Sameness and Otherness in Psychiatry

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. Musalek
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
The One

In psychiatry the interplay of sameness and otherness is of special interest and importance. Patients suffering from mental disorders are deeply affected by the experience of the otherness of oneself and the resulting marked changes in the surrounding world. Otherness is strongly connected with alienation, again a phenomenon which most of our patients with mental disorders suffer from. In this context we should not forget, however, that in former times medical doctors dealing professionally with mental disorders were called alienists indicating on the one hand that they are treating ‘aliens’ but on the other hand indicating the ‘alien role’ of psychiatrists. Alienation leads quite often to objections and hostile behaviour. For these reasons hospitality has to play a profound role in treatment programs for patients suffering from mental disorders and their aftermaths. J.Derrida rightly underlined the structural similarity of the words hostility and hospitality. Treatment settings are usually characterized by mutual and ambiguous relations between sameness and otherness, between acceptance and rejection, welcoming and refusal, integration and disintegration. This means that the problems resulting from the interplay of the sameness and otherness do not affect only patents but also treatment teams. One of the way-outs of the dilemma may be a profound change in treating persons with mental disorders - from the monologue of professionals to the mentally ill patients (no seldom leading to the experience of alienation) to a professional dialogue in a warm atmosphere of hospitality opening the chance for a concerted treatment approach based on reciprocity and confidence.

scholarly journals Dieta monastyczna w świetle nauki medycznej. Teodoret z Cyru i medycy o soczewicy

Vox Patrum ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 297-329
Author(s):  
Maciej Kokoszko ◽  
Jolanta Dybała ◽  
Krzysztof Jagusiak ◽  
Zofia Rzeźnicka
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Theodoret Of Cyrus ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Culinary Uses ◽  
The One ◽  
Medical Writings

The present article discusses one of the most important ingredients of the Syrian ascetic diet (from the beginning of the IVth to the mid Vth century) as de­scribed by Theodoret of Cyrus in his Historia religiosa, namely lentils (fakÒj). The basis of the research is constituted by ancient and byzantine medical trea­tises composed between the Ist and the VIIth centuries by Dioscurides, Galen, Oribasiusa, Aetius of Amida and Paul of Aegina. The aim of the article is to de­scribe the role of the legume and thereby opine on compatibility or incompatibil­ity of the monastic dietetic pattern with the one described by the medical doctors. First, the authors of the study try to show the importance of lentils as food across the area of the Mediterranean. Subsequently, they proceed to sketch its dietetic characteristics developed by ancient and Byzantine medical doctors and conclude that the evaluation was not fully appreciative of the foodstuff. Thirdly, the authors come to show applications of lentils in medical procedures, since both in Antiquity as well as in Byzantium the plant was considered to be a medicine. The discussion on lentils is concluded by introducing culinary uses of lentils, which abound in medical writings. The authors also note that all the preserved rec­ipes envisage the cooking of the food, i.e. a procedure which was usually avoided by the Syrian ascetics.

A Multisite Study of Community Treatment Programs for Mentally Ill Offenders With Major Mental Disorders

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheilagh Hodgins ◽  
Anders Tengström ◽  
Asa Eriksson ◽  
Reidar Österman ◽  
Robert Kronstrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Mentally Ill Offenders ◽  
Forensic Patients ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Reasons For Decisions ◽  
Community Treatment Programs

This article presents reasons for undertaking “The Comparative Study of the Prevention of Crime and Violence by Mentally Ill Persons” and reasons for decisions regarding the study design and choice of measures. A brief portrait of the forensic patients that have been recruited is also presented. Community treatment programs could offer long-term cost-effective care for offenders with major mental disorders (MMDs). The study aims to identify the necessary ingredients of an effective program. Sites are selected in four countries where identification of most, if not all, persons with MMD who commit crimes within the catchment area was possible. Within each site, two samples of patients with MMD are recruited, one from a forensic hospital and one from a general psychiatric hospital. Assessments are completed prior to discharge. Participants are followed during a 5-year period. Comparisons of the forensic patients recruited in the four sites indicate many more similarities than differences.

