scholarly journals New ApproacheThe pharmaceutical industry’s R&D expenditure at the global level in 2007–2018 is analyzed. Two-thirds of the global pharmaceutical companies’ spending on R&D are accounted for s to the Assessment of Foreign Trade in High-Tech Pharmaceuticals

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. О. Honcharenko
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Intermediate Goods ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Pharmaceutical Production

The pharmaceutical industry’s R&D expenditure at the global level in 2007–2018 is analyzed. Two-thirds of the global pharmaceutical companies’ spending on R&D are accounted for by 20 multinationals companies located mostly in the U.S. and EU. With low level of R&D funding, Ukraine cannot produce cutting-edge pharmaceutical technologies. Imports of intermediate goods for pharmaceutical industry are the most widely used and most influential channel for attracting advanced technologies. The aggregation of high-tech goods by functional purpose (high-tech capital goods, high-tech intermediate and high-tech consumer goods) is analyzed. This aggregation is made by combining the Classification by Broad Economic Categories by SITC Rev. 4 (UN Statistics Division) and the High-Tech Aggregation SITC Rev. 4 (Eurostat). Based on this approach, the article identifies a range of high-tech pharmaceutical goods that are essential for pharmaceutical production, and introduces the concept of “high-tech pharmaceutical intermediate goods”. The author compiled a nomenclature of high-tech pharmaceutical intermediate goods by SITC Rev.4 (17 nomenclature positions with 6 digits). For the first time, this statistical tool made it possible to estimate the scale of national economy spending on advanced foreign technology embodied in commodities that are inputs in the pharmaceutical industry. New indicators are proposed: “ratio of import dependence of pharmaceutical production”, “‘purified’ exports of pharmaceutical goods” and “coverage ratio of imports of high-tech intermediate pharmaceutical goods”; their algorithms are given and used in the author’s calculations for Germany (strong innovator), Poland (moderate innovator), and Ukraine as a country with low level of technological innovation in the analyzed field. The author recommends using the proposed new indicators for statistical monitoring and analysis of the effectiveness of science & technology and innovation policy measures aimed at building competitive pharmaceutical industry in Ukraine, reducing its dependence on imports and enhancing its export potential.

scholarly journals Challenges and Research Opportunities faced in Pharma Industries: 4.0

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 366-373
Author(s):  
Om Prakash Goshain ◽  
Satish Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
Pharmaceutical Production ◽  
Framework Development

The use of new technology from Pharma Industry 4.0 promotes sustainable production of value, makes pharmaceutical industry more flexible, clever and customized and thereby helps pharmaceutical companies to achieve economic benefit in long term. The present review discusses about the implications caused in enhancing pharmaceutical production and also investigate that how industry 4.0 aids in increasing the production. The review also discusses about the challenges faced by pharma industries 4.0 and addresses research opportunities faced in pharma industries 4.0. From the review it was observed that, main barriers which come in the way of increasing the production are high cost, time consuming design and framework development, seniors unsupportiveness, lack of good training skills, inadequate business inducement, lack of co-operation and communications. Further it was observed that, smart production system has led to the development of the increased production, but still difficulties and impediment to smart production should be considered in order to achieve expertize in supply chain managerial and sustainable practices.

scholarly journals Strategic Alliances and Financial Performance: Some Empirical Evidence of Bio-Pharmaceutical Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Chakir lamrani
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Data Set

Over the last decades, strategic alliance have played an important role among high tech firms, including biotech and pharmaceutical companies, showing an impact on financial performance. This study focuses on this topic and analyses how strategic alliances portfolios and types of the partnerships affect bio-pharmaceutical companies’ financial performances. Drawing upon a panel data set of 158 alliances during the period of 2003-2013, empirical findings highlight that the number of alliances has a negative relationship with financial performance, whereas partnership types such as licensing and co-development have a positive relationship with the financial performance of biotech and pharmaceutical companies.

scholarly journals Ukraine's pharmaceuticals: from dependence to endogenous development

