“Cursed Days” by I. A. Bunin in Their Historical Context: Between Realism and Hyperrealism

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Paola Cioni
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Photographic Image ◽  
The Revolution

The article proposes to re-read “Cursed Days” by I. Bunin as an important junction between nineteenth-century realism and contemporary hyperrealism. The author focuses attention primarily on how the writer uses documents not only to capture a photographic image of reality, by inserting those documents into the narrative, but also to make his point of view abundantly clear. After all, it is the writer himself who declares his intention to wield public opinion by offering the truth proven by hard facts. Thereby Bunin paves ground for contemporary hyper-realistic literature. Theoretically, the article draws on the critical works by Raffaele Donnarumma, particularly his book “Ipermodernità. Dove va la narrativa contemporanea” (2014), where the concept of hyperrealism, previously applied to painting and sculpture, is used for the analysis of contemporary literature. Buninʼs political commitment, which back then was representative of opponents of the revolution, is also a typical feature of contemporary hypermodern writers. From this perspective, the work of Ivan Bunin is reconsidered in all its modernity, as a form of realism that precedes contemporary hypermodern fiction by more than a century.

Essays by Viktor Ya. Iretsky in the Context of the Journalism of 1917 and 1918

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Maria G. Semyonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Brothers Karamazov ◽  
Cherry Orchard ◽  
Brothers Karamazov ◽  
Maxim Gorky ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Political Pamphlets ◽  
The Revolution

This article aims to initiate a study of an extremely interesting body of texts by Viktor Ya. Iretsky that were published in the major metropolitan newspaper Rech' [Speech] and caused a resonance in 1917-1918. The study of the originality of the half-forgotten prose writer's revolutionary journalism in the context of the ideological searches of the author's famous contemporaries - M. Gorky, V.G. Korolenko, L.N. Andreev, A.A. Blok, I.A. Bunin - seems relevant. Based on newspaper, magazine, and book collections of the National Library of Russia, the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the House of Russia Abroad, the article analyzes the essays published in Rech' from March 1917 to August 1918 using historical-literary and intertextual research methods. In the course of the research, the author selected the most revealing essays that are comparable to well-known journalistic works about the revolution, analyzed their artistic originality, evolution, and similarity to the journalism of 1917-1918. Iretsky's texts are thematically and ideologically similar to Andreev's articles and diary entries, Korolenko's writings, and - particularly - Gorky's cycle published in Novaya Zhizn' [New Life]; however, theses texts describe the facts, moods, and the revolutionary atmosphere from the point of view of an observer who opposes the revolution and, since May 1917, sees it only as destructive force. The author concludes that Iretsky's essays, reflecting the metamorphoses of the intelligentsia's perception of the revolution, problems close to Gorky's and Korolenko's notes, are more similar to emigrants' diaries, especially Bunin's Cursed Days, in their confessional nature, antiBolshevik pathos and artistry. The specificity of Iretsky's texts is explained by the attention to specific everyday material immersed in the cultural and historical context. The value of the essays is determined by its orientation to everyday life, inclusion of the living tissue of life in the texts; by its confessional nature, which back in 1917 and 1918 revealed a critical emigrant attitude - then expressed in diaries only - to the course of the revolutionary transformation of Russia; and by the inclusion of expressive historical and cultural figurative elements. Abstracting, analyzing the situation from the point of view of European history and culture (including the ideals of the French revolution), using images of works of Russian literature (Dead Souls by Gogol, The Cherry Orchard by Chekhov, The Brothers Karamazov by Dostoevsky, etc.) and reminiscences on them, Iretsky does not approach authors of political pamphlets, but rather such important figures of Russian journalism as Maxim Gorky and Vladimir Korolenko, and the diary prose of the brightest Russian writers.

scholarly journals Litteraturen og revolutionen

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (64) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lev Trotskij
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Revolution

Lev Trotskij: "Litteraturen og revolutionen"AbstractLev Trotskij: “Literature and Revolution: Introduction”Leo Trotsky’s introduction to his Literature and Revolution from 1923 outlines the argument of the book: The revolution necessitates a unification of poetical experiments and political commitment. In opposition to the futurist idea of a complete break with the past, this necessity does not for Trotsky imply severing the ties to the so-called bourgeois literature of the nineteenth century, but a living, historically conscious dialogue with the past.

scholarly journals MODERNIDADE, CIÊNCIA, FILOSOFIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
José Ternes
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Modern Knowledge ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The University ◽  
Epistemological Point ◽  
The Revolution

