scholarly journals Vitamin A Deficiency and Low Prevalence of Anemia in Yaqui Indian Children in Northwest Mexico.

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro E. VALENCIA ◽  
Humberto ASTIAZARÁN ◽  
Julian ESPARZA ◽  
Lucia GONZÁLEZ ◽  
Maria I GRIJALVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Northwest Mexico ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

scholarly journals Vitamin A Supplementation and Child Morbidity and Mortality in Developing Countries

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. Beaton ◽  
Reynaldo Martorell ◽  
Kristan A. Aronson ◽  
Barry Edmonston ◽  
George McCabe. A. Catharine Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Child Morbidity ◽  
Age Profile ◽  
Mortality Trials ◽  
Low Prevalence

A meta-analysis of eight mortality trials indicates that improving the vitamin A status of children aged six months to five years reduced mortality rates by about 23% in populations with at least low prevalence of clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency. The observed effect of supplementation, described in terms of relative risk (RR), was RR =0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.68–0.88; p < .001) and did not differ by sex or age. However, the number of lives saved was greater at younger ages because of higher mortality. A significant RR was shown for deaths attributed to diarrhoea and measles, but not for respiratory infection. Variability among the trials in effects was apparent, but attempts to explain it by descriptors of the population (baseline anthropometric status, prevalence of xerophthalmia, age profile, baseline mortality) were unsuccessful. Owing to the lack of data, firm conclusions could not be reached about effectiveness in children of less than six months and in settings where biochemical but not clinical evidence of vitamin A deficiency exists. Information about morbidity outcomes from about two dozen studies was reviewed. No consistent effects on frequency or prevalence of diarrhoeal and respiratory infections were found. Improvement in vitamin A status did appear to reduce severe morbidity, particularly in children with measles.

Vitamin A deficiency among children younger than 5 y in India: an analysis of national data sets to reflect on the need for vitamin A supplementation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Bhanuprakash Reddy ◽  
Raghu Pullakhandam ◽  
Santu Ghosh ◽  
Naveen K Boiroju ◽  
Shalini Tattari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
National Prevalence

ABSTRACT Background Biochemical vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is believed to be a serious public health problem (low serum retinol prevalence &gt;20%) in Indian children, justifying universal high-dose vitamin A supplementation (VAS). Objective To evaluate in Indian children younger than 5 y the risk of biochemical VAD from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey, as well as dietary vitamin A inadequacy and excess over the tolerable upper limit of intake (TUL) from national and subnational surveys, factoring in fortification and VAS. Methods Child serum retinol data, corrected for inflammation, were examined to evaluate national- and state-level prevalence of VAD. Simultaneously, dietary intakes from the National Sample Survey Office and the National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau were examined for risk of dietary vitamin A deficiency against its average requirement (AR) derived for Indian children. Theoretical estimates of risk reduction with oil and milk vitamin A fortification were evaluated along with the risk of exceeding the TUL, as well as when combined with intake from VAS. Results The national prevalence of biochemical VAD measured in 9563 children was 15.7% (95% CI: 15.2%, 16.3%), and only 3 states had prevalence significantly &gt;20%. The AR of vitamin A was 198 and 191 µg/d for boys and girls; the risk of dietary inadequacy was ∼70%, which reduced to 25% with oil and milk fortification. Then, the risk of exceeding the TUL was 2% and 1% in 1- to 3-y-old and 4- to 5-y-old children, respectively, but when the VAS dose was added to this intake in a cumulative 6-mo framework, the risk of exceeding the TUL rose to 30% and 8%, respectively. Conclusion The national prevalence of VAD risk is below 20% in Indian children. Because there is risk of excess intake with food fortification and VAS, serious consideration should be given to a targeted approach in place of the universal VAS program in India.

scholarly journals Isolated and combined prevalence of anemia, vitamin A deficiency and zinc deficiency in preschool children 12-72 months for the government of Paraíba

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dixis Figueroa Pedraza ◽  
Márcia Cristina Sales
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the isolated and combined prevalence of anemia, vitamin A deficiency and zinc deficiency in pre-school children, as well as the distribution of isolated deficiencies according to gender, age and prior supplementation with vitamin A. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with pre-school children in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Analysis of the average concentrations of hemoglobin, serum retinol and serum zinc, according to gender, age and previous vitamin A supplementation of children were carried out as well as the risk of simultaneous occurrence of micronutrient deficiencies in the presence of these deficiencies. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia, vitamin A deficiency and zinc deficiency were 15.4%, 23.3% and 13.8%, respectively. The anemia was significantly associated with age (p<0.01). Children previously supplemented by vitamin A had higher serum retinol concentrations than children without supplements, an effect that was not observed for concentrations of hemoglobin or serum zinc. The prevalence of anemia associated with vitamin A deficiency was 5.8%, with the chance of vitamin A deficiency and anemia coexist 2.21 times (95%CI=1.03-4.84) higher in the case of vitamin A deficiency or anemia rather than in the absence of these conditions. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies which are important in child growth, as well as the coexistence of nutritional deficiencies, point out the need to strengthen nutrition intervention strategies that consider this issue.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Program Fortifikasi Minyak Goreng dengan Vitamin A terhadap Status Gizi Anak Sekolah di Kota Makasar