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-33
Author(s):  
Olena Salikhova ◽  
◽  
Daria Honcharenko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Intermediate Goods ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The article substantiates various theoretical and applied principles of developing high-tech pharmaceutical industries (HTPI). It is established that the key problem of developing countries in this area is the dependence on resources and markets of developed countries, while the involvement of advanced foreign technologies can be a catalyst for increasing the technological potential of host countries (subject to the availability of proper knowledge and human capital, changes in the institutional environment, and improved the framework conditions for innovation). In the context of the development of HTPI, the author shows the importance of the network nature of the acquisition by pharmaceutical companies of sustainable competitive advantages based on resources that are difficult to simulate or replace. It is substantiated that networks built with local research institutions, higher education institutions, and research units of other companies, give pharmaceutical manufacturers the opportunity to access complementary assets and become their specific resource, which provides unique competitive advantages. The author reveals various methodological and statistical features of the categorization of industries by the level of technology in the conditions of globalization. It is substantiated that the current low value of the ratio of research and development (R&D) to value-added generated by pharmaceuticals of individual countries is not a sign of the industry’s low technological level, as the current revenues are the result of long-term R&D and harmonization procedures for launching new drugs with lags of 10-15 years. A new tool for the study of international trade in high-tech pharmaceuticals is proposed, whose peculiar feature consists in the categorization of nomenclature items by end use; the List of high-tech medical and pharmaceutical intermediate goods is formulated (in accordance with SITC Rev.4 and UKT FEA); the following indicators are proposed: the coefficient of import dependence of pharmaceutical production, the coefficient of "purified" exports of pharmaceutical products and the coefficient of imports coverage with HTPI output, and the formulas for their calculation are provided. The author's approach is the first to create the opportunity to assess the scale of costs and the dependence of the pharmaceutical industry on imported components that embody advanced technologies and are the industrial supplies for HTPI. It was found that in Ukraine the share of foreign intermediate high-tech goods in the consumption of the industry reaches 82.2%; the industry, working on imported substances, produces mainly products for the domestic market, without earning foreign currency, even to cover the cost of purchasing the necessary ingredients; manufacturers do not rely on synthesized chemical products of domestic production, primarily due to the fact that the products of the chemical industry for the needs of pharmaceuticals in Ukraine are virtually non-existent; and the increase in output depends on foreign technologies and intermediate goods. It is substantiated that Ukraine’s pharmaceutical industry is critically dependent on imported supplies to ensure the smooth operation of enterprises and the healthcare industry. Key endogenous barriers that hinder the development of HTPI have been identified, including problems in the training of specialists and a lack of scientists whose competencies would contribute to solving the problems of endogenous development of the industry; lack of state aid to business entities for research, and technological and innovative activities; lack of own funds to increase expenditures on R&D and implementation of large-scale investment and innovation projects; and lack of cheap loans, due to which Ukrainian pharmaceutical manufacturers find themselves in unequal conditions compared to foreign competitors. Conceptual bases of HTPI development in Ukraine are proposed; justified the expediency of legal changes, definition of strategic priorities and introduction of measures of development of HTPI in Ukraine based on the comprehensive approach, which will cover creation and development of pharmaceutical ingredients for medicines (chemical and biotechnological goods), medical products, fillers, packing materials, machinery and equipment for pharmaceuticals to help reduce the dependence on foreign technologies, and to increase the level of production localization, employment and revenues to the budgets of all levels.

Collaboration in the Mexican Pharmaceutical Industry

2019 ◽  
pp. 316-333
Author(s):  
José G. Vargas-Hernández ◽  
Alma Isela Rodríguez Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Collaboration Networks ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Patent Applications

The objective of this chapter is to analyze the collaboration networks of the Mexican pharmaceutical industry from an institutional approach. The pharmaceutical sector at a global level is characterized by a high dynamism in innovation and collaboration. One could say that the high value recorded by the industry is due to this. However, in Mexico, the lack of efficient institutions that ensure the appropriation of profits for investment in research within the industry is not perceived; this situation leads us to the next question, What are the dynamics of collaboration between pharmaceutical companies in Mexico? To answer this question, a database was created that identifies the alliances of the companies belonging to the Canifarma. Finally, a comparison of the number of registrations and patent applications between eight of these companies is made to measure the results of this situation.

