Debut of Neurodegenerative Diseases in the Post-vaccination Period

2018 ◽  
pp. 615-617
Author(s):  
T. Bergelson ◽  
G. Pleshivtseva ◽  
S. Chubarova ◽  
A. Polushkin
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Period

scholarly journals The resurgence risk of COVID-19 in the presence of immunity waning and ADE effect: a mathematical modelling study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weike Zhou ◽  
Biao Tang ◽  
Yao Bai ◽  
Yiming Shao ◽  
Yanni Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Vaccination Period ◽  
Transmission Ability

Since the end of 2020, the mass vaccination has been actively promoted and seemed to be effective to bring the COVID-19 pandemic under control. However, the fact of immunity waning and the possible existence of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) make the situation uncertain. We developed a dynamic model of COVID-19 incorporating vaccination and immunity waning, which was calibrated by using the data of accumulative vaccine doses administered and the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020 in mainland China. We explored how long the current vaccination program can prevent China in a low risk of resurgence, and how ADE affects the long-term trajectory of COVID-19 epidemics. The prediction suggests that the vaccination coverage with at least one dose reach 95.87%, and with two-doses reach 77.92% on August 31, 2021. However, even with the mass vaccination, randomly introducing infected cases in the post-vaccination period can result in large outbreaks quickly in the presence of immunity waning, particularly for SARS-CoV-2 variants with higher transmission ability. The results showed that with the current vaccination program and a proportion of 50% population wearing masks, mainland China can be protected in a low risk of resurgence till 2023/01/18. However, ADE effect and higher transmission ability for variants would significantly shorten the protective period for more than 1 year. Furthermore, intermittent outbreaks can occur while the peak values of the subsequential outbreaks are decreasing, meaning that subsequential outbreaks boosted the immunity in the population level, which further indicating that catching-up vaccination program can help to mitigate the possible outbreaks, even avoid the outbreaks. The findings reveal that integrated effects of multiple factors, including immunity waning, ADE, relaxed interventions, and higher transmission ability of variants, make the control of COVID-19 much more difficult. We should get ready for a long struggle with COVID-19, and should not totally rely on COVID-19 vaccine.

scholarly journals Assessment of the timeliness of vaccination against pertussis in children of the first year of life and the reasons for the violation of the vaccination schedule

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
T. M. Chernova ◽  
V. N. Timchenko ◽  
A. I. Pedash ◽  
M. D. Subbotina ◽  
O. I. Bulina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Recombinant Interferon ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Ifn Alpha ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Vaccination Period

The maximum incidence of pertussis in young children confirms the importance of their timely immunization.The goal is – to study the timeliness of vaccination against whooping cough, causes of violation of the vaccination schedule in young children, the effect of recombinant interferon-a on the post-vaccination period.Materials and methods: the vaccination history and data on the course of the post-vaccination period after immunization with DPT and DaPT vaccines of 469 children at the age of 3–24 months were studied.Results. The analysis showed that 14,9% of the observed children were not vaccinated against whooping cough in a timely manner. Of these: 34,3% had a written refusal to vaccinate (5.1% of the total number of observed children), in 32,8% of cases, the vaccination schedule was violated due to late arrival of parents, 32,9% of children by the start of immunization had medical challenges, and only half of them had justified contraindications. Non-serious side effects associated with immunization were observed in 11.3% of cases, statistically more often with DTP (22,0%) compared with DaPT (5.,5%). General and local reactions, in general, were recorded on DPT (6,9% and 15,1%, respectively) and less often developed with the use of DaPT (1,0% and 4,5%, respectively). Within 1 month after immunization, 16,2% of the observed children had an acute respiratory viral infection of varying severity. Those who did not receive antiviral therapy more often carried the disease in a moderate and severe form, which in all cases led to the postponement of the administration of the second and third doses of the vaccine.Conclusion. To increase the timeliness of vaccination of children against whooping cough, medical professionals should persistently remind parents about the timing of turnout for the next vaccination, when making medical withdrawals, be guided by modern methodological documents and instructions for vaccines. The use of antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of IFN-alpha drugs allows us to comply with the recommended schedule for vaccination of children with a high risk of SARS in the post-vaccination period.

scholarly journals Emergence of human G2P[4] rotaviruses containing animal derived gene segments in the post-vaccine era

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Zeller ◽  
Valerie Nuyts ◽  
Elisabeth Heylen ◽  
Sarah De Coster ◽  
Nádia Conceição-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Nsp4 Gene ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Complete Genome Sequencing ◽  
Relative Prevalence ◽  
Vaccination Period

