Histological changes in the adrenal glands of guinea pigs subjected to scurvy and severe inanition.

1926 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lindsay ◽  
G. Medes
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Histological Changes

THE ADRENAL CORTEX AND THE EFFECT OF ACTH AND CORTISONE IN SCORBUTIC GUINEA-PIGS

1959 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. HOWARD ◽  
D. B. CATER
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Middle Stage ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Normal Controls

SUMMARY 1. Adrenal glands of guinea-pigs with avitaminosis-C and hypovitaminosis-C were examined and compared with those of normal controls fed on diets containing ascorbic acid as well as with pair-fed controls kept on restricted food intakes. Guinea-pigs with avitaminosis-C were also injected with either adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) or cortisone and compared with normal controls or pair-fed controls similarly injected. 2. Adrenals of animals with avitaminosis-C increased in absolute (20%) and relative weight (120%). The number of mitoses increased fourfold in the middle stage and tenfold in the terminal stage of the deficiency. The zona fasciculata contained many lipid-free, hyperplastic and dividing cells. Cortisone prevented the increase in weight and in mitoses and also the histological changes. Administration of ACTH to guinea-pigs with early avitaminosis increased the mitoses fourfold, but when given to normal guinea-pigs mitoses increased sevenfold. Histological changes were similar to those seen in advanced avitaminosis. 3. In the adrenals of animals with hypovitaminosis-C, neither the absolute weight nor the number of mitoses were greater than normal but the relative weight of the glands was doubled. 4. It is concluded that the increase in adrenal weight which occurred in avitaminosis-C was the result of a hyperplastic response to high levels of endogenous ACTH known to be present in the blood of deficient animals.

scholarly journals THE PATHOLOGIC EFFECTS OF STREPTOCOCCI FROM CASES OF POLIOMYELITIS AND OTHER SOURCES

1917 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carroll G. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Streptococci cultivated from the tonsils of thirty-two cases of poliomyelitis were used to inoculate various laboratory animals. In no case was a condition induced resembling poliomyelitis clinically or pathologically in guinea pigs, dogs, cats, rabbits, or monkeys. On the other hand, a considerable percentage of the rabbits and a smaller percentage of some of the other animals developed lesions due to streptococci. These lesions consisted of meningitis, meningo-encephalitis, abscess of the brain, arthritis, tenosynovitis, myositis, abscess of the kidney, endocarditis, pericarditis, and neuritis. No distinction in the character or frequency of the lesions could be determined between the streptococci derived from poliomyelitic patients and from other sources. Streptococci isolated from the poliomyelitic brain and spinal cord of monkeys which succumbed to inoculation with the filtered virus failed to induce in monkeys any paralysis or the characteristic histological changes of poliomyelitis. These streptococci are regarded as secondary bacterial invaders of the nervous organs. Monkeys which have recovered from infection with streptococci derived from cases of poliomyelitis are not protected from infection with the filtered virus, and their blood does not neutralize the filtered virus in vitro. We have failed to detect any etiologic or pathologic relationship between streptococci and epidemic poliomyelitis in man or true experimental poliomyelitis in the monkey.

726. Histological changes in the mammary gland of guinea-pigs during lactation

1958 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Naito
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Histological Factors ◽  
Porosity Index ◽  
Number Of Cells

Certain histological factors of the mammary gland and the DNA content unit per dry weight were studied at four stages of lactation in guinea-pigs.The porosity index, the number of alveoli per field, the number of cells per field and the DNA content, showed maximal values at parturition and minimal values at the peak of lactation, whereas the opposite trend was shown by the value for modal alveolar diameter and the number of cells per modal alveolus.The relationships between these results are discussed.

CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF CORTISOL AND CORTICOSTERONE IN THE PLASMA AND ADRENAL GLANDS OF THE GUINEA-PIG FROM BIRTH TO WEANING

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DALLE ◽  
P. DELOST
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Steady Level ◽  
Very High

SUMMARY Concentrations of cortisol and corticosterone in the plasma and adrenal glands of male and female guinea-pigs were estimated throughout the first postnatal day and thereafter at intervals up to 3 weeks of age. In the guinea-pig, the basal level of cortisol secretion is established more slowly than in other species. The concentration of plasma cortisol is very high at birth, with a marked fall between days 1 and 10 post partum and then a steady level from day 10 to 20, the time of weaning. At day 10 the values for plasma cortisol and corticosterone approach the lower ones found in the adult. There were peaks in the amounts of corticosteroids found in the adrenal gland at 50 h, 4 and 7 days and these may have been due to increased hormonal synthesis between days 2 and 8.

scholarly journals Distribution of vitamin C is tissue specific with early saturation of the brain and adrenal glands following differential oral dose regimens in guinea pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (10) ◽  
pp. 1539-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine Hasselholt ◽  
Pernille Tveden-Nyborg ◽  
Jens Lykkesfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Hill Equation ◽  
Distribution Kinetics ◽  
The World ◽  
Dose Concentration ◽  
The Brain

