PEMBENTUKAN DAN PENDIDIKAN KADER KESEHATAN JIWA  DALAM MENDETEKSI GANGGUAN JIWA DI WILAYAH KERJA  PUSKESMAS BANDAR JAYA KABUPATEN  LAHAT TAHUN 2020

ABSTRAKTerbentuknya kader kesehatan jiwa di masyarakat merupakan angin segar bagi pelayanan kesehatan jiwa. Hal ini harus didukung oleh tingkat pengetahuan, kemampuan, dan pengalaman kader dalam menangani penderita gangguan jiwa, sehingga perlu diadakan pendidikan bagi kader kesehatan jiwa dalam penanganan gangguan jiwa dan deteksi gangguan jiwa di masyarakat. Kader kesehatan jiwa berperan sebagai penghubung antara tenaga kesehatan di fasilitas kesehatan dengan masyarakat. Metode dilakukan dengan cara berkoordinasi dengan ketua kader kesehatan dan petugas kesehatan di Puskesmas Bandar Jaya untuk membentuk kader kesehatan jiwa dan memberikan edukasi kader terkait penanganan dan pendeteksian gangguan jiwa.Tingkat pengetahuan kader tentang penanganan dan pendeteksian gangguan jiwa sebelum dibentuknya kader kesehatan jiwa dan pendidikan kesehatan pada kategori kurang (75%) dan cukup (25%), dan semua kader tidak dapat mendeteksi gangguan jiwa. Setelah mendapatkan penyuluhan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan kader pada kategori baik menjadi 60%, kategori baik 40%, dan tidak ada kader dalam kategori tingkat pengetahuan kurang, untuk deteksi gangguan jiwa 75% kader mampu mendeteksi gangguan jiwa. Setelah terciptanya kader kesehatan jiwa dan kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat menciptakan kader kesehatan jiwa di masyarakat yang dapat meningkatkan efektivitas pencegahan, kuratif, dan pemulihan masalah kesehatan jiwa khususnya dalam penanganan dan pendeteksian gangguan jiwa di masyarakat. Kata kunci: kader kesehatan jiwa; dekteksi gangguan jiwa; gangguan jiwa; komunitas. ABSTRACTThe establishment of mental health cadres in the community is good news for mental health services. It must be supported by the cadre’s level of knowledge, ability, and experience in handling people with mental disorders. It is necessary to educate mental health cadres on handling mental disorders and detecting mental disorders in the community. Mental health cadres serve as a communicator between health workers in health facilities and the community. The method is used by coordinating with cadre’s leader and health workers in the Bandar Jaya Public health center to educate cadres about handling and detecting mental disorders. The level of knowledge of cadres before education and training was 74% of respondents lacking knowledge, 25% of respondents had sufficient knowledge, and no one of respondents had good knowledge of handling and detecting mental disorders. The level of knowledge obtained after education was carried out, and there was an increase in knowledge where 60% of respondents obtained good knowledge scores, 40% of respondents had sufficient knowledge. There were no respondents who found that their level of knowledge was lacking. This activity is expected to create mental health cadres in the community to increase the effectiveness of preventive, curative, and recovery mental health problems, especially in handling and detecting mental disorders in the community. Keywords: mental health cadre; mental disorder detection; mental disorders; community.

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What Elephant? Pedagogical Approaches to Addressing Stigma Toward Mental Disorders in Undergraduate Public Health Education

Pedagogy in Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/2373379920922871 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 237337992092287

Author(s):

Briana Mezuk ◽

Belinda Needham ◽

Kevin Joiner ◽

Daphne Watkins ◽

Sarah Stoddard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Public Mental Health ◽

Population Level ◽

Public Health Education ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Undergraduate Public Health ◽

Pedagogical Approaches

In the past decade, the number of undergraduate public health programs has increased exponentially. This growth provides a unique opportunity to explore concepts and issues relevant to understanding the determinants of health at a population level using new pedagogical approaches. One of these issues is stigma toward mental disorders. Stigma is a concept that refers to a feature or characteristic that reduces, devalues, and disempowers a person. Given the prevalence of mental and substance use disorders among college students, undergraduate education is an important setting for attempting to address stigmatizing attitudes both for society at large and for faculty, staff, and students, including those experiencing mental health problems. This article describes an effort to develop an undergraduate course in public mental health that explicitly addresses the ways stigma shapes student understanding of this topic and discusses lessons learned from this experience.

