of the late 17th — early 20th centuries were discovered during the exploration of the rock-cut tombs of the second half of the Third millennium B.C. and the adjacent area. They testify to the human activity in the ancient necropolis in the Modern Period and demonstrate the spread of tobacco smoking in Egypt, the first of the Ottoman provinces to encounter tobacco at the end of the 16th century through the mediation of Europeans. Morphologically, the pipes from Giza can be divided into three types in the shape of a cup — lily-shaped, round-cylindrical and daffodil-shaped. The round-cylindrical pipe is attributed as the products of Cairo pottery workshops situated near the Salah ad-Din Citadel in 1730–1780. Other objects demonstrate clay and the method of decorating characteristic of the workshops of Upper Egypt, located in Asyut and Aswan; some of them relate to the early types of the late 17th — early 18th centuries, others — to the late versions of the 19th — early 20th centuries. One fragment belongs to a pipe brought from Istanbul, and refers to the so-called “Tophane style”, which is characterized by bright red clay and gilding or silvering. This elite ware were produced by Istanbul craftsmen since the end of the 18th century until 1929; the pipe found in Giza can be dated to the interval from the 1860s to the 1900s.

Umrevinsky ostrog: Results of the 2010–2017 archaeological research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Borodovsky ◽  
◽  
S.V. Gorokhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
History Of Higher Education ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Metal Composition ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archaeological Monument

Th e monograph is the fi rst source to fully introduce into scientifi c discourse the results of the comprehensive studies of the representative item of the Early Modern Period in the Upper Ob region, the Umrevinsky ostrog, that were conducted in 2010–2017 and are still under way. It is discovered that the cultural layer of this archaeological monument contains structures and artifacts dating back by their traditions to the Moscow Tzardom and the Peter I period. Th e research of an extensive necropolis of the Umrevinsky ostrog and analysis of the metal composition of those cross pendants discovered in the territory of the monument allowed attributing the chronology of its appearance and existence. Th e appendix dwells in detail upon the written sources related to the Umrevinsky ostrog and academic missions of the fi rst half of the 18th century, during which the fi rst items of the archaeological heritage in the territory of Novosibirsk region were found. Th e publication is meant for archaeologists, ethnographists, historians, local historians, museum employees, teachers, and students of the departments of history of higher education establishments.

scholarly journals The Athos Bulgarian history writing of the 18th century between the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Polyvyannyy
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
History Writing ◽  
National History ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bulgarian Population ◽  
The One

The article is dedicated to three Bulgarian historical works created at Athos in the second half of the 18th c. – "Slavo-Bulgarian History" by Saint Paisius of Hilendar, anonymous "Zograf History" and "Brief History of the Bulgarian Slav People" by monk-priest Spyridon of Gabrovo. By the author’s opinion, these works, on the one hand, were born in the atmosphere of rivalry between the monasteries of Athos and their Greek, Bulgarian and Serbian clergy, and on the other, were actualised by the strengthening contacts of Hilandar and Zograf with Bulgarian lands. If the first affected the contents of the mentioned works, the second lead to sufficient enlargement of their audience, which, in its turn, became a precondition of the growing interest to the national history among the Bulgarian population of Rumelia in the first half of the 19th c.

scholarly journals Collections coloniales?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 24-38
Author(s):  
Claire Brizon
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Global History ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Shed Light

Based on three case studies of artifacts from 18th century collections preserved in Swiss cultural institutions, I attempt to rethink the use of the word "colonial" before the 19th century, and to apply it to describe collections from the modern period. I attempt to shed light on how these collections could be exhibited to provide critical perspective on these artefacts and the stories they are allowed to tell, in view of the upcoming exhibition entitled Exotic Switzerland? A Global History of the Enlightenment to open in 2020 at the Palais de Rumine in Lausanne.

scholarly journals Polish-English Basic Dictionary of Archaeological Terminology of Modern Tobacco Pipe Findings with Elements of Pipe Production and Tobacco Smoking in the Modern Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Jakub Puziuk
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
English Language ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Pipe Production ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Clay Pipes ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Tobacco Pipes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tobacco Pipe

The aim of this work is to present the translation of professional terminology concerning tobacco pipes acquired by excavation methods, supplementing the already existing term base of concepts with a Polish-English translation, important in the context of the current research on this subject. This dictionary is a translation of the basic terms used in English-language works (also used in works of researchers from Central and Eastern Europe) concerning descriptions of tobacco pipe remains (based on finds of stub-stemmed pipes, one-piece clay pipes and porcelain pipes) in archaeological research, the production of such paraphernalia and elements of history of tobacco smoking, which were additionally supplemented with terms currently used in Polish archaeological literature. This dictionary should be treated as a contribution to further work on standardisation of European archaeological terminology, which should provide an aid for both specialists and enthusiasts reaching for professional literature on antique pipes.

scholarly journals Sources on the History of Siberia in the First Half of 18th Century: Drawings of Artists of the Second Kamchatka Expedition

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
I. A. Shipilov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Visual History

The article based on complex analysis of geographical, naturalistic (botanic, zoological, mineralogical), archaeological and ethnographic drawings performed by artists of the academic detachment of the Second Kamchatka expedition J. Ch. Berckhan, J. W. Lürsenius, J. C. Decker is shown importance of these works as subject-matter and disciplinary scientific illustrations representative of development the Russian science. It is revealed that the images of the named artists are realistic visual representations of the past of Siberia and should be used together with the scientific works of the participants of the Second Kamchatka Expedition to study the history of the region. The qualitative characteristics of naturalistic and archaeological drawings allow for the reconstruction of museum collections that have not preserved to this day. It is concluded that drawings of J. Ch. Berckhan, J. W. Lürsenius, J. C. Decker are picturesque memorial monuments of the Russian pictural art, valuable sources on the history of exploration of Siberia and visual history of Russia in the modern period.

