scholarly journals A Breccia Pipe in the Deseret Limestone, South Flank of the Uinta Mountains, Northern Utah

Geosites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Thomas Chidsey ◽  
David Eby ◽  
Douglas Sprinkel
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Hydrothermal Solutions ◽  
Fracture Zones ◽  
Uinta Mountains ◽  
Breccia Pipe ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Northern Utah ◽  
Break Up

A breccia pipe is a cylindrical- or irregular-shaped mass of brecciated rock. A breccia consists of broken, angular fragments of rock cemented together by a fine-grained matrix. Hydrothermal breccia pipes form when hydrothermal solutions force their way towards the surface through zones of weakness or fracture zones and naturally break up the rocks in the process, i.e., hydrofracturing; breccia pipes can also form by collapse. Hydrothermal breccia pipes can contain ore deposits and, as will be discussed later, are associated with some large oil and gas accumulations in southeastern Utah.

Experimental study of influence of oil-cracking processes in hydrothermal solutions on formation of various types of oil-and-gas deposits

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
V. S. Balitsky ◽  
M. A. Novikova ◽  
S. V. Penteley ◽  
L. V. Balitskaya ◽  
T. M. Bublikova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Hydrothermal Solutions ◽  
Oil Cracking

Ceramic Proppants Based on Ultrabasic Rocks of Kazakhstan Chromite Ore Deposits

2019 ◽  
Vol 946 ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
A.A. Biryukova ◽  
T.D. Dzhienalyev ◽  
A.V. Boronina
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chrome Spinel ◽  
Overburden Rock ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Silicate Ceramic

The purpose of the work is the obtaining of magnesium silicate ceramic proppants, based on ultrabasic overburden rocks of Kempirsai deposits of chromite ores (Kazakhstan). The chemical and mineralogical composition of ultrabasic overburden rock was studied by chemical, microscopic and X-ray diffraction analyzes. It is established that the main mineral of ultrabasic overburden rocks is serpentine, present in the form of fibrous chrysotile and lamellar antigorite. In the impurities are iron oxides and hydroxides, chrome spinel, carbonates, quartz. Assessment of the use of overburden rocks as a raw material for the production of ceramic proppants was carried out. The sintering interval of overburden rocks was determined at 1280-1300 °C. The sintering firing optimum temperature of ceramics, based on this type of raw material is 1300 °C. It is established that to harden the structure of magnesium silicate ceramic it is necessary to activate the raw material thermally at a temperature of 1000 °C. The influence of binder type on the properties of magnesium silicate proppants, based on the Kempirsai serpentinites was studied. Magnesium silicate proppants, based on ultrabasic overburden rocks, were obtained with the following properties: apparent density – 1.6 g/cm3, strength resistance (52 MPa) – 14%, sphericity and roundness – 0.8; chemical resistance (hydrochloric acid) – 98%, static strength of the fraction 16/20 - 72–118 N/granule. The field of application is oil and gas production, metallurgy and ceramic industries.

The Giant Chalukou Porphyry Mo Deposit, Northeast China: The Product of a Short-Lived, High Flux Mineralizing Event

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Zhao ◽  
Degao Zhai ◽  
Ryan Mathur ◽  
Jiajun Liu ◽  
David Selby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Porphyry Cu ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Porphyry Mo Deposit

Abstract Whether giant porphyry ore deposits are the products of single, short-lived magmatic-hydrothermal events or multiple events over a prolonged interval is a topic of considerable debate. Previous studies, however, have all been devoted to porphyry Cu and Cu-Mo deposits. In this paper, we report high-precision isotope dilution-negative-thermal ionization mass spectrometric (ID-N-TIMS) molybdenite Re-Os ages for the newly discovered, world-class Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit (reserves of 2.46 Mt @ 0.087 wt % Mo) in NE China. Samples were selected based on a careful evaluation of the relative timing of the different vein types (i.e., A, B, and D veins), thereby ensuring that the suite of samples analyzed could be used to reliably determine the age and duration of mineralization. The molybdenite Re-Os geochronology reveals that hydrothermal activity at Chalukou involved two magmatic-hydrothermal events spanning an interval of 6.92 ± 0.16 m.y. The first event (153.96 ± 0.08/0.63/0.79 Ma, molybdenite ID-N-TIMS Re-Os age) was associated with the emplacement of a granite porphyry dated at 152.1 ± 2.2 Ma (zircon laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-microscopic [LA-ICP-MS] U-Pb ages), and led to only minor Mo mineralization, accounting for <10% of the overall Mo budget. The bulk of the Mo (>90%) was deposited in less than 650 kyr, between 147.67 ± 0.10/0.60/0.76 and 147.04 ± 0.12/0.72/0.86 Ma (molybdenite ID-N-TIMS Re-Os ages), coincident with the emplacement of a fine-grained porphyry at 148.1 ± 2.6 Ma (zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages). The high-precision Re-Os age determinations presented here show, contrary to the finding of a number of studies of porphyry Cu and Cu-Mo systems, that the giant Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit primarily formed in a single, short-lived (<650 kyr) hydrothermal event, suggesting that this may also have been the case for other giant porphyry Mo deposits.