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Where there is no psychiatrist: A mental health programme in Sierra Leone

South African Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v20i3.498 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Pino Alonso ◽

Brian Price ◽

Abdul R Conteh ◽

Carmen Valle ◽

Patrick E Turay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Sierra Leone ◽

Health Workers ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Mental Health Programme ◽

Drug Use Disorders ◽

Health Programme

Background. For most low- and middle-income countries, mental health remains a neglected area, despite the recognised burden associated with neuropsychiatric conditions and the inextricable link to other public health priorities.Objectives. To describe the results of a free outpatient mental health programme delivered by non-specialist health workers in Makeni, Sierra Leone between July 2008 and May 2012. Methods. A nurse and two counsellors completed an 8-week training course focused on the identification and management of seven priority conditions: psychosis, bipolar disorder, depression, mental disorders due to medical conditions, developmental and behavioural disorders, alcohol and drug use disorders, and dementia. The World Health Organization recommendations on basic mental healthcare packages were followed to establish treatment for each condition. Results. A total of 549 patients was assessed and diagnosed as suffering from psychotic disorders (n=295, 53.7%), manic episodes (n=69, 12.5%), depressive episodes (n=53, 9.6%), drug use disorders (n=182, 33.1%), dementia (n=30, 5.4%), mental disorders due to medical conditions (n=39, 7.1%), and developmental disorders (n=46, 8.3%). Of these, 417 patients received pharmacological therapy and 70.7% were rated as much or very much improved. Of those who could not be offered medication, 93.4% dropped out of the programme after the first visit. Conclusions. The identification and treatment of mental disorders must be considered an urgent public health priority in low- and middle-income countries. Trained primary health workers can deliver safe and effective treatment for mental disorders as a feasible alternative to ease the scarcity of mental health specialists in developing countries.

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Prevalence of mental health problems and associated factors among front-line public health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: an effort–reward imbalance model-informed study

BMC Psychology ◽

10.1186/s40359-021-00563-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jing Zhang ◽

Yijing Wang ◽

Jingdong Xu ◽

Hua You ◽

Yan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Workers ◽

Health Problems ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Front Line ◽

Effort Reward Imbalance ◽

Public Health Workers ◽

Reward Imbalance

Abstract Background Poor mental health status and associated risk factors of public health workers have been overlooked during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used the effort–reward imbalance model to investigate the association between work-stress characteristics (effort, over-commitment, reward) and mental health problems (anxiety and depression) among front-line public health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods A total of 4850 valid online questionnaires were collected through a self- constructed sociodemographic questionnaire, the adapted ERI questionnaire, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the 7-item General Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between ERI factors and mental health problems (i.e., depression and anxiety), with reward treated as a potential moderator in such associations. Results The data showed that effort and over-commitment were positively associated with depression and anxiety, while reward was negatively associated with depression and anxiety. Development and job acceptance were the two dimensions of reward buffered the harmful effect of effort/over-commitment on depression and anxiety, whereas esteem was non-significant. Conclusions This study confirmed the harmful effects of effort and over-commitment on mental health among public health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Such effects could be alleviated through an appropriate reward system, especially the development and job acceptance dimensions of such a system. These findings highlight the importance of establishing an emergency reward system, comprising reasonable work-allocation mechanism, bonuses and honorary titles, a continuous education system and better career-development opportunities.

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The Level of Family Knowledge of People Treatment with Mental Disorders at UPTD Health in Blitar

Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) ◽

10.26699/jnk.v3i3.art.p316-321 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 316-321

Author(s):

Rifqi Himmatul Aliyah

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Nursing Care ◽

Social Care ◽

Psychological Treatment ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

Mental Patients ◽

Sufficient Knowledge ◽

The Family ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Lack Of Knowledge

The family is an important factor in determining the success of the nursing care of patientswith mental disorders. One of the mental patients relapse due to ignorance of the family about the careof people with mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge aboutfamily care of people with mental disorders. The method in this research was descriptive. The researchinstruments used a questionnaire. The population in this study was families who care for patients withmental disorders in health UPTD District Sukorejo blitar city. The sample was 33 families taken byquota sampling. The result showed that 45.45% (15 families) had less knowledge 36,37% (12 families)had sufficient knowledge, and 18.18% (6 families) had a good knowledge. This lack of knowledge onthe details of the knowledge in accordance with the treatment of people with mental disorders werephysically ie 60.61% (20 families) lack of knowledge, psychological treatment that were 60.61% (20families) lack of knowledge, in social care that were 81.82% (27 families) lack of knowledge, spiritualcare that were 78.79% (26 families) lack of knowledge of family and good knowledge about the treatmentof people with mental disorders showed 60.61% (20 families) visits of maintenance treatmentregimen. This research was expected to be a reference to improve the understanding of the family aboutthe care of people with mental disorders.

