scholarly journals INFLAMMATION-RELATED MORPHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN THE MICROVASCULATURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
S.М. Bilash ◽  
M.M. Koptev ◽  
N.I. Vynnyk ◽  
O.М. Pronina ◽  
L.M. Shylkina
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Altered Blood ◽  
Main Components

Microvasculature is a complex structural and functional system that regulates blood supply of body organs, provides transcapillary exchange of fluid and supports the tissue homeostasis. The human microvasculature is represented by the system of small vessels: arterioles, capillaries, venules and arteriolovenular anastomoses. The vessels of this complex become flexible in the altered blood flow; they can deposit the blood corpuscles, get affected by spasms and pass plasma only, change their permeability for tissue fluid. Microvasculature is extremely sensitive to the insults of various factors. Microvascular dysfunction coexists or precedes the macrovascular diseases probably due to joint mechanisms of damage to vessels such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Disorders of microcirculation are one of the main components of inflammation. This article is aimed at the analysis of the scientific publications on the study of morphological alterations in the microvasculature in response to inflammation. The bibliosemantic method was used. The findings of current publications on the morphological alterations that occur in the microcirculation in response to inflammation have been investigated. The analysis has shown significant morphological alterations in the microvessels in response to the proinflammatory factors. Inflammatory processes are accompanied by the events of microvascular dysfunction, associated with hyperpermeability of capillaries, destruction of microvascular endothelial barrier, loss of antiadhesive function of endothelium, etc. In response to inflammation, the marked morphofunctional alterations in the microvasculature of the various organs are observed that are dependent on the time course of inflammation. Early onset is manifested mainly by the spasm of the vascular resistance and dilatation of the capacitance vessels. Disorders of blood rheological properties are manifested by stasis, sludge, microthrombosis.

scholarly journals FORMING OF THE MECHANISM OF THE ENTERPRISE’S MARKET CAPITALIZATION FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF ITS MAIN GOALS OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Kryvovyazyuk ◽  
Oleksandr Burban
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Management Mechanism ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Business Valuation ◽  
Market Capitalization ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Main Components

The article summarizes arguments and counterarguments in the framework of scientific discussion on the formation of a mechanism for managing the market capitalization of an enterprise from the point of view of achieving its established investment goals. The main goal of the research is to create a new approach to the formation of the mentioned mechanism, which was implemented through a critical analysis of the modern scientific publications within the topic. A detailed analysis of the internal structure of the enterprise’s market capitalization management mechanism allowed to define its main components list which includes: a main goal of the mechanism (which is related to enterprise’s value maximization), management methods (financial, administrative, legal), principles (purposefulness, planning, competence, disciplines, incentives, hierarchy), tools (business valuation, financial analysis, benchmarking), subjects, objects, management factors (improving of financial, administrative or production system) and result (which is measured by enterprise’s market capitalization dynamics). Also, it was revealed that there’s a connection between internal components of enterprise’s market capitalization management mechanism and external factors, which can be microeconomic (are under direct enterprise’s influence) or macroeconomic (can’t be influenced from an enterprise’s side). Having summarized the main goals of an enterprise’s investment strategy, three main groups of the goals were selected to reveal the existence of a direct relationship between formation of a mechanism for managing the market capitalization of an enterprise and its main goals of investment activity. First one is related to improvement of enterprise’s value (based on changes in capital), second is related to level of enterprise’s profitability, and third is defined with achieving a positive social effect. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the expression of the effectiveness of the market capitalization management mechanism of an enterprise is a direct identification of the achievement of the goals of its investment strategy.

scholarly journals SPECIFICS OF GASTRONOMIC BRANDING OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Yuliya Olishevska
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Culture Of Consumption ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Stable Representation ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
National Cuisine ◽  
Main Components

Goal. The main purpose of this article is to determine the directions of formation of the gastronomic brand of individual regions of Ukraine and the country as a whole is the main purpose of this article. The object of the study is gastronomic branding of the territory of Ukraine, and the subject is methodological approaches to determining the gastronomic brand of the territory and the analysis of factors of its formation. Methodology. Works on a regional marketing, tourism management, as well as scientific publications on gastronomic tourism and tourist branding of the territory is methodological basis of the research. A systematic approach is used, which is the basis of geographical and tourism scientific studies, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, descriptive and comparative geographical. Results. Determining the features of gastronomic tourism and the main factors that influence the formation of the gastronomic brand and the image of the territory are the results of the study presented in this publication. It is found that the most commonly used is the term "gastronomic tourism", proposed by the World Association of Gastronomic Tourism in 2012, which is considered to be a type of travel in order to get an authentic experience based on the culture of consumption of food or drinks, acquaintance with their unique places and culture through national cuisine. The gastronomic brand is to promote the territory as a manufacturer or exporter of unique high quality food products. Branding is an important element in the development of a country. Brand is defined as the competitive identity of a particular locality (place or region or country as a whole). The main components of the gastronomic brand: well-developed gastronomy and availability of specialists in the field of organizing food establishments using traditional products and availability of authentic food (authentic products) and gastronomic events as well as festivals, competitions. Gastronomic image is a stable representation of the population of the country and partners about the prestige, the quality of services in the sphere of services and food, the quality of life of the population and the culture of consumption of products. The factors of formation of the general image of the country and the image of individual regions are different. The image of the region is a more dynamic characteristic of the activity a local territory. It form in society over a long time and based on personal beliefs of the people. It is a result of prevalence of diverse information about the region, living conditions, work and recreation. Forming a positive image of Ukraine by promoting gastronomic tourism will increase the country's competitive advantages in the tourism industry at the global level. Scientific novelty of the research is the definition of the gastronomic brand of the territory, its main components and the discovery of methodological approaches to geobranding of the territories. Practical significance. Pleasure the tourist needs by diversifying the tourist offer and creating new tourism products, including gastronomic brands and tours, determines the applied value of the study. Expanding the range of tourist offers at the expense of gastronomic attractions will provide a strong development of both individual regions and the country as a whole.

