scholarly journals Analysis of EFL Teaching in Pakistan: Method and Strategies in the Postmethod Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asif Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Classroom Practice ◽  
English Language ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Translation Methods ◽  
Communicative Teaching

This study investigates the teaching methods and strategies practised in Pakistan to teach English as a foreign language in the Post-method Era. English language pedagogy in Pakistan has taken a new turn since the establishment of higher education commission and applied linguistic departments in many universities in Pakistan. It focuses on classroom teaching analysis to see what teaching methods and strategies that English language educators in private and public institutes apply. The study applied qualitative methods with five English teachers as Foreign Language (EFL) of the public and private sectors' intermediate level. The participating teachers were given nine open-ended survey questions about the nature of language, language teaching methods, classroom strategies and techniques, and their roles as teachers in the classroom. Findings revealed that EFL teachers in both public and private sectors employ multiple teaching methods and techniques in their classroom practice, rather than holding to one particular method. The data also differentiates teaching methods and strategies of the teachers in the both sectors. Interestingly, it appears that EFL teachers in the private sectors seem to aim at communicative teaching approaches. In contrast, teachers in the public sectors are more inclined to use Grammar Translation Methods (GTM).

scholarly journals Exploring Motivational Strategies Practiced by Saudi High School Female EFL Teachers

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Aisha T. Alharbi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Motivational Strategies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Private And Public

This study looked into Saudi female English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ perception of their motivational practices in the actual classroom in public and private schools. Forty (n=40) EFL teachers filled out a questionnaire consisting of forty-four motivational strategies that were based on a five-point Likert scale ranging from "very important" to "not important." Descriptive statistics have been used to determine the most and the least important teaching strategies viewed by EFL teachers in private and public schools. To determine if there was any difference between private and public schools’ teachers on how they viewed each strategy in terms of importance, inferential statistics, t-test has been implemented. The study revealed that participants in both educational contexts indicate that “teachers’ proper behavior” is the most significant motivational strategy while “having an encouraging environment” in the EFL classroom was ranked the least important strategy. The findings show that there existed a striking similarity between the two sets of teachers in regard to their perceptions of the importance of motivational strategies. The study suggests that English-as-a-Second-Language book planners should keep textbook materials in harmony with motivational strategies practiced by EFL teachers.

scholarly journals Attitude and its Aspects towards English Language Learning among the Students of Public and Private Schools of Gujranwala

2018 ◽  
Vol III (I) ◽  
pp. 281-293
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahbaz ◽  
Behzad Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Babar Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Comparative Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
English Language ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public

This comparative study investigates the learners' attitudes towards learning English from two comparative education systems (private and public sector) of Pakistan. This study is an attempt to measure the cognitive, emotional and behavioral attitudes of these young learners towards English. The research methodology is quantitative in nature. The tool used for data analysis by the researchers is questionnaire. Steal’s (2004) questionnaire has been used to measure the attitude of the learners towards English language. The data has been collected from 100 students of four different schools including two private and two public schools in Gujranwala district. The quantitative analysis of the data is executed by SPSS and the findings reveal that the students of private schools show positive attitude towards English language as compared to the public schools’ students. The researchers also suggest a large-scale study from various parts of the country with larger population to know the reason behind the positive or negative attitude of students.

scholarly journals Self-Assessed Professional Competence of the High School EFL Teachers in Toraja Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selvi Panggua ◽  
Basri Wello ◽  
Baso’ Jabu ◽  
Doris Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
National Education ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Pedagogical Competence ◽  
Service Training

The teaching of English as a foreign language (EFL) in Toraja is influenced by the quality of teachers from elementary to university level. The Ministry of National Education in Indonesia has stipulated four competencies that should be mastered by teachers: pedagogical competence, professional competence, personal competence, and social competence. The professional competences of foreign language teachers include a knowledge of various aspects of language in English (linguistics, discourse, sociolinguistic and strategic) and mastery of oral and written English language. The purpose of this study is to identify the perceived level of professional competence of high school EFL teachers in Toraja. For this study, 31 high school EFL Teachers in Toraja were chosen randomly from both public and private schools. Data was collected from questionnaires administered in person and by e-mail. The descriptive statistical results of this research show that half of the teachers reported themselves to have only a fair level of professional competence. This suggests the need for in-service training or professional development activities for high school EFL teachers in this region in order to improve their competence and confidence in teaching English. 