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Public mental health: a psychiatry and public health perspective

Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/ipm.2021.77 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

J. Lyne ◽

L. Connellan ◽

R. Ceannt ◽

K. O’Connor ◽

E. Shelley

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Public Mental Health ◽

Psychiatric Services ◽

Health Issues ◽

Public Health Perspective ◽

Mental Health Issues ◽

Population Mental Health ◽

And Training

Abstract Mental health issues are fast becoming one of society’s greatest health challenges with evidence of higher levels of illness and strain on psychiatric services. The reasons for this trend of increasing mental health problems across the population are complex and there is an urgent need to research and deliver effective public mental health strategies. In this perspective piece we argue that psychiatrists and public health physicians have unique knowledge and perspectives on population mental health. The development of interdisciplinary initiatives and training posts would result in clinicians with expertise to drive forward public mental health strategies. Focused and sustained advocacy and collaboration are necessary for prioritisation of public mental health on policymakers’ agendas.

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Creating a healthy Wirobrajan community from an early age through psychoeducation and early detection of people with mental disorders

Community Empowerment ◽

10.31603/ce.4618 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 732-739

Author(s):

Moh Aminullah ◽

Nurul Hidayah ◽

Jefri Reza Phalevi

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Early Detection ◽

Family Environment ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Problems ◽

Public Health Facility ◽

The Family

Public concern for mental health problems is still very minimal, including in the Wirobrajan neighborhood, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Wirobrajan Public Health Center as a public health facility has carried out various kinds of health education activities. However, the results were not optimal considering this requires the participation of the community in paying attention to health in the family environment. The mental health early detection movement is one of the factors for preventing mental health problems in the family. The purpose of this activity is to conduct psychoeducation and early detection of people with mental disorders (ODGJ) in the Wirobrajan environment. The method used was a cross-sector mini workshop in the form of ODGJ socialization, inauguration of the alert village decree and counseling on the role of families in preventing ODGJ recurrence. The results of the activity showed that mental health cadres had a better understanding of the concept, causes, and treatment of mental disorders, as well as the role of family and the environment in ODGJ. Thus, the cadres will understand more about people with mental disorders and have new abilities related to early detection of mental health.

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Early recognition of mental health problems in Croatia

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.569 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

D Stimac ◽

I Pavic Simetin ◽

A Istvanovic

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mental Health ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

School Psychologists ◽

School Children ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Health Problems ◽

School Staff

Abstract Issue/problem Mental disorders account for the largest and fastest growing categories of the burden of disease in Croatia. Around 30% of the population has experienced some form of mental illness in the past year. 32% of them had more than one mental health problem. 50% of mental disorders arise by the age of 14. School medical doctors in Croatia are in the position to do early recognition of mental disorders during regular check-ups of school children. It is very important that the health care system helps people to be aware of early signs of mental health problems and enable people to get the timely treatment. According to those facts, Croatian Institute of Public Health starts the preparation for implementing screening for mental health risks of school children. The screening will be implemented by the school medical teams for all students as part of regular yearly check-ups in the 5th and 8th grade of elementary school and 1st grade of secondary school. The screening will be carried out using the YP-CORE questionnaire, which measures the degree of general mental distress. Students at increased risk will be referred to Mental Health Departments in County Public Health Institutes. Mental Health Department’s team of experts, which includes psychiatrist, nurse and psychologist, will carry out further diagnostic and treatment. Education of school staff, which includes teachers, school psychologists, special educators, social workers, nurses who are in direct contact with the children will also take place. Parents also should be educated on early recognition of mental disorders and should be recognized as partners in diagnostics and therapy throughout the child’s life. Lessons Early recognition of mental disorders leads to a reduction of psychological distress and increased feelings of control over one’s health. Key messages Early recognition of mental disorders leads to a reduction of psychological distress and increased feelings of control over one’s health. School staff and parents should be partners in earliy recognition and treatment of mental disorders of school childrens.

