scholarly journals Mechanisms of visual loss in papilledema

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. E5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens M. Schirmer ◽  
Thomas R. Hedges
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Intracranial Mass Lesion ◽  
Optic Discs

✓ The term “papilledema” indicates swelling of the optic discs secondary to increased intracranial pressure. Papilledema can be caused by an intracranial mass lesion or by other factors. Visual symptoms frequently accompany papilledema, which can lead to permanent visual loss if left untreated. Starting with an illustrative case, the authors review the pathophysiology of the visual signs and symptoms of papilledema. They also briefly review potential treatment options, focusing on the role of the neurosurgeon in the treatment of patients with papilledema.

Systemic Weber-Christian disease presenting as an intracranial mass lesion

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Mangiardi ◽  
Z. Harry Rappaport ◽  
Joseph Ransohoff
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Mass Lesion ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intracranial Mass ◽  
Intracranial Mass Lesion ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A case is reported in which systemic Weber-Christian disease presented as a dural mass causing the signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. The literature and possible pathogenesis of this entity are discussed.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics and Rhinorrhea: The Role of Shunting in Repair

1983 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Komisar ◽  
Stephen Weitz ◽  
Robert J. Ruben
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Csf Rhinorrhea ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Parasellar Region ◽  
Csf Leakage ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

CSF rhinorrhea can have many causes: traumatic, neoplastic, and iatrogenic origins are common. Most traumatic rhinorrhea ceases after a trial of conservative management. While obvious erosion or traumatic destruction of vital structures may be the underlying cause, other pathophysiologic mechanisms may be working in the formation of CSF rhinorrhea, which may require the combined skills of the otolaryngologist and the neurosurgeon. Leakage of CSF is seen in “high-pressure rhinorrhea,” a pathophysiologic state wherein the underlying problem is poor CSF resorption. The result is increased intracranial pressure and eventual rhinorrhea or otorrhea. Areas of CSF leakage correspond to sites of congenital weakness in the cribriform plate region, the parasellar region, or the temporal bone. Weak areas in old base-of-skull fracture sites may leak with increased intracranial pressure. The initial management should stress correction of the deranged pathophysiology, namely shunting. Surgical repair is secondary to controlling the abnormal CSF dynamics.

Headache

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt F. Dittrich
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Nonpharmacological Treatment ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Headache Management

Having a solid grasp of headaches is essential for the pain provider. This required knowledge should include understanding the anatomy and physiology of headaches; knowing how to classify headaches using the second edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders; recognizing the physical, psychological, and social factors that may contribute to headaches; and understanding the role of counseling and nonpharmacological treatment options. It is essential to understand the pharmacological aspects of headache management as well as some of the nuances of the specific medications most often used. A pain provider should be able to recognize when signs and symptoms of a headache warrant further investigation as well as when to offer alternative treatment options to patients. The questions in this chapter are designed to assist in gathering this knowledge base and assist the pain provider in analyzing the headache condition.

scholarly journals Adult Neuroblastoma Complicated by Increased Intracranial Pressure: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick L. Stevens ◽  
Douglas B. Johnson ◽  
Mary Ann Thompson ◽  
Vicki L. Keedy ◽  
Haydar A. Frangoul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Poor Overall Survival

Neuroblastoma is the third most commonly occurring malignancy of the pediatric population, although it is extremely rare in the adult population. In adults, neuroblastoma is often metastatic and portends an extremely poor overall survival. Our case report documents metastatic neuroblastoma occurring in a healthy 29-year-old woman whose course was complicated by an unusual presentation of elevated intracranial pressures. The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy, I131metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) radiotherapy, and autologous stem cell transplant (SCT). Unfortunately the patient’s response to therapy was limited and she subsequently died. We aim to review neuroblastoma in the context of increased intracranial pressure and the limited data of neuroblastoma occurring in the adult population, along with proposed treatment options.