The Reflections of English as a Foreign Language Teachers’ on the Use of Virtual Reality in Classroom Practice (International Black Sea University Case)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Classroom Practice ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Efl Teachers

The aim of this study is to investigate English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ perceptions about thepossible integration of Virtual Reality (VR) tools into English Language Teaching (ELT). The Study highlights theuse of VR technology in teaching and learning process and its effect on the quality of lessons by consideringConstructivist Approach. The study was held among EFL teachers in Intensive English Language Program atInternational Black Sea University. The participants of the study were 10 EFL teachers who participated for fourweeks in VR workshop sessions, two hours per week. Qualitative and Quantitative approaches were adopted tocollect the data considering teachers’ perceptions towards using the VR for learning and teaching purposes. Afterthe completion of the workshop sessions, the data were obtained from questionnaires and interviews. The resultsshow that the VR tools in classrooms may have significant positive effects on class motivation. The participants ofthe study also developed positive attitudes towards VR tools although they did not have any experience of usingVR technology before. The results of the study also suggest that applying VR in EFL classes may increase students’autonomy and responsibility for their studies. Furthermore, the study reveals teachers’ positive experiences usingVR in EFL classes enhances their level of technology usage in class.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of the nationwide public–private mix (PPM) program for tuberculosis under National Health Insurance in South Korea: A difference in differences analysis

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. e1003717
Author(s):  
Sarah Yu ◽  
Hojoon Sohn ◽  
Hae-Young Kim ◽  
Hyunwoo Kim ◽  
Kyung-Hyun Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Private Mix

Background Public–private mix (PPM) programs on tuberculosis (TB) have a critical role in engaging and integrating the private sector into the national TB control efforts in order to meet the End TB Strategy targets. South Korea’s PPM program can provide important insights on the long-term impact and policy gaps in the development and expansion of PPM as a nationwide program. Methods and findings Healthcare is privatized in South Korea, and a majority (80.3% in 2009) of TB patients sought care in the private sector. Since 2009, South Korea has rapidly expanded its PPM program coverage under the National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme as a formal national program with dedicated PPM nurses managing TB patients in both the private and public sectors. Using the difference in differences (DID) analytic framework, we compared relative changes in TB treatment outcomes—treatment success (TS) and loss to follow-up (LTFU)—in the private and public sector between the 2009 and 2014 TB patient cohorts. Propensity score matching (PSM) using the kernel method was done to adjust for imbalances in the covariates between the 2 population cohorts. The 2009 cohort included 6,195 (63.0% male, 37.0% female; mean age: 42.1) and 27,396 (56.1% male, 43.9% female; mean age: 45.7) TB patients in the public and private sectors, respectively. The 2014 cohort included 2,803 (63.2% male, 36.8% female; mean age: 50.1) and 29,988 (56.5% male, 43.5% female; mean age: 54.7) patients. In both the private and public sectors, the proportion of patients with transfer history decreased (public: 23.8% to 21.7% and private: 20.8% to 17.6%), and bacteriological confirmed disease increased (public: 48.9% to 62.3% and private: 48.8% to 58.1%) in 2014 compared to 2009. After expanding nationwide PPM, absolute TS rates improved by 9.10% (87.5% to 93.4%) and by 13.6% (from 70.3% to 83.9%) in the public and private sectors. Relative to the public, the private saw 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9% to 5.3%, p-value < 0.001) and −8.7% (95% CI −9.7% to −7.7%, p-value <0.001) higher rates of improvement in TS and reduction in LTFU. Treatment outcomes did not improve in patients who experienced at least 1 transfer during their TB treatment. Study limitations include non-longitudinal nature of our original dataset, inability to assess the regional disparities, and verify PPM program’s impact on TB mortality. Conclusions We found that the nationwide scale-up of the PPM program was associated with improvements in TB treatment outcomes in the private sector in South Korea. Centralized financial governance and regulatory mechanisms were integral in facilitating the integration of highly diverse South Korean private sector into the national TB control program and scaling up of the PPM intervention nationwide. However, TB care gaps continued to exist for patients who transferred at least once during their treatment. These programmatic gaps may be improved through reducing administrative hurdles and making programmatic amendments that can help facilitate management TB patients between institutions and healthcare sectors, as well as across administrative regions.

scholarly journals Children’s Perspective of Game: A Comparison of the Public and Private Schools

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Nevin Gündüz ◽  
Tuğçe Taşpinar ◽  
Nurdan Demiş
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Competitive Games

The purpose of this research is to determine what the game means from the perspectives of children studying at public and private schools. Four questionnaires were applied to all the third grade parents of four schools; two public and two private schools in Ankara, and questionnaires were completed and sent back by 212 parents. A total of 32 volunteer students from four schools, 4 girls and 4 boys, who were determined according to the results of parents surveys consist of our student research group. Qualitative data were obtained by semi-structured interview technique. Content analysis technique was used for qualitative data and six main themes were created.As a result, children at private and public schools have described as ‘’the meaning of the play’’ theme, as ‘’having fun, being happy, having a good time with friends, ’learning new rules, being healthy and doing sports’’. In the research, they also stated that they play game types such as ’’rope, hide, hide and seek’’ which do not require materials in public schools while they indicated they play games such as ‘’ball, dart, taboo and technological games’’ in private schools. Children indicated that they play at school competitive games prepared by teachers in physical activities lessons. It is concluded that, there is not too much change in the meaning of the game in terms of children who study at private and public schools. Children’s type of game and materials especially change for both girls and boys and schools. Although there are purpose of "enjoy" for both of the two groups, but materials and games that used and played are different.