scholarly journals Morphological illustration of alterations in the arterial endothelium in ischemic and reperfusion injuries

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-194
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Pshennikov ◽  
Roman V. Deev
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Ischemic And Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Arterial Endothelium

Background. Reperfusion syndrome is an inevitable event in recovery of the blood flow after a longstanding ischemia. The article is dedicated to the study of the expressiveness of this condition. Aim – to compare the depth of morphological alterations of the arterial endothelium in ischemic and reperfusion injury in experiment. Materials and Мethods. The work was conducted on 90 laboratory animals – rats of Wistar line. Models of ischemia and reperfusion were obtained by compression of the abdominal part of the aorta (1st group) with further conditioning (2nd group). The animals were withdrawn from the experiment and the vessel wall was taken on the 1st, 3d, 5th, 7th day. Preparations were studied in a transmission electron microscope «Libra 120» with automatic scanning of images. Results. Comparison of pathomorphological data obtained in examination of the aortas and iliac arteries of the two groups of animals («ischemia» and «reperfusion») showed that the cascade of pathomorphological changes includes several main stages. Transient ischemia leads to injury (alteration) of the main components of the vessel wall. Under action of this factor endotheliocytes exhibit a nonspecific response changing their synthetic activity that was manifested by a complex of morphological signs in the nucleus, karyolemma, cytoplasm and plasmalemma. In some cells the changes took an irreversible character and were accompanied by rupture of mitochondrial membranes, of general purpose organelles and of plasmalemma. Such endotheliocytes died and were desquamated. Because of short duration of ischemia these changes were insignificant. Subendothelial structures underwent edema which is logical in view of derangement of the barrier function of the epithelium and presence of a mild inflammatory component (in response to death of a part of endotheliocytes and cells of the vascular wall stroma). Examination of the ultrastructure of the vessel wall in the ischemiareperfusion group revealed adaptive and pathological changes in the endothelial cells. Data were obtained that evidence a significant disorder in microhemodynamics in tissues in reperfusion. Conclusion. No significant structural and ultrastructural differences in injuries and reactive changes in «ischemia» and «reperfusion» groups were found. In view of this, for subtle differentiation of pathomorphogenesis of these two conditions it is reasonable to use examination methods with higher resolution.

scholarly journals MOVING: A User-Centric Platform for Online Literacy Training and Learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-97
Author(s):  
Aitor Apaolaza ◽  
Tobias Backes ◽  
Sabine Barthold ◽  
Irina Bienia ◽  
Till Blume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Public Administrators ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Front End ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Young Researchers ◽  
The Web

AbstractIn this paper, we present an overview of the MOVING platform, a user-driven approach that enables young researchers, decision makers, and public administrators to use machine learning and data mining tools to search, organize, and manage large-scale information sources on the web such as scientific publications, videos of research talks, and social media. In order to provide a concise overview of the platform, we focus on its front end, which is the MOVING web application. By presenting the main components of the web application, we illustrate what functionalities and capabilities the platform offer its end-users, rather than delving into the data analysis and machine learning technologies that make these functionalities possible.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Microvascular Dysfunction Manifests Early in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadi Loai ◽  
Yu-Qing Zhou ◽  
Kyle D. W. Vollett ◽  
Hai-Ling Margaret Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Muscle Perfusion