Aggressive Cranial Vault Decompression for Cranial Hyperostosis: Technical Case Report of Two Cases

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. E212-E212 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mocco ◽  
Ricardo J. Komotar ◽  
Brad E. Zacharia ◽  
Neil A. Feldstein ◽  
Jeffrey N. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Cranial Vault ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cranial Nerve Dysfunction ◽  
Surgical Options ◽  
Nerve Dysfunction ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Camurati-Engelmann's disease, also known as progressive diaphysial dysplasia, is a disorder of the bone metabolism. Neurological manifestations of progressive diaphysial dysplasia include cranial nerve dysfunction, generalized weakness, cerebellar herniation, and increased intracranial pressure. In the past, surgical intervention has been of limited and temporary benefit. We present two patients with cranial hyperostosis secondary to Camurati-Engelmann's disease who were treated successfully with a single surgery involving a combination of multiple craniotomies for cranial vault decompression. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Two patients presented with signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure secondary to Camurati-Engelmann's syndrome. Radiological workup revealed marked cranial hyperostosis. INTERVENTION: The patients underwent aggressive cranial vault decompression. Multiple craniotomies were performed, and the inner table was then drilled down until the bone was 1 cm thick. CONCLUSION: Effective surgical options are needed for clinically significant cranial hyperostosis. In an effort to further define operative management in these patients, we describe a single, aggressive surgical procedure that may be used for successful cranial decompression.

scholarly journals Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Post-measles Vaccine: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Arafa Helaly ◽  
Ahmed Ezzat ◽  
Mohammed Gamal Abdellatif
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Csf Pressure ◽  
General Signs ◽  
Sixth Nerve

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is characterized by an increase in intracranial pressure with no significant structural cause. The diagnostic criteria include general signs and symptoms of generalized increased intracranial pressure or papilledema, increased Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) pressure (>250 mm H2 O), and normal brain imaging. It usually occurs in adults but rarely can be seen in children. We report a 7-year-old child with a manifestation of increased intracranial tension after the measles vaccine, associated with bilateral sixth nerve palsy and bilateral facial palsy with lower motor neuron features. Normal magnetic resonance imaging and CSF results were normal, except for an increase in CSF pressure. The symptoms began to be resolved after lumbar puncture with the complete resolution of symptoms after one and half months. We add also acetazolamide at the proper dose to reduce intracranial pressure from the first day of diagnosis.

scholarly journals Central neurocytomas of uncommon locations: report of two cases

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francinaldo Lobato Gomes ◽  
Luciano Ricardo França ◽  
Samuel Tau Zymberg ◽  
Sérgio Cavalheiro
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Pineal Region ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Uncommon Location

We report two patients with central neurocytomas at an uncommon location in the brain. The first, a 58-year-old man presenting with signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, had a tumor located at the pineal region. The second, a 21-year-old woman with tumor in the aqueductal region had worsening migraine-like headaches and diplopia. Both patients had obstructive hydrocephalus treated by neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy and biopsy of the tumors. No additional treatment was done. We conclude that neurocytomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tumors located in the pineal and aqueductal regions.

Metabolic Disorders Presenting with Seizures in the Neonatal Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 219-235
Author(s):  
Elise Brimble ◽  
Maura R.Z. Ruzhnikov
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Pediatric Neurologist ◽  
Diagnostic Framework

AbstractMetabolic disorders represent rare but often treatable causes of seizures and epilepsy of neonatal onset. As seizures are relatively common in the neonatal period, systemic clues to a specific diagnosis may be lacking or shrouded by acute illness. An important role of the consulting pediatric neurologist is to identify neonates with a possible metabolic or otherwise genetic diagnosis. In this review, the authors describe presenting signs and symptoms, a diagnostic framework, and disorder-specific treatment options for inborn errors of metabolism that may present in the neonatal period. Specific attention is given to the neurologic aspects of each condition, including the electroclinical phenotype and findings on brain imaging. As expedited diagnosis and prompt initiation of available therapies have been demonstrated to result in improved epilepsy and developmental outcomes, this work acts as a framework to guide evaluation when an inherited metabolic disorder is suspected. In addition to informing treatment, a definitive diagnosis allows for appropriate counseling regarding prognosis, any associated screening or preventive measures, and family planning.

Pneumocephalus in patients with CSF shunts

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Ruge ◽  
Leonard J. Cerullo ◽  
David G. McLone
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Aqueductal Stenosis ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Csf Shunts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors present two cases of pneumocephalus occurring in patients with permanent shunts and review nine previously reported cases. Mental status changes and headache are the most common presenting symptoms. Six of the 11 cases of pneumocephalus occurred in patients with shunt placement for hydrocephalus secondary to aqueductal stenosis. In these patients, thinned cerebrospinal fluid barriers secondary to longstanding increased intracranial pressure may predispose them to pneumocephalus. Temporary extraventricular drainage is an effective method of treatment in this group of patients. Two other etiologies are identified with significance to treatment, and the role of craniotomy is discussed.

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