O texto faz incursões por alguns textos de historiadores do pensamento ocidental objetivando apreender alguns aspectos decisivos da modernidade, como também mostrar que no tempo presente ocorre o desencantamento das promessas, demasiadamente otimistas, dos séculos XVII e XVIII. Do ponto de vista epistemológico, demonstra que a revolução da modernidade tem a ver com mudanças de objetos, argumentando que entender nossa época significa perguntar-se acerca da natureza dos novos objetos nascidos ou constituídos a partir dos começos do século XIX. Essa inversão epistemológica moderna requer outra relação com o saber, o que coloca para a Educação exigências maiores do que apenas a instrução. E questiona: se o saber moderno é tão frágil, tão efêmero, tão pouco seguro, por que com ele nos ocupar? Não poderia a escola, a universidade, estar a serviço de outras instâncias, mais urgentes talvez, do que o saber? O que se quer com a educação?   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Filosofia; Modernidade; Educação.     ABSTRACT The text makes inroads into some texts of historians of Western thought in order to apprehend some decisive aspects of modernity, but also to show that at the present time there is the disenchantment of the overly optimistic promises of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. From the epistemological point of view, it demonstrates that the revolution of modernity has to do with changes of objects, arguing that understanding our age means asking about the nature of new objects born or constituted from the beginnings of the nineteenth century. This modern epistemological inversion requires another relation with knowledge, which places more demands on education than instruction alone. And he asks: if modern knowledge is so fragile, so ephemeral, so uncertain, why should it occupy us? Could not the school, the university, be at the service of other instances, perhaps more urgent, than knowledge? What do you want with education?   KEYWORDS: Philosophy; Modernity; Education.     RESUMEN El texto hace incursiones por algunos textos de historiadores del pensamiento occidental objetivando aprehender algunos aspectos decisivos de la modernidad, como también mostrar que en el tiempo presente ocurre el desencanto de las promesas, demasiado optimistas, de los siglos XVII y XVIII. Desde el punto de vista epistemológico, demuestra que la revolución de la modernidad tiene que ver con cambios de objetos, argumentando que entender nuestra época significa preguntarse acerca de la naturaleza de los nuevos objetos nacidos o constituidos a partir de los comienzos del siglo XIX. Esta inversión epistemológica moderna requiere otra relación con el saber, lo que coloca para la Educación exigencias mayores que sólo la instrucción. Y pregunta: si el saber moderno es tan frágil, tan efímero, tan poco seguro, por qué con él nos ocupar? ¿No podría la escuela, la universidad, estar al servicio de otras instancias, más urgentes tal vez, que el saber? ¿Qué se quiere con la educación?   PALABRAS CLAVE: Filosofía; Modernidad; Educación.

scholarly journals La emancipación femenina decimonónica a través del denuedo velocipédico = The feminine decimononic emancipation through the cycling courage

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Corona Verdú
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Spanish Women ◽  
Relevant Field ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Las Mujeres

Resumen. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar, desde un punto de vista cualitativo y cuantitativo, la importancia y trascendencia que el velocípedo tuvo para las mujeres españolas del siglo XIX, tanto desde una perspectiva deportiva, higiénica y terapéutica como desde el prisma de la lucha por los derechos sociales y civiles. No en vano, la bicicleta se conformó en las últimas décadas del siglo XIX y en las primeras del siglo XX como un elemento común de la lucha sufragista y feminista en todo el mundo, en derredor del cual se planteó la reformulación de una suerte de ideas tales como la liberación femenina, la democratización del cuerpo, la presencia de las mujeres en la vida pública y su proyección social a través del denuedo agonístico deportivo. La importancia de este estudio radica en su pretensión de anidar extramuros, más allá de la propia competición deportiva, realizando una lectura simbólica de la sociedad y el contexto histórico de la centuria decimonónica. Elegir a las mujeres como objeto de nuestro estudio conlleva la continuación de un campo tremendamente relevante dentro de la investigación. Es un enfoque en el que pueden confluir varios campos de estudio: antropológico, histórico, social y cultural en un intento de analizar las relaciones de género en una determinada etapa de la historia contemporánea.Palabras clave: velocípedo, ciclismo, género, mujeres, emancipación, España.Abstract. This article aims to analyze, from a qualitative and quantitative point of view, the importance that the velocipede had for Spanish women of the nineteenth century, from a sporting, hygienic and therapeutic perspective as well as from the prism of the struggle for Social and civil rights. Not in vain, the bicycle was formed in the last decades of the nineteenth century and in the early twentieth century as a common element of the struggle suffragist and feminist around the world, around which was proposed the reformulation of a kind of ideas such as women’s liberation, the democratization of the body, the presence of women in public life and their social projection through the agonistic sporting courage. The importance of this study lies in its intention to nest outside the walls, beyond the competition itself, making a symbolic reading of the society and the historical context of the nineteenth century. Choosing women as the object of our study entails the continuation of a tremendously relevant field within the research. It is an approach that can combine several fields of study: anthropological, historical, social and cultural, in an attempt to analyze gender relations at a particular stage in contemporary history.Keywords: velocipede, cycling, gender, women, emancipation, Spain.