The Hayfield Sandstone Play: the characterisation of a Mesoproterozoic sourced, Proterozoic sandstone reservoired, tight oil and gas play in the Beetaloo Sub-basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Carl Altmann ◽  
Brenton Richards ◽  
Alexander Côté ◽  
Cassandra Bein ◽  
Elizabeth Baruch-Jurado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Tight Oil ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Gas Streams ◽  
Matrix Permeability ◽  
Reservoir Facies

The Hayfield Sandstone is a Neoproterozoic, 10–15 m thick, very fine- to fine-grained sandstone, interpreted to have been deposited in a shelfal-marine environment. The reservoir sandstone is characterised by high porosity and low matrix permeability, which is complimented by partially mineralised open fractures which may contribute significantly to overall system permeability. Hydrocarbon phase across the identified play fairway is interpreted to range from a gas with the potential for condensate and liquefied petroleum gas streams to a light, ~38 API gravity oil. The extent of the prospective play fairway and the distribution and connectivity of reservoir facies is poorly constrained due to a limited number of well penetrations and poor resolution 2D seismic data. From the wells drilled to date, the gross area of the prospective play fairway could be as low as 300 km2 or greater than 1500 km2.

The Calving Events of Petermann Glacier From 2008 to 2012: Ice Island Drift Characteristics, Assessment of Fracture Events, and Geographical Data Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Zeinali Torbati ◽  
Ian D. Turnbull ◽  
Rocky S. Taylor ◽  
Derek Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Arctic Shipping ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Eastern Canadian Arctic

Abstract The eastern Canadian Arctic is an ice-prone environment that is a vital part of Canadian Arctic shipping lanes. A better understanding of the ice environment and ice characteristics in this region is essential for supporting safe and economical marine activities. This study presents a first analysis of the drift of ice islands that originated from the Petermann Glacier calving events in northwest Greenland between 2008 and 2012. These massive calving events generated numerous smaller ice islands and icebergs through subsequent deterioration and break-up events. Surviving ice features drifted further southward into the Baffin Bay and reached as far as offshore Newfoundland (∼47 °N) for the case of the 2010 calving event. The drift characteristics of Petermann ice islands are evaluated through the analysis of the recently developed Canadian Ice Island Drift, Deterioration and Detection (CI2D3) database. The average drift distance, speed, and directions of the ice islands that resulted from the 2008, 2010, and 2012 calving events were estimated using successive observations of the monitored ice islands in the CI2D3 database. This study also includes an assessment of fracture events, including the total number of ice island break-up events following each massive calving event and the average number of daughter ice islands resulting from each break-up event. A geographical analysis of the data was also performed to present the location of the fracture events, as well as the time series of latitude change of Petermann ice islands from their origin (northwest Greenland ice tongues) to where until they became too small (< 0.25 km2) to be delineated in the CI2D3 database. This information is of particular interest to marine activities in the eastern Canadian Arctic, and oil and gas operations offshore Newfoundland and Labrador.

scholarly journals Highly Metalliferous Potential of Framboidal and Nodular Pyrite Varieties from the Oil-Bearing Jurassic Bazhenov Formation, Western Siberia

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Kirill S. Ivanov ◽  
Valery V. Maslennikov ◽  
Dmitry A. Artemyev ◽  
Aleksandr S. Tseluiko
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Massive Sulfide ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
Sulfide Deposits ◽  
Bazhenov Formation ◽  
Zn And Cu In ◽  
Positive Correlations

In the Bazhenov Formation, framboidal clusters and nodular pyrite formed in the dysoxic–anoxic interface within organic-rich sediments. Some nodule-like pyritized bituminous layers and pyrite nodules are similar to pyritized microbial mat fragments by the typical fine laminated structure. Framboidal pyrite of the Bazhenov Formation is enriched in redox-sensitive elements such as Mo, V, Au, Cu, Pb, Ag, Ni, Se, and Zn in comparison with the host shales and nodular pyrite. Nodular pyrite has higher concentrations of As and Sb, only. Strong positive correlations that can be interpreted as nano-inclusions of organic matter (Mo, V, Au), sphalerite (Zn, Cd, Hg, Sn, In, Ga, Ge), galena (Pb, Bi, Sb, Te, Ag, Tl), chalcopyrite (Cu, Se) and tennantite (Cu, As, Sb, Bi, Te, Ag, Tl) and/or the substitution of Co, Ni, As and Sb into the pyrite. On the global scale, pyrite of the Bazhenov Formation is very similar to pyrite from highly metalliferous bituminous black shales, associated, as a rule, with gas and oil-and-gas deposits. Enrichment with Mo and lower Co and heavy metals indicate a higher influence of seawater during formation of pyrite from the Bazhenov Formation in comparison to different styles of ore deposits. Transitional elements such as Zn and Cu in pyrite of the Bazhenov Formation has resulted from either a unique combination of the erosion of Cu–Zn massive sulfide deposits of the Ural Mountains from one side and the simultaneous manifestation of organic-rich gas seep activity in the West Siberian Sea from another direction.

