scholarly journals Tsunami hazard mapping methodology and its implementation for the Far Eastern coast of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-423
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Shokin ◽  
V. K. Gusiakov ◽  
V. A. Kikhtenko ◽  
L. B. Chubarov

The overview maps of tsunami hazard for the Far East coast of Russian Federation are created. The methodological basis of the PTHA (Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment) approach are discussed, as well as the problems of constructing seismotectonic models of the main tsunamigenic zones, mathematical models and algorithms for calculating probability estimates of tsunami hazard, and some problems of applying the RTHA methodology both related to the lack of observation data and with the complexity of performing a large amount of scenario calculations. Examples of overview tsunami hazard maps for various recurrence intervals, constructed using the PTHA methodology and presented using the WTMap application, are given.

Author(s):  
Вячеслав Константинович Гусяков ◽  
Владимир Андреевич Кихтенко ◽  
Леонид Борисович Чубаров ◽  
Юрий Иванович Шокин

В работе идет речь о реализации методики вероятностного цунамирайонирования побережья, известной под названием PTHA (Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment), для создания обзорных карт цунамиопасности дальневосточного побережья России. Обсуждаются методологические основы такого подхода, проблемы построения сейсмотектонических моделей основных цунамигенных зон, численные методики получения расчетных каталогов высот волн на побережье. Приведены примеры обзорных карт для различных повторяемостей, построенных с применением методики PTHA и представленных с помощью созданного веб-приложения WTMap. Упоминаются также некоторые проблемы применения методики PTHA, связанные как с недостаточностью данных наблюдений, так и со сложностью выполнения большого объема сценарного численного моделирования. The article describes the results of the implementation of the PTHA (Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment) methodology for creating the overview maps of tsunami hazard for the Far East coast of the Russian Federation. Such maps show the characteristics of the catastrophic impact of tsunami waves on the coast and the probability of their exceeding in a given period of time. The methodological basis of the PTHA approach to the assessment of tsunami hazard, the problems of constructing seismotectonic models of the main tsunamigenic zones, mathematical models and algorithms for calculating probability estimates of tsunami danger are discussed. The version of the PTHA methodology outlined in the article is implemented as a “WTmap” Web-application that has an access to the entire observational information related to coastal tsunami zoning and software packages used. The application allows to obtain the estimates of the expected tsunami heights and their recurrence estimates and to map them on specific parts of the Far Eastern coast of the Russian Federation. The obtained estimates can be quickly recalculated when replacing the observational catalogs with more complete and reliable ones, with the addition of new, previously absent events or the revision of their parameters, as well as the results of new scenario calculations. Examples of overview maps for various recurrence intervals, constructed using the PTHA methodology and presented using the “WTMap” application, are given. Some problems of using the PTHA methodology related to the lack of available observational data and to the complexity of performing a large amount of scenario simulations are also discussed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (2) ◽  
pp. 1444-1448
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Shokin ◽  
V. K. Gusiakov ◽  
V. A. Kikhtenko ◽  
L. B. Chubarov

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Yang Lifen ◽  
Yuriy Yu. Fedorov

This study reviews and compares the market potential of two macro-areas in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the AZRF (Arctic zone of the Russian Federation) and the FEFD (Far Eastern Federal District. Moreover, this work shows that a significant part of supply and demand in municipalities' domestic markets is concentrated in the FEFD. Until recently, the AZRF and the FEFD were not considered by the State as a single government body. Transferred powers to the Ministry of the Russian Federation for the development of the Far East and the Arctic has allowed the territory of the Arctic uluses of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) to be included in the social and economic development of the FEFD.


The evaluated territories have favorable environment for functional foci of trichinellosis. Despite wide spread, natural focality and a large variety of animals that are reservoir hosts of Trichinella, trichinellosis is a preventable invasion. It was possible to maintain a low incidence rate of this disease in the Southern Federal district and North Caucasian Federal District for many years due to veterinary and epidemiological control measures. However, structure of factors that facilitate infestation with trichinellosis in the Far Eastern Federal district is substantially different from the one prevailing in the south territories of the Russian Federation. The major sources of invasion is meat of wild animals and dogs that do not undergo veterinary-sanitary examination. As a result, the Far Eastern Federal district has one of the highest rates of trichinellosis cases registered in the Russian Federation.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Ushakov