The Revolutionizing of the Revolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
French Government ◽  
Thing In Itself ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The French Revolution ◽  
The Revolution

In 1792, the French Revolution became a thing in itself, an uncontrollable force that might eventually spend itself but which no one could direct or guide. The governments set up in Paris in the following years all faced the problem of holding together against forces more revolutionary than themselves. This chapter distinguishes two such forces for analytical purposes. There was a popular upheaval, an upsurge from below, sans-culottisme, which occurred only in France. Second, there was the “international” revolutionary agitation, which was not international in any strict sense, but only concurrent within the boundaries of various states as then organized. From the French point of view these were the “foreign” revolutionaries or sympathizers. The most radical of the “foreign” revolutionaries were seldom more than advanced political democrats. Repeatedly, however, from 1792 to 1799, these two forces tended to converge into one force in opposition to the French government of the moment.

Performing the Mass in B Minor in an Age of Choices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Melamed
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Johann Sebastian Bach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Performance History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Compositional History

Every performance of Johann Sebastian Bach’'s Mass in B Minor makes choices. The work’s compositional history and the nature of the sources that transmit it require performers to make decisions about its musical text and about the performing forces used in its realization. The Mass’s editorial history reflects deeply ideological views about Bach’s composition and how it should sound, not just objective reporting on the piece, with consequences for performances that follow specific editions. Things left unspecified by the composer need to be filled in, and every decision—including the choice to add nothing to Bach’s text—represents an interpretation. And the long performance history of the Mass offers a range of possibilities, reflecting a tension between the performance of a work like the Mass in Bach’s time and the tradition inherited from the nineteenth century. Every performance thus represents a point of view about the piece; —there are no neutral performances.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowan Strong
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
British Colonies ◽  
Christian Society

The Introduction looks at the historical context of British and Irish Christianity in the 1840s when the Anglican emigrant chaplaincy began. It also looks at conclusions of historians examining British and Irish emigration in the nineteenth century. Scholars have known for many years that the Victorian period in Britain was one of massive religiosity. Yet, when historians describe emigrants from this highly Christian society arriving in British colonies, the settlers are often described as generally religiously indifferent, unchurched, and even hostile to religion. On this basis it becomes difficult to understand how so many churches were built by British colonists in Australia and other settler colonies; how colonial denominations became established so quickly and effectively; and how sectarianism began, let alone flourished. Finally, this Introduction provides a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the groups of sources that have been used in this study.

Law as Institution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Anglo American

Institutionalism is a theory that maintains that law is neither norm nor command but institution. It emerges in the late-nineteenth century primarily through the work of Hauriou in France and Romano in Italy. Their innovative studies are shaped by reflecting on the effects of social and economic change on law, which manifests itself primarily in the emergence of administrative law. In this chapter the importance of institutional jurisprudence is assessed by examining its historical context and offering reflections on its continuing significance. It argues that, partly because of the lack of English translations of its leading exponents, institutionalism has been relatively neglected in Anglo-American jurisprudence, and that it continues to offer acute insights into contemporary juristic controversies.

Who Was This Man?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch Kachun
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Broad Context ◽  
Military Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Revolution

Chapter 1 introduces the broad context of the eighteenth-century Atlantic world in which Crispus Attucks lived, describes the events of the Boston Massacre, and assesses what we know about Attucks’s life. It also addresses some of the most widely known speculations and unsupported stories about Attucks’s life, experiences, and family. Much of what is assumed about Attucks today is drawn from a fictionalized juvenile biography from 1965, which was based largely on research in nineteenth-century sources. Attucks’s characterization as an unsavory outsider and a threat to the social order emerged during the soldiers’ trial. Subsequently, American Revolutionaries in Boston began the construction of a heroic Attucks as they used the memory of the massacre and all its victims to serve their own political agendas during the Revolution by portraying the victims as respectable, innocent citizens struck down by a tyrannical military power.

Gabriele d’Annunzio’s Notturno, the book of the Italian war: Political commitment, national regeneration and its ideological roots

2021 ◽  
pp. 001458582110054
Author(s):  
Guylian Nemegeer ◽  
Mara Santi
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Political Message ◽  
Political Project ◽  
Political Value ◽  
Cultural Message

This article argues that Gabriele d’Annunzio’s Notturno conveys a conscious political and cultural message which is consequent of his long-lasting political commitment to the nation. This political value of the book has been mainly overlooked. Therefore, the first part of the article shows the locations of the political and war-related content, and how the book can be considered as a war diary. Moreover, the first part of the article relates the Notturno to d’Annunzio’s political project for the nation at the time when the book was composed (1915–1921). The aim of this part is to dispel the enduring critical misinterpretation of the Notturno as an intimate collection of memories and visions and to foreground its national value. The second part of the article addresses the roots of the Notturno’s political message from a literary point of view by relating it to the national commitment underlying d’Annunzio’s works since the 1880s. This commitment is based on the revalorization in the author’s literary works of the Italian national past, in particular of the 16th century, where d’Annunzio continues and renews the national storytelling of the Risorgimento.

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