scholarly journals Centrifugal and Centripetal Thinking About the Biopsychosocial Model in Psychiatry

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Tabb
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Biopsychosocial Model ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Original Formulation ◽  
Causal Connections ◽  
Original Analysis ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Right ◽  
Derek Bolton

The biopsychosocial model, which was deeply influential on psychiatry following its introduction by George L. Engel in 1977, has recently made a comeback. Derek Bolton and Grant Gillett have argued that Engel’s original formulation offered a promising general framework for thinking about health and disease, but that this promise requires new empirical and philosophical tools in order to be realized. In particular, Bolton and Gillett offer an original analysis of the ontological relations between Engel’s biological, social, and psychological levels of analysis. I argue that Bolton and Gillett’s updated model, while providing an intriguing new metaphysical framework for medicine, cannot resolve some of the most vexing problems facing psychiatry, which have to do with how to prioritize different sorts of research. These problems are fundamentally ethical, rather than ontological. Without the right prudential motivation, in other words, the unification of psychiatry under a single conceptual framework seems doubtful, no matter how compelling the model. An updated biopsychosocial model should include explicit normative commitments about the aims of medicine that can give guidance about the sorts of causal connections to be prioritized as research and clinical targets.

Dialectics, Rhetoric, and Functional Issues in Early Modern Hungarian Religious Disputes. Polemics Research in a Long Reformation Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-244
Author(s):  
Csilla Gabor
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Typical Form ◽  
The Right

The study deals with 16th and 17th century Hungarian printed polemical works considering religious disputes a typical form of communication in the age of Reformation and Catholic renewal. Its conceptual framework is the paradigm or research method of the long Reformation as an efficient assistance to the discovery and appreciation of early modern theological-religious diversity. The analysis examines several kinds of communication which occurs in the (religious) dispute, and explores the rules and conventions along which the (verbal) fighting takes place. Research shows that the opponents repeatedly refer to the rules of dialectics refuting each other’s standpoints accusing them of faulty argumentation, i.e., the wrong use of syllogisms. Dialectics is, namely, in this context not the ars with the help of which truth is found but with which evident truth is checked and justified in a way that the opponents can also be educated to follow the right direction.

scholarly journals Beyond feasibility—the role of motivation to implement measures to enhance resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzian Messmer ◽  
Braida Thom ◽  
Pius Kruetli ◽  
Evans Dawoe ◽  
Kebebew Assefa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
The World ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

AbstractMany regions around the world are experiencing an increase in climate-related shocks, such as drought. This poses serious threats to farming activities and has major implications for sustaining rural livelihoods and food security. Farmers’ ability to respond to and withstand the increasing incidence of drought events needs to be strengthened and their resilience enhanced. Implementation of measures to enhance resilience is determined by decisions of farmers and it is important to understand the reasons behind their behavior. We assessed the viability of measures to enhance resilience of farmers to drought, by developing a general framework that covers economic-technical and psychological-cognitive aspects, here summarized under the terms (1) motivation and (2) feasibility. The conceptual framework was applied to cocoa farmers in Ghana and tef farmers in Ethiopia by using questionnaire-based surveys. A portfolio of five specific measures to build resilience (i.e., irrigation, shade trees, fire belts, bookkeeping, mulching, early mature varieties, weather forecast, reduced tillage, improved harvesting) in each country was evaluated with a closed-ended questionnaire that covered the various aspects of motivation and feasibility whereby farmers were asked to (dis)agree on a 5-point Likert scale. The results show that if the motivation mean score is increased by 0.1 units, the probability of implementation increases by 16.9% in Ghana and by 7.7% in Ethiopia. If the feasibility mean score is increased by 0.1 units, the probability of implementation increases by 24.9% in Ghana and by 11.9% in Ethiopia. We can conclude that motivation and feasibility matter, and we improve our understanding of measure implementation if we include both feasibility and motivation into viability assessments.

L'azione dell'Unione europea contro le discriminazioni basate sulla religione: l'impatto della giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei diritti umani

2012 ◽  
pp. 475-511
Author(s):  
Federico Casolari
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Law Although EU law has established a general framework concerning the fight against discriminations on the grounds of religion (namely as far as equal treatment in employment and occupation is concerned), the related ECJ case law is not very rich. This article tracks and evaluates the impact of the ECHR case law devoted to the freedom of religion on the interpretation and application of EU law concerning religion discriminations. It argues that the ECHR case law may contribute to identify the notion of ‘religion' which is relevant for EU law, while several arguments may be put forward against the application of the Strasbourg approach to the balancing between the right to quality based on religion and others human rights into the EU legal order.

scholarly journals What is the threshold in urban regeneration projects in the context of urban identity? The case of Turkey

Spatium ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
İmre Eren
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City ◽  
City Centres