Aim: To perform a deep cardiac phenotyping of type II diabetes in a rat model, with the goal of gaining new insight into the temporality of microvascular dysfunction, cardiac dysfunction, and exercise intolerance at different stages of diabetes.Methods and Results: Diabetes was reproduced using a non-obese, diet-based, low-dose streptozotocin model in male rats (29 diabetic, 11 control). Time-course monitoring over 10 months was performed using echocardiography, treadmill exercise, photoacoustic perfusion imaging in myocardial and leg skeletal muscle, flow-mediated dilation, blood panel, and histology. Diabetic rats maintained a normal weight throughout. At early times (4 months), a non-significant reduction (30%) emerged in skeletal muscle perfusion and in exercise tolerance. At the same time, diabetic rats had a normal, slightly lower ejection fraction (63 vs. 71% control, p < 0.01), grade 1 diastolic dysfunction (E/A = 1.1 vs. 1.5, isovolumetric relaxation time = 34 vs. 27 ms; p < 0.01), mild systolic dysfunction (ejection time = 69 vs. 57 ms, isovolumetric contraction time = 21 vs. 17 ms; p < 0.01), and slightly enlarged left ventricle (8.3 vs. 7.6 mm diastole; p < 0.01). Diastolic dysfunction entered grade 3 at Month 8 (E/A = 1.7 vs. 1.3, p < 0.05). Exercise tolerance remained low in diabetic rats, with running distance declining by 60%; in contrast, control rats ran 60% farther by Month 5 (p < 0.05) and always remained above baseline. Leg muscle perfusion remained low in diabetic rats, becoming significantly lower than control by Month 10 (33% SO2 vs. 57% SO2, p < 0.01). Myocardial perfusion remained normal throughout. Femoral arterial reactivity was normal, but baseline velocity was 25% lower than control (p < 0.05). High blood pressure appeared late in diabetes (8 months). Histology confirmed absence of interstitial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, or microvascular rarefaction in the diabetic heart. Rarefaction was also absent in leg skeletal muscle.Conclusion: Reduced skeletal muscle perfusion from microvascular dysfunction emerged early in diabetic rats, but myocardial perfusion remained normal throughout the study. At the same time, diabetic rats exhibited exercise intolerance and early cardiac dysfunction, in which changes related to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) were seen. Importantly, skeletal muscle microvascular constrictionadvanced significantly before the late appearance of hypertension. HFpEF phenotypes such as cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and rarefaction, which are typically associated with hypertension, were absent over the 10 month time-course of diabetes-related heart failure.

Gamification and Its Application in the Social Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-79
Author(s):  
Staling Cordero-Brito ◽  
Juanjo Mena
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
The Social ◽  
Motivation And Engagement ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Web

This study sets out to conduct a systematic review of the emergence and evolution of gamification in the social environment, its main components, and its application as a learning tool through the motivation and engagement it generates in people. The results were obtained by consulting two major scientific databases, namely, Scopus and the Web of Science, which provided 136 articles published on the social environment from 2011 through to mid-2016 using the term gamification. The results of this study reveal how over time gamification has been gaining importance in the social environment through the use of its components. The highest number of scientific publications come from the United States and Spain. In addition, the use of gaming components increases motivation and engagement. It shows how gamification uses (individual or group) rewards according to the context to achieve the proposed objectives, being successfully implemented in education, health, services, and social learning.

Proprioception Considerations in Surgery

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc R. Safran ◽  
George L. Caldwell ◽  
Freddie H. Fu
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Indications For Surgery ◽  
Prosthetic Replacement ◽  
Postoperative Patient ◽  
Postoperative Rehabilitation ◽  
Current Role ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Tissue Tension ◽  
Results Of Surgery

The role of surgery in proprioception, and the current role of proprioception in surgery, is unclear due to the lack of scientific research and clinical studies. The main components of proprioception in surgery are viewed to be preservation of afferents, promotion of regeneration of mechanoreceptors, and modification of protective reflex arcs in the postoperative patient. Soft tissue tension is hypothesized to be important in the efficiency of proprioceptors. Further, postoperative rehabilitation concentrating on proprioception may improve the results of surgery. With better understanding by clinicians, proprioception may play a bigger role in surgical technique, prosthetic replacement choice, and even indications for surgery. Further, proprioceptive testing may help determine the time course for optimal functional outcome following procedures. Thus, the future for proprioception in surgery and clinical application is expanding rapidly.

Development of the Car Seat through a Wider Range of Active Elements Implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Anca Giorgiana Barbu ◽  
Marian Gheorghe
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Car Seats ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Active Elements ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Design And Manufacture

Car seats represent a constructive - functional system including a variety of elements, assembled on a specific frame, among those the main components are the seat pan, the seat backrest, and the seat headrest. In order to improve the comfort of the driver and passengers, as well vehicle general safety, the car seats are under of intensive research and implementation of advanced developments.Thus, through of variety of sensors integrated into the seat, some important parameters are analysed for keeping the drivers alert and comfortable while driving semi-autonomous or autonomous cars. For adjustment of the seat linear and angular positions, a special system has been implemented, comprising electric, electronic, and pneumatic elements. Also, seat micro-adjustments are possible through the action of specific actuators. The car seat design and manufacture take into consideration a diverse array of data, based on a large range of parameters to face the diversity of drivers requirements. The present paper is advancing a conceptual development of car complex seat, integrating a number of active elements, with multiple possible adjustments. The new seat model is designed to satisfy a larger diversity of people both in terms of comfort and safety.

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