scholarly journals Does Creating an Artificial General Intelligence Require General Collective Intelligence in Order to be Reliably Achievable?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy E Williams

General Collective Intelligence or GCI has been predicted to create the potential for an exponential increase in the problem-solving capacity of the group, as compared to the problem-solving capacity of any individual in the group. A functional model of cognition proposed to represent the complete set of human cognitive functions, and therefore to have the capacity for human-like general problem-solving ability has recently been developed. This functional model suggests a methodical path by which implementing a working Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) or a working General Collective Intelligence might reliably be achievable. This paper explores the claim that there are no other reliable paths to AGI currently known, and explores why this one known path might require an exponential increase in the general problem-solving ability of any group of individuals to be reliably implementable. And why therefore, AGI might require GCI to be reliably achievable.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy E Williams

This paper explores how Human-Centric Functional Modeling might provide a method of systems thinking that in combination with models of Artificial General Intelligence and General Collective Intelligence developed using the approach, creates the opportunity to exponentially increase impact on targeted outcomes of collective activities, including research in a wide variety of disciplines as well as activities involved in addressing the various existential challenges facing mankind. Whether exponentially increasing the speed and scale of progress in research disciplines such as physics or medicine, or whether exponentially increasing capacity to solve existential challenges such as poverty or climate change, this paper explores why gaining the capacity to reliably solve such challenges might require this exponential increase in general problem-solving ability, why this exponential increase in ability might be reliably achievable through this approach, and why solving our most existential challenges might be reliably unachievable otherwise.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy E Williams

Considering both current narrow AI, and any Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) that might be implemented in the future, there are two categories of ways such systems might be made safe for the human beings that interact with them. One category consists of mechanisms that are internal to the system, and the other category consists of mechanisms that are external to the system. In either case, the complexity of the behaviours that such systems might be capable of can rise to the point at which such measures cannot be reliably implemented. However, General Collective Intelligence or GCI can exponentially increase the general problem-solving ability of groups, and therefore their ability to manage complexity. This paper explores the specific cases in which AI or AGI safety cannot be reliably assured without GCI.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy E Williams

Human-Centric Functional Modeling (HCFM) has recently been used to define a model of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) believed to have the capacity for human-like general problem-solving ability (intelligence), as well as a model of General Collective Intelligence (GCI) with the potential to combine individuals into a single collective intelligence that might have exponentially greater general problem-solving ability than any individual in the group. Functional modeling decouples the components of complex systems like cognition through well-defined interfaces so that they can be implemented separately, thereby breaking down the complex problem of implementing such a system into a number of much simpler problems. This paper explores how a rudimentary AGI and a rudimentary GCI might be implemented through approximating the functions of each, in order to create systems that provide sufficient value to incentivize more sophisticated implementations to be developed over time.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy E Williams

Leveraging General Collective Intelligence or GCI, a platform with the potential to achieve an exponential increase in general problem-solving ability, a methodology is defined for finding potential opportunities for cooperation, as well as for negotiating and launching cooperation. This paper explores the mechanisms by which GCI enables networks of cooperation to be formed in order to increase outcomes of cooperation and in order to make that cooperation self-sustaining. And this paper explores why implementing a GCI for the first time requires designing an iterative process that self-assembles continually growing networks of cooperation.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy E Williams

Natural systems have demonstrated the ability to solve a wide range of adaptive problems as well as the ability to self-assemble in a self-sustaining way that enables them to exponentially increase impact on outcomes related to those problems. In the case of photosynthesis nature solved the problem of harnessing the energy in sunlight and then leveraged self-assembling and self-sustaining processes so that exponentially increasing impact on that problem is reliably achievable. Rather than having to budget a given amount of resources to create a mature tree, where those resources might not be reliably available, tree seedlings self-assemble in a self-sustaining way from very few resources to grow from having the capability of photosynthesis accompanying a single leaf, to the capability of photosynthesis accompanying what might be millions of leaves. If the patterns underlying this adaptive problem-solving could be abstracted so that they are generally applicable, they might be applied to social and other problems occurring at scales that currently are not reliably solvable. One is the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) funding gap. The funding believed to be required to address the SDGs is difficult to estimate, and may be anywhere between $2 trillion and $6 trillion USD per year. However, bridging the gap between the funding required to meet these goals and the funding available to do so is universally acknowledged to be a difficult and unsolved problem. This paper explores how abstracting the pattern for general problem-solving ability that nature has used to solve the problem of exponentially increasing impact on collective problems, and that nature has proven to be effective for billions of years, might be reused to solve “wicked problems” from implementing an Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) to funding sustainable development at the scale required to transform Africa and the world.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy E Williams

The concept of General Collective Intelligence or GCI is summarized, and the potential for GCI to exponentially increase the general problem-solving ability of the group so that it is far larger than that of any individual in the group, and therefore the potential for GCI to exponentially increase the ability of groups to impact collective outcomes are explored. GCI is represented as a repeating pattern, beginning with a first order GCI, then progressing to an Nth order one, where N might be limited by the resources available, and where each order is suggested to create the potential for an exponential increase in general problem-solving ability. Finally, the claim that such an exponential increase in potential for impact on any general problem makes GCI the most important innovation in human history, and the most important innovation in the near term future, until the transition to second order GCI, is explored.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy E Williams