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Achadi ◽  
Siti Arifah ◽  
Siti Muslimatun ◽  
Trisari Anggondowati ◽  
Asih Setiarini
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Di Indonesia, kekurangan Vitamin A masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting seperti terlihat pada balita penderita vitamin A defisiensi subklinis yang tinggi (50%). Hal tersebut akan berpengaruh terhadap berbagai fungsi tubuh yang antara lain meliputi sistem imun, penglihatan, sistem reproduksi dan diferensiasi sel. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kontribusi konsumsi minyak yang diperkaya vitamin A dalam memperbaiki status vitamin A dan hemoglobin balita. Penelitian dengan disain studi intervensi Before-After ini dilaksanakan pada anak sehat berusia 7-10 tahun yang diberi obat cacing sebelum intervensi dilakukan. Pengukuran serum retinol dan hemoglobin dilakukan sebelum dan 3 bulan setelah intervensi . Minyak yang difortifikasi vitamin A telah disediakan di warung/ toko di sekitar tempat tinggal responden. Untuk meningkatkan demand, penelitian ini dilengkapi dengan pendekatan pemasaran sosial yang dilakukan pihak lain. Secara umum tidak terlihat perubahan status gizi, tetapi prevalensi anemia turun dari 21,8% menjadi 11,6%. Sementara, prevalens vitamin A defisiensi ditemukan lebih rendah pada anak yang mengkonsumsi ³12 minggu (26,6%) daripada yang mengkonsumsi < 12 minggu (42%) . Hasil tersebut dapat dijadikan pertimbangan untuk merekomendasikan agar minyak difortifikasi vitamin A.Kata kunci: Defisiensi vitamin A, anak sekolah, minyak fortifikasiAbstractVitamin A deficiency (VAD) remains as one of significant public health problems in Indonesia. Around 50% of under five children are suffering from subclinical VAD. Deficiency of vitamin A will affect several important role in the body, such as immune system, vision, reproductive system and cell differentiation. Therefore, guarding Indonesian children to be free from VAD is crucial for their quality as Human Resources. We assessed the impact of the consumption of vitamin A fortified cooking oil on the improvement of vitamin A and hemoglobin status among school children in urban slum area in Makassar City. The study was an intervention design Before-After. Healthy school children 7-10 years were selected from schools and de-wormed before the intervention. Serum retinol and hemoglobin was measured at baseline and at 3 months after. Fortified oil was made available through distribution at shops and accompanied with social marketing. Eventhough overall there was no change in VAD prevalence, the VAD prevalence is lower among children who consumedfortified oil ³12 weeks (26.6%) compared to those who consumed <12 weeks (42%). Prevalence of anemia decreased from 21.8% to 11.6%. We recommended that fortified oil is made mandatory.Key words: Vitamin A deficiency, school children, fortified oil

Vitamin A Deficiency in Indian Children

2015 ◽  
pp. 192-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Pereira ◽  
Almas Begum
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Indian Children

scholarly journals Low Prevalence of Iron and Vitamin A Deficiency among Cambodian Women of Reproductive Age

Nutrients ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Wieringa ◽  
Prak Sophonneary ◽  
Sophie Whitney ◽  
Bunsoth Mao ◽  
Jacques Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Prevalence

Impact of Giardia Intestinalis on Vitamin A Status in Schoolchildren from Northwest Mexico

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quihui-Cota ◽  
Astiazarán-García ◽  
Valencia ◽  
Morales-Figueroa ◽  
Lopez-Mata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Breakfast Program ◽  
Northwest Mexico ◽  
Daily Intakes

We conducted a cross-sectional study in northwest Mexico in order to investigate the association between giardiasis and serum vitamin A in 40 Giardia-infected and 70 Giardia-free schoolchildren who were covered by a regional school breakfast program. There were no significant differences in age, Z-scores for nutritional indices of height for age, weight for age, or weight for height, socioeconomic conditions (employment and education of the parents, household conditions, sanitation facilities, type of drinking water, and family income), and mean daily intakes of vitamin A in the Giardia-free (899 ± 887 μg) and the Giardia-infected (711 ± 433 μg) groups. A higher concentration of serum retinol was found in the Giardia-free group than in the Giardia-infected group (0.75 μmol/L versus 0.61 μmol/L, respectively; p < 0.0001). Giardia-infected children were more likely to be vitamin A-deficient than the Giardia-free children (OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.2–8.5). Although 95% of the children met the daily-recommended intakes of vitamin A, half of them showed subclinical vitamin A deficiency. It is recognized that vitamin A deficiency is multifactorial and giardiasis was a factor significantly associated with this deficiency in this study. Mexican program developers and policymakers should be aware about the distinction between dietary deficiencies and deficiency diseases when current national program strategies for parasitic control and vitamin A supplementation are redesigned.