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Mental Health Help-Seeking and Associated Factors Among Public Health Workers During the COVID-19 Outbreak in China

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.622677 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Rui She ◽

Xiaohui Wang ◽

Zhoubin Zhang ◽

Jinghua Li ◽

Jingdong Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mental Health ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Workers ◽

Multiple Stressors ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Public Health Workers

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak in China has created multiple stressors that threaten individuals' mental health, especially among public health workers (PHW) who are devoted to COVID-19 control and prevention work. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mental help-seeking and associated factors among PHW using Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use (BMHSU).Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 9,475 PHW in five provinces across China between February 18 and March 1, 2020. The subsample data of those who reported probable mental health problems were analyzed for this report (n = 3,417). Logistic and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of predisposing, enabling, need, and COVID-19 contextual factors with mental health help-seeking.Results: Only 12.7% of PHW reported professional mental help-seeking during the COVID-19 outbreak. PHW who were older, had more days of overnight work, received psychological training, perceived a higher level of support from the society, had depression and anxiety were more likely to report mental help-seeking (ORm range: 1.02–1.73, all p < 0.05) while those worked in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were less likely to seek help (ORm = 0.57, p < 0.01). The belief that mental health issues were not the priority (64.4%), lack of time (56.4%), and shortage of psychologists (32.7%) were the most frequently endorsed reasons for not seeking help.Conclusions: The application of BMHSU confirmed associations between some factors and PHW's mental health help-seeking. Effective interventions are warranted to promote mental health help-seeking of PHW to ameliorate the negative impact of mental illness and facilitate personal recovery and routine work.

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Challenges in measuring outcomes for caregivers of people with mental health problems

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience ◽

10.31887/dcns.2014.16.2/xzendjidjian ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 159-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Workers ◽

Systems Of Care ◽

Daily Practice ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Measurement Tools ◽

The Impact

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly important in health care and mental health research. Furthermore, caregivers become partners in care for patients with mental disorders, and health workers are more attentive to the expectations and needs of caregivers. A number of outcomes for caregivers are measured and used in daily practice in order to promote actions to improve health care systems and progress in research on the impact of mental disorders on their caregivers. This paper proposes an inventory of the different outcomes and different measurement tools used to assess the impact of disorders, raising a number of methodological and conceptual issues that limit the relevance of measurement tools and complicate their use. Finally, we propose some recommendations promoting the development of relevant outcome measures for caregivers and their integration into current systems of care.

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The future of psychiatry

Consortium Psychiatricum ◽

10.17816/cp63 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 3-7

Author(s):

Norman Sartorius

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Human Rights ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Workers ◽

Mental Healthcare ◽

Past Century ◽

Middle Income ◽

Adequate Treatment

Since the Second World War mental health programmes and psychiatry have made significant advances. Countries, as well as the United Nations, have recognized the magnitude and severity of mental health problems, and numerous national programmes have been launched to deal with them. Technology relating to the treatment of mental disorders has advanced and significant progress has been made in terms of knowledge regarding the functioning of the brain. The awareness of the need to protect the human rights of those with mental illness has increased. National and regional programmes against stigma and the consequent discrimination of those with mental illness, have been launched in many countries. Associations bringing together those who have experienced mental illness and their relatives, have come into existence in many countries. While these are great steps forward, more work is necessary to complete these advances. In low- and middle-income countries, the vast majority of people with mental disorders do not receive adequate treatment. Even in highly industrialized countries, a third of people with severe forms of mental illness are not receiving the appropriate therapy. Laws concerning mental health are outdated in many countries. The protection of the human rights of the mentally ill is incomplete and imperfect. The emphasis on economic gain and the digitalization of medicine in recent years has not helped. On occasions, this has even slowed down the development of mental health services, and the provision of mental healthcare. Thus, psychiatry must still deal with the challenges of the past century, while facing new demands and tasks. Among the new tasks for psychiatry are undoubtedly reforms which will allow (i) the provision of appropriate care of people with comorbid mental and physical disorders, (ii) the application of interventions leading to the primary prevention of mental and neurological disorders, and (iii) a radical reform of the education of psychiatrists and other mental health workers, dealing with mental illness. Collaboration with other stakeholders in the field of mental health and medicine, will be of crucial importance in relation to all these tasks.

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