scholarly journals The role of biotin metabolism in the COVID-19 infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duygu Aydemir ◽  
Nuriye Nuray Ulusu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Biotin Deficiency ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic has become the major health problem in 2020 worldwide and no treatment or cure has been developed until now, however medical doctors use approved anti-viral drugs alone or in combination to treat patients infected by COVID-19. Thus, the outcome and the information of the applied treatments are changing daily basis. One of the changes in the COVID-19 patients has been depilation of the eyebrow and eyelashes. Biotin is a vital cofactor for biotin-dependent enzymes for fatty acids, amino acids, and glucose metabolism. It is known that, biotin deficiency may cause loss of hair, eyebrows and eyelashes. However, either COVID-19 infection or treatment against to cure this infection cause impairment in the biotin metabolism that should be further investigated to better understand possible mechanisms behind the COVID-19 infection and outcomes of the treatment approach to treat it.

scholarly journals Wsparcie studentów z zaburzeniami psychicznymi wyzwaniem dla uczelni wyższych

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dobrychłop
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Type Form ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
The One

The situation of people with mental disorders is more difficult and more complex than the situation of people with other types of disability. Perceiving them, through the prism of negative stereotypes functioning in society describing the disease, as well as the mentally ill person itself, causes many, often irreversible consequences. Support for students with mental disorders but also those experiencing mental health crises is an important challenge faced by universities in Poland today. On the one hand, each university is required to adapt the form of education to the needs and capabilities of students with disabilities, on the other hand, the lack of specific procedures defining the type, form and principles of providing support in relation to the mentally ill, often does not allow for taking appropriate actions. This reality is not facilitated by the existence of many harmful stereotypes, and as a result social isolation from the mental ill.

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism and specificities of psychopharmacological treatment in women

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Saveta Draganic-Gajic ◽  
Dusica Lecic-Tosevski ◽  
Milica Pejovic-Milovancevic ◽  
Smiljka Popovic-Deusic ◽  
Goran Gajic
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Gender Dimorphism ◽  
Psychopharmacological Treatment ◽  
Hormonal Fluctuations ◽  
Hormonal System ◽  
And Behavior

The scope of gender related differences observed in mentally ill persons provides a major source of inference about the role of gonadal steroids in brain function and behavior. Reported gender dimorphism in psychiatry includes the following: prevalence of certain mental disorders specific to female gender, phenomenology and treatment characteristics, i.e. response to the applied psychopharmacotherapy. Structural and functional relationship between the hormonal system and central nervous system is closely correlated with vulnerability to various psychopathological disturbances in biologically different stages in women. It has been observed, for instance, that the association of gonadal steroid activity with serotonin is relevant to mood change in premenstrual and postpartum mood disturbances. Gender related hormonal fluctuations may cause or be correlated with the development of several gender-related psychopathological disturbances. The aim of this article is to review the literature concerning gender-related specificities of psychopharmacological treatment of some of the most important mental disorders in women, such as affective disorder in menopause, premenstrual syndrome and postpartum mood disorders.

Media consumption and desire for social distance towards people with schizophrenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Angermeyer ◽  
S. Dietrich ◽  
D. Pott ◽  
H. Matschinger
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Personal Interview ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
Watching Tv ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThere is ample evidence for a distorted presentation of the mentally ill in the media. However, only little is known about its impact on attitudes towards people with mental disorders. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between watching TV and reading the newspaper on the one hand, and the desire for social distance towards people with schizophrenia on the other. In 2001, a representative population survey was conducted in Germany, using a fully structured personal interview. We found that the desire for social distance towards people with schizophrenia increases almost continuously with the amount of TV consumption. The association between reading the newspaper and social distance is less pronounced and depends on the type of newspaper people read. Since, obviously, there is a relationship between media consumption and attitudes towards people with schizophrenia, inaccurate and one-sided messages about mental disorders should be replaced by accurate and more balanced messages.