Abstract The introduction of Rotarix into the Belgian immunization program in June 2006 coincided with an increase of the relative prevalence of G2P[4] strains. However, the genetic composition of these persistent G2P[4] strains has not been investigated. Therefore, we have investigated the NSP4 gene of 89 Belgian G2P[4] strains detected between 1999 and 2013, covering both pre- and post-vaccination periods. The NSP4 genes were divided over seven separate clusters of which six were more closely related to animal than to human strains. The NSP4 genes that clustered more closely to animal DS-1-like strains were isolated after 2004–2005 and were found throughout multiple seasons. Complete genome sequencing of 28 strains identified several other gene segments that clustered more closely to animal than to human DS-1-like strains. These findings suggest that frequent interspecies reassortments may have played a role in the spread of G2P[4] rotaviruses in the post-vaccination period in Belgium.

scholarly journals Convulsive syndrome in the post-vaccination period: is there a connection with the vaccine?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
E. P. Nacharova ◽  
S. M. Kharit ◽  
A. A. Ruleva
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vaccination Period

The article describes the characteristics and classification of adverse events after immunization (AEFI) according to the latest WHO recommendations. The registration systems for AEFI in the USA and in Russia are described. Particular attention is paid to the interpretation of the convulsive syndrome that developed after vaccination. Four clinical cases of the development of convulsive syndrome in children hospitalized at the Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of Russia (St. Petersburg) in the postvaccination period are presented. The criteria for differential diagnosis of the described diseases are indicated. Only a search for the etiology of the disease allows us to assess the relationship with vaccination, timely conduct adequate therapy and generate objective information on the safety of vaccines. There is a need to register all episodes of seizures after vaccination and introduce new methods for registering PPI, as well as creating a system of statistical accounting of background health conditions (convulsions, allergies) of the population of the Russian Federation of various age groups.

scholarly journals The initial impact of a national BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine rollout

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Zaqout ◽  
Joanne Daghfal ◽  
Israa Alaqad ◽  
Saleh A.N. Hussein ◽  
Abdullah Aldushain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Vaccination Period

AbstractObjectiveWe herein report the initial impact of a national BNT162b2 rollout on SARS-CoV-2 infections in Qatar.MethodsWe included all individuals who by 16 March 2021 had completed ≥14 days of follow up after the receipt of BNT162b2. We calculated incidence rates (IR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI), during days 1–7, 8–14, 15–21, 22–28, and >28 days post-vaccination. Poisson regression was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) relative to the first 7-day post-vaccination period.ResultsWe included 199,219 individuals with 6,521,124 person-days of follow up. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 1,877 (0.9%), of which 489 (26.1%) were asymptomatic and 123 (6.6%) required oxygen support. The median time from first vaccination to SARS-CoV-2 confirmation was 11.9 days (IQR 7.7–18.2). Compared with the first 7-day post-vaccination period, SARS-CoV-2 infections were lower by 65.8–84.7% during days 15–21, days 22–28, and >28 days (P <0.001 for each). For severe COVID-19, the incidence rates were 75.7– 93.3% lower (P <0.001 for each) during the corresponding time periods.ConclusionOur results are consistent with an early protective effect of BNT162b2 against all degrees of SARS-CoV-2 severity.

scholarly journals Analysis of the intensity of post-vaccination immunity to acute respiratory viral infections of cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 06047
Author(s):  
E.V. Maksimova ◽  
E.S. Klimova ◽  
E.A. Merzlyakova ◽  
L.L. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Diagnostic Center ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
The City ◽  
Vaccination Period

Of the acute respiratory viral infections in the farms of the Udmurt Republic, parainfluenza-3, respiratory syncytial infection, infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea are the most common. For the prevention of these cattle diseases, the inactivated combined vaccine Kombovak and Kombovak R. is used. Despite the widespread use of this vaccine, there is an ambiguous situation in the farms of UR and the percentage of ARVI incidence is extremely variable. Along with general economic factors, this can be explained using different schemes for the use of the vaccine. The work was carried out in the conditions of an industrial livestock complex located in the Uvinsky district of the Udmurt Republic. During the period of the work, 1,383 heads of cattle vaccinated with the Kombovak-R vaccine were monitored. Laboratory tests were carried out in the BI UR "Udmurt Veterinary Diagnostic Center" in the city of Izhevsk and LLC "Independent Veterinary Laboratory "Chance-Bio" in the city of Moscow. Determination of immunity intensity and retrospective serological diagnosis of ARVI was carried out by examining paired blood serum samples. Blood serum samples were taken from clinically healthy cows at the 6th month of pregnancy, i.e. at the end of the inter-vaccination period, as well as from unvaccinated calves with a live weight of 50-55 kg at the age of 17-18 days and after 21 days, respectively. When studying the preservation of post-vaccination immunity in cows, it was found that only two out of five studied animals have a protective level of antibodies to acute respiratory viral infections by the end of the inter-vaccination period. Serological screening of calves showed that antibodies to the pathogens of IRT, VD, RSI and PI-3 were determined in all samples. nevertheless, the titers of antibodies to ARVI pathogens differed significantly.

