Effects of Structured Exercise Program on Tenderness and Cyclic Mastalgia in Obese Women: An Experimental Study

Background: Cyclic Mastalgia affects women who are menstruating in their 20s, 30s, or 40s. This pain starts about a week before commencing menstruation. During this period, the breasts become sore, tender, and swollen, though symptoms improve later in the cycle or it may be so severe that the patients cannot wear tight fitting clothes or they becomes irritable. The discomfort usually occurs outside and upper portions of both breasts, and it may even affect underarms. Cyclical Mastalgia is a common condition associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. Mastalgia is common ailment that affects about 70% of women and has negative impact on their quality of life. Many scientists believe that the cause of cyclic mastalgia lies in a mix of hormonal activity and something in the breast that reacts to it. Mastalgia is a term used to describe women's discomfort with their breasts, although doctors usually neglect it. Methods: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 30 women will be selected for the study. A questionnaire of breast pain based on the McGill Pain Questionnaire, and a Cardiff chart, will all be employed as outcome measures. The individuals' pre-intervention scores will be collected, and they will be given an exercise routine to follow for four weeks, three times per week. The outcomes of the intervention will be measured afterwards. Our protocol will cover weeks of treatment. Reqular assessment will be carried out. Discussion: This study was done to find out effectivness of exercise program in obese womens with breast mastalgia and tenderness.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CENTCHROMAN AND DANAZOL IN MANAGEMENT OF MASTALGIA.

Mastalgia is one of the most common presenting symptom in female attending surgical and gynaecological OPD. In majority of patients it can be managed with reassurance and simple medication. But in 10-20 % of patient severe pain affects quality of life and causes severe anxiety. Aim was to compare the effectiveness of Centchroman and Danazol in mastalgia by using visual analogue scale (VAS), Fifty-two patients were taken in study & randomized into two groups with all women presenting with mastalgia with VAS score ≥3 between ages of 20-40 years. Centchroman (30mg OD for 3 months) in group 1 and Danazol (50 mg bid for 3 months) to group 2 was given and were monitored for VAS for pain and we found that centchroman is more effective than danazol and there was signicant difference in parameters in both the groups as Age, VAS th score, duration of menstrual cycle, No. of cases with cyclical, non-cyclical mastalgia. Relative risk (RR) of 1.256 at 12 week, 2.280 at th 24 week were noted, P value was found to be signicant. It can be concluded that Centchroman therapy is a safe, equally effective, and less costly alternative to Danazol for the treatment of mastalgia.

Mastalgia and associated factors: A case control study

Background: patients with breast pain are often referred to surgery department. The present study was conducted to determine the factors associated with Mastalgia among women attending a tertiary care hospital Methods: This case control study was conducted on 120 women between the age 18 to 65 in the department of General surgery. The study included case subjects (n = 50) with Mastalgia and the control subjects (n = 50) without Mastalgia. The severity of breast pain was calculated with visual analog scale. questionnaire was given to all the participants and data is collected. Data was analysed by SPSS version 16 and P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant value. Results: Among those who had experienced mastalgia, 76% (46) had cyclical mastalgia and 24% (14) had non-cyclical mastalgia. The mean of pain score was 4.72 ± 2.28 and most of the women(18%) had pain score of “6” which is moderate pain The mean age and Body mass index were higher in the case group than control group (p<0.005). Stressful lifestyle, caffeine consumption, smoking, higher BMI and higher breast-fed infants were significantly associated with mastalgia (p < 0.001). postmenopausal women have decreased frequency of mastalgia which is significantly associated with mastalgia (p < 0.001). Conclusion: age, BMI, Stress, caffeine, smoking, lactation frequency, menopause state were found to be related with mastalgia.

Mastalgia: Risk Factors and Treatment Strategies Used at Two Breast Clinics in Pakistan

Introduction: Mastalgia is a common cause of fear and anxiety in patients especially in south east asia due to high prevalence of breast cancer . Mastalgia is one of the commonest symptom with which women consult a breast clinic. Objective: Aim of this study is to determine risk factors associated with mastalgia,its association with various breast disorders, and various management strategies used for its treatment. Study Design: Prospective Descriptive Study Duration and place of study: This study was carried out at CMH Rawalpindi and Thall over a period of six months from January to July 2017. Materials and Methods: All women presenting to breast surgery clinic with complaints of breast pain, heaviness, and tenderness were included in the study. Patients were initially evaluated at the time of presentation, treatment initiated and then were evaluated after six months of treatment. Results: A total of 93 women presented to our clinic during this period. Cyclical mastalgia was noted in 39.8% (n=37) women while 60.2% (n=56) had non cyclical mastalgia. In 41.9%(n=39) patients no underlying pathology was noted ,49.5%(n=46) patients had benign disorders while 8.6%(n=8) had malignancy. Increased BMI ,lack of exercise were associated with onset of mastalgia while use of OCP was associated with low risk of mastalgia. Of all 45.1%(n=42) responded to measures like reassurance, dietary and lifestyle modifications while 54.9%(n=51) were treated with pharmacological therapy .Those having malignancy were treated according to the underlying malignancy. Conclusion: Careful and thorough evaluation of mastalgia is necessary to rule out any underlying pathology.

A comparative study of centchroman versus evening primrose oil in treatment of mastalgia

Background: Breast pain or mastalgia is one of the most common symptoms presenting to general surgeons. Approximately 60-70% of the women experience some type of breast pain at some point of their lives. Mastalgia may be classified as cyclical and non-cyclical. In cyclical mastalgia the pain intensity is changing during the menstrual cycle. In non-cyclical mastalgia there is no other obvious cause present, the pain is considered to be originating from the breast and the pain remains unchanged during the menstrual cycle. If the pain persists there are a variety of pharmacological agents for treatment of mastalgia. These include 3-6 months course of low dose tamoxifen (10 mg) or evening primrose oil. Other agents include bromocriptine and danazol but are obsolete now days. Newer treatments include centchroman and topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory preparations. In pursuit of finding an effective safe and economical agent to treat it, plan to compare centchroman to evening primrose oil as treatment of mastalgia.Methods: In this study, two groups with 40 patients each will be taken and treatment will be given for 12 weeks and follow up to 24 weeks will be done without medication to assess sustained response or recurrence of mastalgia.Results: Centchroman is a non-steroidal drug found to be effective in the treatment of mastalgia with early and better relief in a time period of 3 months with minimal side effects as compared to evening primrose oil.Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that Centchroman therapy offers safe, effective and economical alternative to Evening Primrose oil for treatment of mastalgia.

ASSESSMENT OF BREAST CANCER INCIDENCE IN PATIENTS WITH MASTALGIA AND ROUTINE SCREENING

About 70% of the women experiences breast pain once in their life time1. Mastalgia is described as tension, discomfort, and ache in breast1. The prevalence of cancer in patients manifesting with breast pain is reported to be 0.3-2% 2. As breast cancer awareness increases, the concern that breast pain may indicate malignancy contributes to the tendency of breast pain to be the most common breast symptom and leads to a woman consulting a breast surgeon3. Breast pain is categorized broadly in to two types; cyclical and non-cyclical breast pain. Cyclical mastalgia is a unilateral or bilateral pattern of pain or tenderness, frequently associated with swelling that reduces with the menstrual cycle. Noncyclic mastalgia tends to be unilateral and is more local than cyclical breast pain. The location of the pain can usually be localized. Typically, most women who had non cyclic mastalgia are in the fourth or fifth decade of life at the time of diagnosis.