Cities are trying to adapt to the rapidly changing global trends by regenerating themselves. Approaches and practices of this regeneration are different in several countries. In big Turkish cities, particularly in the past decade, urban regeneration practices, processes and consequences have sparked several debates. The ?new? gained or converted spaces in the city are also significant in terms of their impacts on urban identity. In this context, this study aims to identify the impacts of urban regeneration, which occurred in historical city centres, on urban identity in the case of Turkey. The study determines general framework of urban regeneration and then defines a conceptual framework of urban identity. It focuses on urban regeneration projects in the case of Turkey. Then, the topic is explored through two case studies which are selected from Turkey, Istanbul and Bursa. The findings of the study indicate that there are several problematic aspects of urban regeneration. The findings also show that urban identity was ignored in urban regeneration projects, which caused significant breaks in the context of physical, cultural, historical and semantic continuity.

The Right of Interpretation

2008 ◽  
pp. 1395-1413
Author(s):  
Michael Bjom
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Camera Phones ◽  
Consumer Surveys ◽  
Consumer Perspective ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Market Diffusion

This chapter is an empirical research report describing the diffusion of mobile camera phones and picture mail services in Japan between the years 1997 and 2005, based on annual consumer surveys conducted by Ericsson Consumer & Enterprise Lab. A general framework based on sociocultural values and attitudes to telecom for describing the telecom market from a consumer perspective is presented. This framework is then used to put different consumer life stage segments in relation to each other in respect to product diffusion. The change over time of attitudes and behavior is described, and the conclusion is drawn that the product terminology spontaneously created by consumers themselves in order to relate to the product is an important step for mass market diffusion. Furthermore, the group of people who develop this terminology becomes a crucial catalyst for diffusion—and in the Japanese case presented here consists of female students.

The Nature of Partisan Conflict in Public Opinion: Asymmetric or Symmetric?

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Maria Narayani Lasala Blanco ◽  
Robert Y. Shapiro ◽  
Joy Wilke
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Mass Public ◽  
Original Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trend Data ◽  
Partisan Conflict ◽  
The Right ◽  
Shed Light

What are the dynamics of partisan conflict in the mass public in the United States? Has this conflict been driven by Republicans moving to the right across a wide range of issues, or have Democrats contributed to this as well? Have these changes been symmetric, occurring for both sides, or asymmetric, occurring for just one side? Understanding how the partisan gaps have widened may shed light on potential prospects for reversing extreme political conflict in public opinion. This paper examines this question with an analysis of opinion trend data over the last 40 years. It includes an original analysis of these trends among racial and ethnic groups. We find that symmetric partisan changes have only occurred among whites. Overall partisan differences have been less for Blacks and Hispanics than for whites.

Knowledge Management to Promote Organizational Change in India

2010 ◽  
pp. 308-324
Author(s):  
Juha Kettunen ◽  
Manodip Ray Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Change Management ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Strategy Process ◽  
Successful Change

This chapter contributes to the literature of knowledge management by providing a conceptual framework to promote organizational change. The chapter demonstrates that knowledge management can be used as a general framework which integrates the approaches of strategic and change management. A business company is an organization that must continually respond to environmental change and adjust to fluctuations to gain competitive advantage. Business intelligence produces tacit and explicit information about the markets that are used in the strategy process. The tools of change management provided in this chapter can be used in different kinds of organisations to increase competitiveness for the future. In addition, this chapter presents cases of successful change management. This chapter is useful for those who want to enhance change to increase competitive advantage of companies and other organisations.

scholarly journals Healing Is Rhizomatic: A Conceptual Framework and Tool

Genealogy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Trauma Recovery ◽  
Macro Practice ◽  
Felt Sense ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Recovery And Healing

This paper offers a conceptual framework and a set of tools that use rhizomes as a metaphor for healing in the context of oppressive violence. Existing conceptualizations of trauma, trauma recovery, and healing offer important tools for framing and addressing the impacts of oppression on individuals and groups. These exist in a fractured practice ground where practitioners are socialized into divisions such as “micro” vs. “macro” practice and “self-care” vs. “the work.” The Healing is Rhizomatic conceptual framework identifies five nodes (body, felt sense, relationships, place, story) and three dimensions of healing-oriented engagement (recognition, readying the ground, (re)generation) that exist across these approaches. Adaptable to multiple levels of analysis, the conceptual framework focuses on fracture, blockage, and connection as core experiences. These experiences occur in, through, and between the nodes and dimensions. This paper explores use of the conceptual framework and tools for applying it as a mechanism for assessment and reflection about internalized and operational definitions and approaches to healing. Thereby, the framework and tools offer a view of a common practice ground for practitioners engaged in healing work in the context of oppressive violence and is intended to support deeper awareness, collaboration, and coordination of approaches.

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