Ukraine's pharmaceuticals: from dependence to endogenous development

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-35
Author(s):  
Olena Salikhova ◽  
◽  
Daria Honcharenko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Intermediate Goods ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The article substantiates various theoretical and applied principles of developing high-tech pharmaceutical industries (HTPI). It is established that the key problem of developing countries in this area is the dependence on resources and markets of developed countries, while the involvement of advanced foreign technologies can be a catalyst for increasing the technological potential of host countries (subject to the availability of proper knowledge and human capital, changes in the institutional environment, and improved the framework conditions for innovation). In the context of the development of HTPI, the author shows the importance of the network nature of the acquisition by pharmaceutical companies of sustainable competitive advantages based on resources that are difficult to simulate or replace. It is substantiated that networks built with local research institutions, higher education institutions, and research units of other companies, give pharmaceutical manufacturers the opportunity to access complementary assets and become their specific resource, which provides unique competitive advantages. The author reveals various methodological and statistical features of the categorization of industries by the level of technology in the conditions of globalization. It is substantiated that the current low value of the ratio of research and development (R&D) to value-added generated by pharmaceuticals of individual countries is not a sign of the industry’s low technological level, as the current revenues are the result of long-term R&D and harmonization procedures for launching new drugs with lags of 10-15 years. A new tool for the study of international trade in high-tech pharmaceuticals is proposed, whose peculiar feature consists in the categorization of nomenclature items by end use; the List of high-tech medical and pharmaceutical intermediate goods is formulated (in accordance with SITC Rev.4 and UKT FEA); the following indicators are proposed: the coefficient of import dependence of pharmaceutical production, the coefficient of "purified" exports of pharmaceutical products and the coefficient of imports coverage with HTPI output, and the formulas for their calculation are provided. The author's approach is the first to create the opportunity to assess the scale of costs and the dependence of the pharmaceutical industry on imported components that embody advanced technologies and are the industrial supplies for HTPI. It was found that in Ukraine the share of foreign intermediate high-tech goods in the consumption of the industry reaches 82.2%; the industry, working on imported substances, produces mainly products for the domestic market, without earning foreign currency, even to cover the cost of purchasing the necessary ingredients; manufacturers do not rely on synthesized chemical products of domestic production, primarily due to the fact that the products of the chemical industry for the needs of pharmaceuticals in Ukraine are virtually non-existent; and the increase in output depends on foreign technologies and intermediate goods. It is substantiated that Ukraine’s pharmaceutical industry is critically dependent on imported supplies to ensure the smooth operation of enterprises and the healthcare industry. Key endogenous barriers that hinder the development of HTPI have been identified, including problems in the training of specialists and a lack of scientists whose competencies would contribute to solving the problems of endogenous development of the industry; lack of state aid to business entities for research, and technological and innovative activities; lack of own funds to increase expenditures on R&D and implementation of large-scale investment and innovation projects; and lack of cheap loans, due to which Ukrainian pharmaceutical manufacturers find themselves in unequal conditions compared to foreign competitors. Conceptual bases of HTPI development in Ukraine are proposed; justified the expediency of legal changes, definition of strategic priorities and introduction of measures of development of HTPI in Ukraine based on the comprehensive approach, which will cover creation and development of pharmaceutical ingredients for medicines (chemical and biotechnological goods), medical products, fillers, packing materials, machinery and equipment for pharmaceuticals to help reduce the dependence on foreign technologies, and to increase the level of production localization, employment and revenues to the budgets of all levels.

scholarly journals RELEVANCE OF THE COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE PROCESS ON THE SPANISH PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
M. Paula Fernández-Arias ◽  
Pilar Quevedo-Cano ◽  
Antonio Hidalgo
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Competitive Intelligence ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Business Relationships ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
The Future