scholarly journals Spatial analysis of pneumococcal meningitis in São Paulo in the pre- and post-immunization era

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Danise Senna Oliveira ◽  
Francisco Chiaravalloti Neto ◽  
Thiago Santos Mota ◽  
Daniel Brito de Araujo ◽  
Ana Marli Christovam Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Socioeconomic Variables ◽  
Vaccination Period

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the pneumococcal meningitis incidence rates in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, by age group, municipalities and micro-regions, as well as the spatial distribution of pneumococcal meningitis incidence rates among children under 5 years old in the pre- (2005–2009) and post-vaccination (2011–2013) periods and its associations with socioeconomic variables and vaccination coverage. METHODS: The data source was the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System. For the pre- and post-vaccination periods, thematic maps were built for pneumococcal meningitis incidence in under-5 children, by São Paulo state micro-regions, vaccination coverage and socioeconomic variables, using QGIS 2.6.1 software. Scan statistics performed by the SatScan 9.2 software were used to analyze spatial and spatiotemporal clusters in São Paulo municipalities and micro-regions. A Bayesian inference for latent Gaussian model with zero-inflated Poisson model through the integrated nested Laplace approximation was used in the spatial analysis to evaluate associations between pneumococcal meningitis incidence rates and socioeconomic variables of interest in São Paulo micro-regions. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2013, 3,963 pneumococcal meningitis cases were reported in São Paulo. Under-5 children were the most affected in the whole period. In the post-vaccination period, pneumococcal meningitis incidence rates decreased among this population, particularly among infants (from 4.17/100,000 in 2005 to 2.54/100,000 in 2013). Two clusters were found in pre-vaccination – one of low risk for pneumococcal meningitis, in the northwest of the state (OR = 0.45, p = 0.0003); and another of high risk in the southeast (OR = 1.62, p = 0.0000). In the post-vaccination period, only a high-risk cluster remained, in the southeast (RR = 1.97, p = 0.0570). In Bayesian analysis, wealth was the only variable positively associated to pneumococcal meningitis (RR = 1.026, 95%CI 1.002–1.052). CONCLUSIONS: Pneumococcal meningitis is probably underdiagnosed and underreported in São Paulo. Differentiated rates of pneumococcal meningitis diagnosis and reporting in each microregion, according to the São Paulo Index of Social Responsibility, might explain our results.

CLINICAL COURSE OF POST-VACCINATION PERIOD IN CHILDREN REVACCINATED WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF PERTUSSIS VACCINES

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
E.V. Prutskova ◽  
◽  
A.P. Cherdantsev ◽  
M.P. Kostinov ◽  
E.V. Poletaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Vaccination Period

POST COVID-19 VACCINATION SURVEY FROM MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS: A QUESTIONNAIRE BASED STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Reena Rani ◽  
Shikha Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Opinion Poll ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Vaccination Period

The seriousness of Covid-19 infection outbreak can be understood by looking at the Govt data or WHO data available. By analyzing the post vaccination experience from medical professionals we can use the data to further motivate general people to take the vaccine and shun the misconceptions and apprehensions related to the presently available vaccines .The objectives of the current study were to collect information about the perception of medical professionals on COVID-19 vaccine, to analyze the side effects in the rst 72 hours of post vaccination period and to associate the side effects with age, gender and presence of apprehensions. By taking the opinion poll and rating of the vaccine experience of medical professionals who are the rst ones on 1 – 10 Likert's scale we can bring out the true picture of their experience which can point towards the efciency of the Government vaccination programme and inspire more people to receive the vaccine in future to help prevent Covid-19 infection .Our study results can also validate the Govt. ofcial data of vaccination experience and satisfaction of people receiving it for the rst time and thereby making this drive a successful one.

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