Original editions about China and its inhabitants of the rare book section of the Scientific Library of the Petrozavodsk State University

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Nataliya Vladimirovna Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
State University ◽  
Rare Book ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Chinese Empire

The article analyzes the features of everyday life of the Chinese and the originality of architectural structures in China in early modern period in the memoirs of travelers of the XVIII-early XX century and lectures of academician I.I. Gornostaev. The article shows the significance of the original publications of oriental studies of the rare book section of the Petrozavodsk State University Scientific Library in the study of the cultural history of the Chinese Empire.

The Scientific Status of Oriental Studies and the Fate of Russian Sinology

2021 ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Artem Kobzev
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Philosophy And Religion ◽  
Scientific Status ◽  
Modern System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Oriental Studies

The objective duality of the world, man and mankind should correspond to the pairing of Oriental studies and Western studies, however, science and pedagogy know only the first, or orientalistics. This monopoly was the result of the formation of the modern system of sciences in the field of the global domination of the West, representing the East as its opposite — the Non-West and / or interpreting interaction with it in value-asymmetric categories of culture and barbarism. The publication in 2006 of the Russian translation of E. Said's famous anti-Eastern book “Orientalism” and the scientific and educational reform of 2010-2013, provoked a discussion of Russian orientalists in the sense of the concepts of the East and the scientific status of Oriental studies as a complex and supra-branch discipline, which is either a syncretic underscience, or a synthetic superscience. Similar problems have been discussed in Russian Sinology since the 19th, since of all the highly developed cultures of the East, Chinese is the most syncretic, and the science about it is the most synthetic. In traditional China, there were no divisions customary for the West into philosophy and religion / theologians, philosophy and science, humanitarian and natural disciplines, fine and applied arts, etc. Russian Sinology, created at the beginning of the 18th century, corresponded to this specificity, simultaneously with “cutting a window to Europe” to address similar government requests. In the USSR, it was divided into classical Sinology, which was concentrated in Leningrad, with an emphasis on philology and wen-yan, and Soviet Sinology, which was concentrated in Moscow, with an emphasis on history, social studies, and bai-hua. As a result, it was possible to find the most complete reflection in accordance with the standards of classical sinology of the 6-volume encyclopedia “Spiritual Culture of China” (2006-2010). The results of this convergence were also recorded by the 10-volume “History of China from Ancient Times to the Beginning of the 21st Century”, which largely inherited Soviet Sinology (2013-2017). After analyzing these historical phenomena, the article describes the main achievements and problems of Russian Sinology over the past decade and the challenges it faces in the light of the modern rethinking of the scientific status of all oriental studies.

scholarly journals Formation of the Egyptian collection of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan: a contribution to the development of Russian Egyptology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-229
Author(s):  
Anastasia Anatolievna Aksenova
Keyword(s):  
National Museum ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Current State ◽  
Egyptian Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article analyzes the history of the formation of the Egyptian collection of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan during the 19th and 20th centuries. Based on the materials of the archives of the city of Kazan, the national museum, as well as with the involvement of other scientific publications in the context of the museology in Kazan and the development of Russian Egyptology as a science, the four main stages of the formation of the archaeological fund, as well as the current state of the collection of the ancient Egyptian heritage, are examined and analyzed. An analysis of each stage allows the reconstruction of the evolution of Egyptology as a science, and oriental studies in general, in the regions of Russia. This collection of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan is one of the largest domestic collections of Egyptian culture, which has not been exhibited since the beginning of the 20th century. In this context, cataloging and studying the formation of a collection is necessary for its preservation as a unique heritage. The author of the article came to the conclusion about the importance of Kazan University in the development of the archaeological foundation of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan, the role of the collected Egyptian materials in the development of Russian Egyptology and Oriental studies in the 19th century.

scholarly journals Menimbang Gagasan Bryan S. Turner tentang Islam

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Imam Turmudi
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oriental Studies

<p>This article explores the study of Islam by an orientalist, Bryan S. Turner. This study aimed to: <em>first</em>, to uncover the things that underlie the history of thought and movement of Orientalism. <em>Second</em>, to determine the thought Bryan S. Turner about Islam, which is specifically intended as a corrective to the thesis produced by Max Weber about his interpretation of Islam. The results of the study reveal that historically Orientalism, or the oriental studies movement emerged in the 18th century. This movement is often associated as a movement that pretend to control and weaken the East, especially Islam. It is not without basis, since the emergence of Orientalism has led to intellectual arrogance by claiming the West as a measure of civilization, because the East presented only in accordance with the construction used by the West.</p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Orientalism, Orient, West, civilization.</p>

Tea, Porcelain, and Silk: Chinese Exports to the West in the Early Modern Period

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Po
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Tracing the social lives of tea, porcelain, and silk, it is discernible that the world had been living with commodities made in and exported from China for a fairly long period of time. Particularly, when tea slowly became more common in England during the 18th century, most Britons tended to purchase tea leaves planted in the Yangtze River Delta and the Fujian region. When Europeans first encountered Chinese porcelain, it was so fine, translucent, and superior to anything that they could possibly manufacture at the time. They thus concluded that it must be a magic substance and astonishingly called it “white gold.” The Western obsession about Chinese porcelain, in turn, encouraged Europeans to produce their own imitations in terms of both production processes and marketing strategies. When silkworm disease ruined European sericulture in the middle of the 19th century, Chinese silk, including silk textiles and spun and raw silks, fulfilled a need in a demanding Euro-American market. These examples, among many others, conceivably reveal that China has played a crucial role in the global history of the dissemination and consumption of commodities since the early modern period.

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