Аннотация. Республика Бурятия и Забайкальский край указом президента Российской Федерации 3 ноября 2018 года вошли в состав Дальневосточного федерального округа. Эти субъекты имеют свою социальноэкономическую специфику по отношению к другим субъектам по структуре экономики, уровню жизни населения, экономикогеографическому положению. Одна из главных целей работы была сравнить новые субъекты с другими субъектами Дальневосточного федерального округа по структуре экономики и социальноэкономическому положению и его динамики. Оба региона как было установлено имеют схожие структуры экономики с приграничными субъектами юга Дальнего Востока. Они имеют довольно низкие социальноэкономические показатели по отношению к подавляющему большинству субъектов Российской Федерации, так и в особенности среди субъектов Дальневосточного региона находясь наряду с Еврейской автономной областью в числе аутсайдеров. Это было подсчитано на примере одного из коэффициентов сравнения, который показывает степень социальноэкономического развития между субъектами федерального округа. Также на примере этого коэффициента выявлено, что рассматриваемые регионы также уступают значительной части других регионов по динамике социальноэкономических показателей. Оба региона имеют небольшую долю в социально экономических показателях округа, прежде всего за счет слабого развития регионов. Это вызывает и снижение этих показателей в расчете на 1 человека по округу. Был выявлен ряд экономических особенностей и географических факторов характерных для причинноследственной связи низкого социальноэкономического положения и развития Республики Бурятия и Забайкальского края по отношению к другим субъектам федерального округа. На примере структуре экономики регионов указано, что наибольшие социальноэкономические показатели имеют регионы с высокой долей промышленности за счет добычи полезных ископаемых. Обозначен ряд факторов, которые сказываются или должны сказываться положительно на развитии новых субъектов в будущем в составе нового федерального округа. Были подсчитаны изменения социальноэкономических показателей для Дальневосточного федерального округа в результате произошедшего изменения его границ. By a decree of the President of the Russian Federation on November 3, the Republic of Buryatia and the TransBaikal Territory became a part of the Far Eastern Federal District. These subjects have their own socioeconomic specifics relatively to other subjects by the structure of economy, the standard of living of the population, and the economic geographical position. One of the main goals of the work was to compare new subjects with other subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District in terms of the economic structure, a socioeconomic situation, and its dynamics. Both regions were found to have similar economic structures with the border regions of the south of the Far East. They have rather low socioeconomic indicators relatively to the overwhelming majority of the subjects of the Russian Federation, and especially among the subjects of the Far Eastern region, being together with the Jewish Autonomous Region among the outsiders. This was calculated by example of one of the comparison coefficients, which shows the degree of socioeconomic development between the subjects of the Federal district. Besides, by example of this coefficient, it was revealed that the regions under consideration conceded a significant part of other regions in the dynamics of socioeconomic indicators. Both regions have a small share in the socioeconomic indicators of the district, primarily because of weak development of the regions. This causes a decrease in these indicators per 1 person in the district. A number of economic features and geographical factors typical of a causal relationship of a low socioeconomic status and development of the Republic of Buryatia and the TransBaikal Territory relatively to other subjects of the Federal district were identified. By example of the structure of regional economy, it is indicated that, the regions with the highest share of industry have the highest socioeconomic indicators at the expense of mining. A number of factors are indicated that affect or should have a positive effect on the development of new subjects in future as part of a new federal district. The changes in socioeconomic indicators for the Far Eastern Federal District that occurred as a result of the change in its borders have been calculated.


Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 684
Author(s):  
Olga Frunze ◽  
Anna Brandorf ◽  
Eun-Jin Kang ◽  
Yong-Soo Choi

The loss of honey bees has drawn a large amount of attention in various countries. Therefore, the development of efficient methods for recovering honey bee populations has been a priority for beekeepers. Here we present an extended literature review and report on personal communications relating to the characterization of the local and bred stock of honey bees in the Russian Federation. New types have been bred from local colonies (A. mellifera L., A. m. carpatica Avet., A. m. caucasia Gorb.). The main selection traits consist of a strong ability for overwintering, disease resistance and different aptitudes for nectar collection in low and high blooming seasons. These honey bees were certified by several methods: behavioral, morphometric and genetic analysis. We illustrate the practical experience of scientists, beekeepers and breeders in breeding A. mellifera Far East honey bees with Varroa and tracheal mite resistance, which were the initial reasons for breeding the A. mellifera Far Eastern breed by Russian breeders, Russian honey bee in America, the hybrid honey bee in Canada by American breeders, and in China by Chinese beekeepers. The recent achievements of Russian beekeepers may lead to the recovery of beekeeping areas suffering from crossbreeding and losses of honey bee colonies.


Author(s):  
Пономарев ◽  
Maksim Ponomarev ◽  
Феоктистов ◽  
Stanislav Feoktistov ◽  
Кузнецов ◽  
...  