Mental Health Outcomes for Female Inmates without a Mental Disorder: Imprisonment and Post-release Effects of Confinement with Women with a Mental Illness

2021 ◽  
pp. 003288552110104
Author(s):  
Diana Cantini Vaisman ◽  
Tomer Einat
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Women Prisoners ◽  
Female Inmates ◽  
Rehabilitative Treatment ◽  
Emotional Coping ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Emotional Condition

This study explores the well-being of women offenders without mental disorders during imprisonment and reentry after having been confined with mentally ill female inmates. We found that this joint confinement causes great distress to the mentally stable female inmates, harming both their mental, physical, and emotional condition and their reentry process and rehabilitation. Our findings led us to conclude that women prisoners should be separated from those with mental disorders or be offered a wide range of psychological and emotional coping tools as well as variety of rehabilitative treatment programs.

scholarly journals Identification of the amine–polyamine–choline transporter superfamily ‘consensus amphipathic region’ as the target for inactivation of the Escherichia coli GABA transporter GabP by thiol modification reagents. Role of Cys-300 in restoring thiol sensitivity to GabP lacking Cys

1999 ◽  
Vol 339 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-655
Author(s):  
Liaoyuan A. HU ◽  
Steven C. KING
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Transmembrane Helix ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cysteine Residue ◽  
Transport Activity ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The One

The Escherichia coli γ-aminobutyric acid transporter GabP (gab permease) contains a functionally significant cysteine residue (Cys-300) within its consensus amphipathic region (CAR), a putative channel-forming structure that extends out of transmembrane helix 8 and into the adjoining cytoplasmic loop 8-9 of transporters from the amine-polyamine-choline (APC) superfamily. Here we show that of the five cysteine residues (positions 158, 251, 291, 300 and 443) in the E. coli GabP, Cys-300 is the one that renders the transport activity sensitive to inhibition by thiol modification reagents: whereas substituting Ala for Cys-300 mimics the inhibitory effect of thiol modification, substituting Ala at position 158, 251, 291 or 443 preserves robust transport activity and confers no resistance to thiol inactivation; and whereas the robustly active Cys-300 single-Cys mutant is fully sensitive to thiol modification, other single-Cys mutants (Cys at 158, 251, 291 or 443) exhibit kinetically compromised transport activities that resist further chemical inactivation by thiol reagents. The present study reveals additionally that Cys-300 exhibits (1) sensitivity to hydrophobic thiol reagents, (2) general resistance to bulky (fluorescein 5-maleimide) and/or charged {2-sulphonatoethyl methanethiosulphonate or [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl] methanethiosulphonate} thiol reagents and (3) a peculiar sensitivity to p-chloromercuribenzenesulphonate (PCMBS). The accessibility of PCMBS to Cys-300 (located midway through the lipid bilayer) might be related to the structural similarity that it shares with guvacine (1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid), a transported GabP substrate. These structural requirements for thiol sensitivity provide the first chemical evidence consistent with channel-like access to the polar surface of the CAR, a physical configuration that might provide a basis for understanding how this region impacts the function of APC transporters generally [Closs, Lyons, Kelly and Cunningham (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 20796-20800] and the gab permease particularly [Hu and King (1998) Biochem. J. 300, 771-776].

You Are the One I Want to Communicate With!

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Pierucci ◽  
Olivier Klein ◽  
Andrea Carnaghi
Keyword(s):  
Memory Bias ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
Communication Partner ◽  
Shared Reality Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Study Participants

This article investigates the role of relational motives in the saying-is-believing effect ( Higgins & Rholes, 1978 ). Building on shared reality theory, we expected this effect to be most likely when communicators were motivated to “get along” with the audience. In the current study, participants were asked to describe an ambiguous target to an audience who either liked or disliked the target. The audience had been previously evaluated as a desirable vs. undesirable communication partner. Only participants who communicated with a desirable audience tuned their messages to suit their audience’s attitude toward the target. In line with predictions, they also displayed an audience-congruent memory bias in later recall.

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