scholarly journals Tellurium Minerals: Structural and Chemical Diversity and Complexity

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Vladimir G. Krivovichev ◽  
Sergey V. Krivovichev ◽  
Marina V. Charykova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Mineral Species ◽  
Hydrothermal Solutions ◽  
Informational Entropy ◽  
Reducing Conditions

The chemical diversity and complexity of tellurium minerals were analyzed using the concept of mineral systems and Shannon informational entropy. The study employed data for 176 Te mineral species known today. Tellurium minerals belong to six mineral systems in the range of one-to-six species-defining elements. For 176 tellurium minerals, only 36 chemical elements act as essential species-defining constituents. The numbers of minerals of main elements are calculated as follows (the number of mineral species is given in parentheses): O (89), H (48), Cu (48), Pb (43), Bi (31), S (29), Ag (20), Fe (20), Pd (16), Cl (13), and Zn (11). In accordance with their chemistry, all Te minerals are classified into five types of mineral systems: tellurium, oxides, tellurides and intermetalides, tellurites, and tellurates. A statistical analysis showed positive relationships between the chemical, structural, and crystallochemical complexities and the number of essential species-defining elements in a mineral. A positive statistically significant relationship between chemical and structural complexities was established. It is shown that oxygen-free and oxygen-bearing Te minerals differ sharply from each other in terms of chemical and structural complexity, with the first group of minerals being simpler than the second group. The oxygen-free Te minerals (tellurium, tellurides, and intermetallides) are formed under reducing conditions with the participation of hydrothermal solutions. The most structurally complex oxygen-bearing Te minerals originate either from chemical weathering and the oxidation of ore deposits or from volcanic exhalations (Nabokoite).

Mechanical and Microstructural Changes of Fine Grained C-Mn Steel Tubular Undergoing Down-Hole Cold Expansion Process

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar S. Al-Abri ◽  
Tasneem Pervez ◽  
Majid H. Al-Maharbi
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Ferrite Phase ◽  
Expansion Process ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Soft Phase ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Large Expansion

As easily recoverable hydrocarbon resources are depleting, the oil and gas industry focuses more on producing oil and gas from ultra-deep, tight and scattered pockets of reserves. However, these recoveries are not only difficult and expensive, but also require the development of new technologies and materials that can meet stringent requirements regarding operation in sub-surface environment. The emergence of expandable tubular in the late 1990s has opened a new avenue for oil and gas wells design and remediation processes. However, these tubular go through large expansion in diameter at kilometers depths in onshore and offshore wells. This alters the post expansion mechanical and microstructural properties of the tubular that may lead to premature failure during operation. The idea of understanding such variations revolve around complex mechanisms occurring at micro level including multiphase microstructure, grains sizes and morphology, and crystallographic orientations. Initial grains morphology and distribution of phases, and the subsequent changes due to the expansion process lead to significant variations in material properties at macro level. Optical micrographs showed that the expandable tubular material is composed of fine grained microstructure of ferrite phase with some traces of martensite and plate-like structures. Induced martensite results from the phase transformation of metastable austenite induced by thermomechanical processing applied during the manufacturing stage. A reasonable presence of martensite phase in the tubular material enhances its structural integrity, collapse and burst strengths, as well as provides a safeguard against possible mechanical failures such as buckling. On the other hand, the ferrite phase is a soft phase and its presence improves the formability of the tubular resulting in higher expansion ratio. It was also observed that the grains size is affected by the tubular expansion. The presence of elongated grains in the microstructure is due to the excessive deformation as well as the crystallographic reorientation of grains due to the course of tubular expansion. However, no strong texture has been found in the expanded tubular material, which may be attributed to the complex nature of loadings induced during the expansion process. In order to understand the influence of tubular expansion process on mechanical properties of tubular, samples from un-expanded and expanded sections of the tubular (expanded at 16%, 20% and 24% of the tubular original inner diameter) are investigated using standard mechanical testing procedures. Mechanical testing results revealed an increase in yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and hardness, whereas ductility and impact toughness tend to decrease. Fracture surface analysis of fractured tensile samples has also been done using scanning electron microscope (SEM). At lower expansion ratio, fracture surface micrographs revealed a predominantly ductile nature of failure with clusters of fine microscopic dimples intermingled with voids. However, at higher expansion ratio, the test specimens revealed a mixed mode of failure with both brittle and ductile features.

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