The article analyzes the main socio-economic indicators of development of the far Eastern Federal of the Russian Federation and its regions for the period 2000-2015, discusses the problems and prospects of socio-economic development of the far East.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
S. V. Shtrek ◽  
N. V. Rudakov ◽  
N. A. Penjevskaya ◽  
D. A. Saveliev ◽  
A. I. Blokh

Aim. To analyze epidemic intensity and long-term dynamics of Siberian tick typhus (STT) in Siberian and Far Eastern regions of Russian Federation.Materials and Methods. We analyzed STT incidence in different regions of Siberia and Far East during 2002-2018 utilising standardised data. Regions were further ranked according to incidence levels.Results. Cases of STT were regularly documented in 17 regions of Siberia and Far East. In six regions (Republic of Khakassia, Altai, Amur, Tyumen, Irkutsk, and Krasnoyarsk Region), a declining trend was revealed while in four regions there was a trend towards an increase in STT incidence (Republic of Tyva, Khabarovsk Region, Novosibirsk Region, and Omsk Region).Conclusion. The monitoring of STT foci and reservoirs natural foci in endemic areas in Central Asia is needed to predict the trends in STT incidence in Siberia and Far East. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-245
Author(s):  
Tat'yana M. POZDNYAKOVA

Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the economic advancement of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation. Objectives. The article aims to identify trends in the economic advancement of the subjects of the District on the basis of changes in gross regional product and analysis of the investment component. Methods. For the study, I analyzed the Russian Federal State Statistics Service data. Results. The article classifies the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District by volume and dynamics of gross regional product for 2001–2017. It identifies possible changes in the economic situation of the Far Eastern Federal District entities, taking into account the calculated investment ratio. Conclusions and Relevance. The volume of investments has a significant impact on the production of the gross regional product of the Russian Federation. Therefore, there may be changes in the placement of forces in the economic space of the Russian Far East. The results of the study can be taken into account to develop and adjust State programmes and development strategies of the Russian Far East.


Author(s):  
E.A. Ushakov

Аннотация. Республика Бурятия и Забайкальский край указом президента Российской Федерации 3 ноября 2018 года вошли в состав Дальневосточного федерального округа. Эти субъекты имеют свою социальноэкономическую специфику по отношению к другим субъектам по структуре экономики, уровню жизни населения, экономикогеографическому положению. Одна из главных целей работы была сравнить новые субъекты с другими субъектами Дальневосточного федерального округа по структуре экономики и социальноэкономическому положению и его динамики. Оба региона как было установлено имеют схожие структуры экономики с приграничными субъектами юга Дальнего Востока. Они имеют довольно низкие социальноэкономические показатели по отношению к подавляющему большинству субъектов Российской Федерации, так и в особенности среди субъектов Дальневосточного региона находясь наряду с Еврейской автономной областью в числе аутсайдеров. Это было подсчитано на примере одного из коэффициентов сравнения, который показывает степень социальноэкономического развития между субъектами федерального округа. Также на примере этого коэффициента выявлено, что рассматриваемые регионы также уступают значительной части других регионов по динамике социальноэкономических показателей. Оба региона имеют небольшую долю в социально экономических показателях округа, прежде всего за счет слабого развития регионов. Это вызывает и снижение этих показателей в расчете на 1 человека по округу. Был выявлен ряд экономических особенностей и географических факторов характерных для причинноследственной связи низкого социальноэкономического положения и развития Республики Бурятия и Забайкальского края по отношению к другим субъектам федерального округа. На примере структуре экономики регионов указано, что наибольшие социальноэкономические показатели имеют регионы с высокой долей промышленности за счет добычи полезных ископаемых. Обозначен ряд факторов, которые сказываются или должны сказываться положительно на развитии новых субъектов в будущем в составе нового федерального округа. Были подсчитаны изменения социальноэкономических показателей для Дальневосточного федерального округа в результате произошедшего изменения его границ. By a decree of the President of the Russian Federation on November 3, the Republic of Buryatia and the TransBaikal Territory became a part of the Far Eastern Federal District. These subjects have their own socioeconomic specifics relatively to other subjects by the structure of economy, the standard of living of the population, and the economic geographical position. One of the main goals of the work was to compare new subjects with other subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District in terms of the economic structure, a socioeconomic situation, and its dynamics. Both regions were found to have similar economic structures with the border regions of the south of the Far East. They have rather low socioeconomic indicators relatively to the overwhelming majority of the subjects of the Russian Federation, and especially among the subjects of the Far Eastern region, being together with the Jewish Autonomous Region among the outsiders. This was calculated by example of one of the comparison coefficients, which shows the degree of socioeconomic development between the subjects of the Federal district. Besides, by example of this coefficient, it was revealed that the regions under consideration conceded a significant part of other regions in the dynamics of socioeconomic indicators. Both regions have a small share in the socioeconomic indicators of the district, primarily because of weak development of the regions. This causes a decrease in these indicators per 1 person in the district. A number of economic features and geographical factors typical of a causal relationship of a low socioeconomic status and development of the Republic of Buryatia and the TransBaikal Territory relatively to other subjects of the Federal district were identified. By example of the structure of regional economy, it is indicated that, the regions with the highest share of industry have the highest socioeconomic indicators at the expense of mining. A number of factors are indicated that affect or should have a positive effect on the development of new subjects in future as part of a new federal district. The changes in socioeconomic indicators for the Far Eastern Federal District that occurred as a result of the change in its borders have been calculated.


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