The AI industry continues to enjoy robust growth. With the growing number of AI algorithms, the question becomes how to leverage all these models intelligently in a way that reliably converges on AGI. One approach is to gather all these models ingo a single library that a system of artificial intelligence might use to increase it's general problem solving ability. This paper explores the requirements for building such a library, the requirements for that library to be searchable for AI algorithms that might have the capacity to significantly increase impact on any given problem, and the requirements for the use of that library to reliably converge on AGI. This paper also explores the importance to such an effort of defining a common set of semantic functional building blocks that AI models can be represented in terms of. In particular, how that functional decomposition might be used to organize large scale cooperation to create such an AI library, where that cooperation has not yet proved possible otherwise. And how such collaboration, as well as how such a library, might significantly increase the impact of each AI and AGI researcher’s work.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy E Williams

General Collective Intelligence has been defined as a system that combines individuals into a single collective cognition with the potential for vastly greater intelligence than any individual in the group [1], [2]. A novel Human Centric Functional Modeling approach [3] has been used define a model for this collective cognition, and for individual cognition [4], as well as for the intelligence of those systems of cognition, in order to quantify this potential increase in intelligence as exponential. Where other approaches assume the functions of cognition are implemented through mechanisms that are not yet confirmed, these functional models are defined from first principles and simply reflect all observed functionality rather than assuming any implementation at all. Here we show that from the perspective of these functional models, the transition from animal intelligence to a human intelligence capable of a sufficient level of abstraction to develop science and other concepts, and capable of exchanging and accumulating the value of those abstractions to achieve exponentially greater impact on the external world, is a well-defined phase change [5]. The transition from human intelligence to GCI, the transition from GCI to second order GCI, and so forth to Nth order GCI are hypothesized to be subsequent phase changes that may or may not occur [5]. The functional modeling approach is used to clarify the fundamentally different nature of the general problem-solving ability provided by GCI as opposed to the problem solving ability of tools such as computation or computing methods [6] that can be applied to any general problem, and why even super computers without general problem-solving ability are limited to the problems their designers can define, and to the solutions those designers can envision [7]. This model suggests that entire categories of problems cannot reliably be solved without this phase change to General Collective Intelligence, and since this exponential increase in problem-solving ability applies to physics, mathematics, economics, health care, sustainable development, and every other field of human study where intelligence applies. In addition, since this model suggests that any exponential increase in ability to impact the external world possible through GCI cannot have been possible before at any time in human civilization, and since another such increase cannot be possible again until the advent of AGI or the transition to a second order GCI. the implications of GCI are profound [8].


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy E Williams

INTRODUCTION: General Collective Intelligence or GCI has been defined as a platform that combines individuals into a collective intelligence with the potential for exponentially greater general problem-solving ability (intelligence) than that of any individual in the group. Cognitive computing applications are executed by intelligent agents on a user’s behalf to optimize individual user outcomes. Cognitive computing platforms are executed by individuals organized by a GCI to achieve greater collective outcomes. The Peer to Peer Social Fabric (P2PSF) is an infrastructure platform proposed to enable the execution of cognitive computing applications or platforms.OBJECTIVES: To explore the functionality required by an infrastructure platform with the capacity to enable the operation of cognitive computing applications or platforms. And to determine whether the functionality of the proposed Peer to Peer Social Fabric is sufficient.METHODS: The requirements of collective cognitive computing were assessed, including the requirement to increase capacity for complexity, capacity to scale number of processes, and capacity to sustain processes. The proposed high-level specifications of the Peer to Peer Social Fabric were compared to those requirements to determine whether that functionality is sufficient.RESULTS: The proposed Peer to Peer Social Fabric appears to meet the requirements of both the operating system for GCI, as well as the requirements of a client enabling individuals and organizations to access either AGI or GCI functionality.CONCLUSION: All of the functionality required by he Peer to Peer Social Fabric might already exist, but an understanding of how that functionality must be combined in order to achieve the exponential increase in general problem-solving ability potentially possible through AGI or GCI is a new and important contribution.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy E Williams

INTRODUCTION: With advances in big data techniques having already led to search results and advertising being customized to the individual user, the concept of an online education designed solely for an individual, or the concept of online news or entertainment media, or any other virtual service being designed uniquely for each individual, no longer seems as far fetched. However, designing services that maximize user outcomes as opposed to services that maximize outcomes for the corporation owning them, requires modeling user processes and the outcomes they target.OBJECTIVES: To explore the use of Human-Centric Functional Modeling (HCFM) to define functional state spaces within which human processes are well-defined paths, and within which products and services solve specific navigation problems, so that by considering all of any given individual’s desired paths through a given state space, it is possible to automate the customization of those products and services for that individual or to groups of individuals.METHODS: An analysis is performed to assess how and whether intelligent agents based on some subset of functionality required for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) might be used to optimize for the individual user. And an analysis is performed to determine whether and if so how General Collective Intelligence (GCI) might be used to optimize across all users.RESULTS: AGI and GCI create the possibility to individualize products and services, even shared services such as the Internet, or news services so that every individual sees a different version.CONCLUSION: The conceptual example of customizing a news media website for two individual users of opposite political persuasions suggests that while the overhead of customizing such services might potentially result in massively increased storage and processing overhead, within a network of cooperating services in which this customization reliably creates value, this is potentially a significant opportunity.


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