scholarly journals Is Vitamin A Supplementation Associated With Anemia in Children Under 5 Years of Age in Peru: Secondary Analysis of the “Demographic Health Survey” 2015-2018?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110483
Author(s):  
Isabella Ribaudo ◽  
Camila B. Aramburú-Duclos ◽  
Dora Blitchtein
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia ◽  
Children Under 5

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) affects 12% of Peruvians under 5 years of age. Recent studies have shown an association with hematopoiesis and iron metabolism. In Peru, 3-quarters of a million children have anemia. We aimed to identify an association between Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) and anemia in children under 5 years of age. A cross-sectional secondary analytical study from the Peruvian Demographic Survey and Family Health (DHS) was conducted. The primary outcome, anemia, was measured through hemoglobin concentration and adjusted by altitude. The DHS interviewer ensured the participant’s VAS in the last 6 months through a structural healthcare card. The association was statistically significant using crude regression but disappeared when adjusted per socioeconomic level and gender. VAS was not significantly associated with a lower prevalence of anemia. Further studies are required to help identify the association between VAS and anemia.

scholarly journals Micronutrient intake and prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy among women (15-49 y) and children (6-59 mo) in South Kivu and Kongo Central, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najma A. Moumin ◽  
Moira Donahue Angel ◽  
Crystal D. Karakochuk ◽  
Kristina D. Michaux ◽  
Mourad Moursi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
South Kivu ◽  
Low Prevalence

AbstractIron biofortified beans and carotenoid enriched cassava are proposed as a solution to combat iron and vitamin A deficiencies, respectively, in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). To inform the need for biofortified foods we conducted a survey in 2014, in two provinces of the DRC, South Kivu and Kongo Central. Unexpectedly, women of reproductive age (WRA; 15-49 y) and their children (6-59 m) had a low prevalence of biochemical iron and vitamin A deficiency, based on ferritin and retinol binding protein, respectively. However, to better understand the lack of biochemical deficiency of these nutrients we examined the prevalence of inadequate intake for these and other select nutrients. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour recalls (with repeats) among 744 mother-child dyads. In WRA the prevalence of inadequate iron intakes was 32% (10% bioavailability). The prevalence of inadequate vitamin A intakes was low in South Kivu (18%) and negligible in Kongo Central (1%). The prevalence of inadequate iron intake was 74% in infants (6-11 m) and ~22% in the older children (12-59 months). There was a high prevalence of inadequate zinc intake in women and children (i.e. 83% WRA) consistent with our findings of a high prevalence of low serum zinc in the same sample. Dietary data here corroborate the low prevalence of biochemical vitamin A deficiency but not iron. However, any change to the supply of red palm oil would dramatically reduce population vitamin A intakes, thus a carotenoid enriched cassava program may be beneficial as a safety net measure. Additionally, iron biofortified beans may be warranted given the high rates of dietary inadequacy and uncertainty around the validity of iron biomarkers. Crops biofortified with zinc also appear warranted. We caution that our findings cannot be extrapolated to the entire Congo where diverse agro-ecological landscape exist or when political and environmental shocks occur which challenge food production.

scholarly journals Are Low Intakes and Deficiencies in Iron, Vitamin A, Zinc, and Iodine of Public Health Concern in Ethiopian, Kenyan, Nigerian, and South African Children and Adolescents?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajwinder Harika ◽  
Mieke Faber ◽  
Folake Samuel ◽  
Afework Mulugeta ◽  
Judith Kimiywe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Older Children ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Objective: To perform a systematic review to evaluate iron, vitamin A, zinc, and iodine status and intakes in children and adolescents (0-19 years) in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. Method: Both national and subnational data published from the year 2005 to 2015 were searched via MEDLINE, Scopus, and national public health websites. For each micronutrient and country, status data from relevant studies and surveys were combined into an average prevalence and weighted by sample size (WAVG). Inadequate intakes were estimated from mean (SD) intakes. Results: This review included 55 surveys and studies, 17 from Ethiopia, 11 from Kenya, 12 from Nigeria, and 16 from South Africa. The WAVG prevalence of anemia ranged from 25% to 53%, iron deficiency from 12% to 29%, vitamin A deficiency (VAD) from 14% to 42%, zinc deficiency from 32% to 63%, and iodine deficiency from 15% to 86% in children aged 0 to 19 years from 4 countries. Generally, children <5 years had higher prevalence of anemia (32%-63%), VAD (15%-35%), and zinc deficiency (35%-63%) compared to children aged 5 to 19 years. Studies with intake data indicated that inadequate intakes ranged from 51% to 99% for zinc, 13% to 100% for iron, and 1% to 100% for vitamin A. Households failing to consume adequately iodized (>15 ppm) salt ranged from 2% in Kenya to 96% in Ethiopia. Conclusion: With large variation within the 4 African countries, our data indicate that anemia and vitamin A, zinc, and iodine deficiencies are problems of public health significance. Effective public health strategies such as dietary diversification and food fortification are needed to improve micronutrient intake in both younger and older children.

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