Modernization of the elective course content of the Master’s Degree programme for linguists “Teaching Methods in the Format of International Exams”

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Anna V. Gavrilova ◽  
Nina V. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
English Language ◽  
Master's Degree ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
Master's Degree Students ◽  
Elective Course ◽  
Master’S Degree ◽  
Integrated Tasks

We discuss the existing programme of the elective discipline “Teaching Methods in the Format of International Exams” for Master’s Degree linguist student of pedagogical profile, which presents familiarization of students to the formats of ten international exams. In the process of modernizing the program, it was decided to focus only on the formats of tasks for the TOEFL, IELTS and CAE exams, which complement the content of the main course for Master’s Degree students of pedagogical profile “Theory and Methods of Foreign Languages Teaching” in the lin-guodidactic aspect. The selected tasks are appropriate for introducing to the students of non-linguistic, in particular, technical, universities in the foreign language training program. Integrated tasks in the TOEFL format that implement the principle of interconnected teaching of reading, lis-tening, and speaking/writing are developed similarly by the Master’s Degree linguist students for English language textbooks for students of non-linguistic universities. A detailed analysis of the methods for working with integrated tasks created by the Master’s Degree students is presented. Visual and informational materials from the “writing” section of the academic version of the IELTS exam are the implementation of the methodic principle of professional orientation of teaching. The introduction of graph, bar chart, diagram or table descriptions in foreign language teaching has a high degree of relevance for students of non-linguistic university, especially those of a technical specialization. We show the distribution of lexical and grammatical aspects and developed skills of foreign language learners in accordance with the types of visual and informational materials. The development of universal learning activities (ULA) of students in the process of teaching the description of visual and informational materials is justified. Listening comprehension in the format of the CAE international exam can be used as an element of students preparation for conference activities. Modernization of the elective course programme provides better quality of training for Master’s Degree linguist students aimed at foreign language teaching in a non-linguistic university.

Understanding Private and Public Partnerships

2018 ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Luke Strongman
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public And Private Partnerships ◽  
Second World

New public management organisations tend to import managerial processes and behaviour from the private sector, and have been doing so in the post-Keynsian era. Increasingly those economies that were nationalised for large collective rebuilding programs after the Second World War were being deregulated and new models of management based on private enterprise and monetary accountability became the norm. This chapter provides an overview and contextual commentary on the origins of the public and private, the current era of public management, describes the characteristics of public and private partnerships; the factors of partnership performance, the characteristics of success and limitations, and concludes with a contextual discussion of Public and Private Partnerships.

Yelling ‘Fire’ in a Crowded Occupation: Cynical Fire Hazard Claims and the Technocratic Containment of Dissent

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-573
Author(s):  
Honor Brabazon
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Uk

While the privatisation of public space has been the subject of considerable research, literature exploring the shifting boundaries between public and private law, and the role of those shifts in the expansion of neo-liberal social relations, has been slower to develop. This article explores the use of fire safety regulations to evict political occupations in the context of these shifts. Two examples from the UK student occupation movement and two from the US Occupy movement demonstrate how discourses and logics of both private and public law are mobilised through fire hazard claims to create the potent image of a neutral containment of dissent on technical grounds in the public interest – an image that proves difficult to contest. However, the recourse to the public interest and to expert opinion that underpins fire hazard claims is inconsistent with principles governing the limited neo-liberal political sphere, which underscores the pragmatic and continually negotiated implementation of neo-liberal ideas. The article sheds light on the complexity of the extending reach of private law, on the resilience of the public sphere and on the significance of occupations as a battleground on which struggles over neo-liberal social relations and subjectivities play out.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING REPORTED HOUSING MAINTENANCE COSTS IN SWEDEN’S PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RENTAL SECTORS

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Gonza MUYINGO
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Rental Housing ◽  
Private And Public

The reported maintenance costs per unit area within the public rental housing sector in Sweden are consistently higher than those within the private rental sector. This paper uses crosssectional panel data analysis as well as a questionnaire survey sent to 196 managers in the private and public housing sectors to identify the factors that might explain this divergence. The findings indicate that “fundamental” factors such as the age of the houses or the composition of the tenants cannot explain the observed difference. However how the activities are classified and the timing of the measures are factors that can. The conclusions from the study are that the public companies should act more as the private sector in their accounting; wait longer than they currently do before carrying out some renovations; and that they should be more stringent when determining the resources to spend on large-scale maintenance and/or renovation projects.

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