It is common to find Competitive Intelligence activities within the high-tech enterprises in particular in the pharmaceutical industry. These companies not only use the process of Competitive Intelligence to act against competitors, traditional aim of the Competitive Intelligence. It is increasingly used to enhance cooperation. The Cycle of CI Competitive Intelligence is used both as to extract offensive and defensive intelligence as cooperative intelligence. The paper presents the results of a sample study of 186 Spanish pharmaceutical companies that were asked about the purpose of cooperation in their Competitive Intelligence activities. The results confirm that these are used in the development of business relationships, search for partners, joint research, etc. and that companies bet on these relationships for the future within the Competitive Intelligence.

scholarly journals Promotion of Indian Drugs in Media

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3080-3087
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Competitive Situation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drug ◽  
The World ◽  
Drug Promotion ◽  
Pharmaceutical Production ◽  
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

The Indian pharmaceutical industry is very wide and in volume it has been ranked 3rd in the world. It is contributing to 10% of the total pharmaceutical production. In terms of value the pharmaceutical industry is 14th largest in the world. As far as market is concerned it is 1.5% of the total pharmaceutical market. India is a good source of good quality and cheap medicines with strong retail base. It is also a hub for clinical trials, biotechnology, contract research, and clinical data management services. There has been tremendous competition among all pharmaceutical companies. In this competitive situation, media has emerged as a strong tool to promote pharmaceutical drug to end customers. This research paper contributes to the different aspects of pharmaceutical drug promotion in media in India.

scholarly journals Strategic account management as a value co-creation selling model in the pharmaceutical industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Pilon ◽  
Elias Hadjielias
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Pharmaceutical Company ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Account Management ◽  
A Value ◽  
Key Accounts

Purpose This study aims to explore the dynamics enabling strategic account management (SAM) to function as a value co-creation selling model in the pharmaceutical industry. Design/methodology/approach Using an inductive qualitative research design, data are collected within 11 industry customers in Canada. This work focuses on hospitals as strategic accounts of pharmaceutical companies, exploring SAM value co-creation in the “hospital-pharmaceutical company” relationship. Findings The findings suggest the presence of two key dimensions that can enable a value co-creation SAM model in the hospital-pharmaceutical relationship: “customer-tailored value-added initiatives” and “relationship enhancers”. Customer-tailored value-added initiatives explain the activities that are central to the hospital-pharmaceutical company relationship and can lead to the provision of value added that is unique to the hospital. Relationship enhancers explain the activities that can help strengthen hospital-pharmaceutical company relations in the pursuit of enhanced value-added interactions between the two parties. The research demonstrates a cyclical relationship between “customer-tailored value-added initiatives” and “relationship enhancers”, leading to value co-creation through a SAM model. Practical implications The study informs pharmaceutical industry practitioners on how to improve their value proposition through new, more sustainable selling practices. It offers information on implementing a value co-creation SAM model, which can enable pharmaceutical companies to sustain long-lasting value-added relationships with key accounts such as hospitals. Originality/value The study contributes to the field of SAM by conceptualizing SAM as a value co-creation system. It introduces new knowledge in pharmaceutical marketing by offering empirical insight on the applicability and use of SAM in the hospital-pharmaceutical company dyad.

The Ethics of Accepting Gifts from Pharmaceutical Companies

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1233-1237
Author(s):  
Lewis H. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Subject

How physicians respond to the promotional activities of the pharmaceutical industry is the subject of ongoing debate and controversy. This paper postulates that the acceptance of gifts in virtually any form violates fundamental duties of the physician of nonmaleficence, fidelity, justice, and self-improvement. The medical community must articulate this position clearly, and it should act accordingly.

Happy families in the pharmaceutical industry

1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 77-79
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Parent Companies

Many large pharmaceutical companies operate subsidiaries or divisions with separate names and identities. Some of these subsidiaries have been specially created while others are survivors, in name, of take-overs or mergers. This has led to an increase in the number of trading companies promoting pharmaceutical products and to the practice of transferring established products from the parent companies to their subsidiaries. The results of the proliferation and re-organisation of companies will affect prescribers.

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