Vitamin C (VitC) deficiency is surprisingly common in humans even in developed parts of the world. The micronutrient has several established functions in the brain; however, the consequences of its deficiency are not well characterised. To elucidate the effects of VitC deficiency on the brain, increased knowledge about the distribution of VitC to the brain and within different brain regions after varying dietary concentrations is needed. In the present study, guinea pigs (like humans lacking the ability to synthesise VitC) were randomly divided into six groups (n 10) that received different concentrations of VitC ranging from 100 to 1500 mg/kg feed for 8 weeks, after which VitC concentrations in biological fluids and tissues were measured using HPLC. The distribution of VitC was found to be dynamic and dependent on dietary availability. Brain saturation was region specific, occurred at low dietary doses, and the dose–concentration relationship could be approximated with a three-parameter Hill equation. The correlation between plasma and brain concentrations of VitC was moderate compared with other organs, and during non-scorbutic VitC deficiency, the brain was able to maintain concentrations from about one-quarter to half of sufficient levels depending on the region, whereas concentrations in other tissues decreased to one-sixth or less. The adrenal glands have similar characteristics to the brain. The observed distribution kinetics with a low dietary dose needed for saturation and exceptional retention ability suggest that the brain and adrenal glands are high priority tissues with regard to the distribution of VitC.

THE EFFECTS OF THYROXINE AND THIOURACIL ON THE TUBERCULIN REACTIONS OF GUINEA-PIGS

1952 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. LEECH ◽  
A. B. PATERSON
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Average Response ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group I ◽  
Live Culture

Three groups of twelve guinea-pigs were selected from a batch inoculated with a live culture of BCG. Two of these groups were selected for treatment with thyroxine and thiouracil. The third served as untreated controls. The experiment was divided into three periods; in the first, groups I and III received thyroxine and thiouracil respectively; in the second, all drug treatment was discontinued; in the third, the treatments were reversed, thiouracil being given to group I and thyroxine to group III. All guinea-pigs were injected intradermally with OT and PPD tuberculins at the end of the first and third periods; the diameters of the 24 hr. lesions were analysed by the appropriate statistical methods. Thyroxine and thiouracil had opposite effects on the reactions to PPD tuberculin, the former depressing the average response. Effects on the reactions to OT were irregular. There were no significant effects on the fresh weights of the adrenal glands.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATED DYNAMICS OF ELIMINATION MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES OF INHALED IN GUINEA PIGS

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
A. V. Nosarev ◽  
Ye. Ye. Abramenko ◽  
L. V. Kapilevich ◽  
Ye. Yu. D’yakova ◽  
V. S. Selivanova
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Long Course ◽  
Inhaled Nanoparticles

The article presents the results of a study of the dynamics of histological changes in the guinea pigs respiratory tissues due the process of elimination after a long course of inhaled nanoparticles of magnetite. In the experimental animals lungs as a result of prolonged inhalation nanomagnetite developed an inflammatory reaction, the accumulation of Perls -positive cells. These changes were not even a month later, when the input of magnetite nanoparticles in laboratory animals.

Epinephrine augments cortisol secretion from isolated perfused adrenal glands of guinea pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (6) ◽  
pp. E806-E809 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mokuda ◽  
Y. Sakamoto ◽  
R. Kawagoe ◽  
E. Ubukata ◽  
N. Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Caval Vein ◽  
Inferior Caval Vein ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonist ◽  
Adrenergic Mechanism ◽  
Dose Dependent

To determine direct effects of epinephrine on adrenal cortisol secretion, bilateral adrenal glands were isolated from guinea pigs, together with bilateral kidneys, aorta, and inferior caval vein for influent and effluent routes. The preparation was perfused with oxygenated Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (pH 7.4) containing 10 mM glucose, 0.2% bovine serum albumin, and 4.6% dextran. The perfusate cortisol level was elevated by the addition of epinephrine in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations greater than 100 pg/ml and increased eightfold as high as the basal level at 1 micrograms/ml epinephrine. The stimulatory effect of epinephrine on cortisol secretion was completely abolished by phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist but was not affected by propranolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist. These results demonstrate that epinephrine has a direct stimulatory effect on adrenal cortisol secretion via an alpha-adrenergic mechanism and also suggest that not only adrenocorticotropin but also epinephrine is a most important factor for the regulation of cortisol secretion.

On bacteremia in diphtheria

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-272
Author(s):  
М. Isabolinski ◽  
В. Каrраtschewskaja
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Adrenal Glands

The authors have shown that after subcutaneous, intracutaneous and intraperitoneal introduction of diphtheria bacilli, guinea pigs develop real bacteriemia, as the blood and organs (spleen and adrenal glands) of such killed animals manage to separate the pure culture of this microorganism.

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