scholarly journals Physiological parameters of thrombocytes in piglets during phase of plant nutrition early ontogeny

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Zavalishina ◽  
E. S. Tkacheva
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Early Ontogenesis ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Thromboxane Synthetase ◽  
Hemostatic Activity ◽  
Important Regulator

A very important mechanism for maintaining homeostasis in the animal body is platelet hemostasis. The level of his activity very strongly determines the rheology of blood in the capillaries and due to this the state of metabolism in the tissues. There is reason to believe that the growth and development of piglets depends on the level of functional activity of platelets. For this reason, studies of the age-related dynamics of platelet activity in piglets at the end of early ontogenesis are of great importance. In the study, it was found that the piglets of plant nutrition showed an increase in the aggregation capacity of platelets (aggregation of their platelets was accelerated by ADP from 34.10.12 s to 27.60.12 s, with collagen from 24.70.08 s to 17.50.10 s, with thrombin from 36.50.08 s to 28.40.12 s). The main reason for this may be an intensification of the work of receptor and postreceptor mechanisms of platelets. This was characteristic of piglets during the phase of plant nutrition of early ontogenesis to the same extent with respect to strong and weak inducers of platelet aggregation. The increase in thromboxane synthesis in platelets (from 48.50.05% to 59.80.09%) was largely due to an increase in the activity of cyclooxygenase in them (from 78,40.06% to 89.80.12%) and thromboxane synthetase (from 69.20.07% to 81.50.07%) and activation of ADP secretion from them (from 46.00.13% to 56.90.15%). The increase in hemostatic activity of platelets in piglets during the phase of plant nutrition of early ontogeny should be considered an important regulator of their microcirculation and metabolism in tissues under existing conditions of existence.

scholarly journals Physiological Features of Platelets in Milk and Vegetable Nutrition Piglets

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1437-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tkacheva E. S.
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Thromboxane Synthetase ◽  
Hemostatic Activity ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Secretory Capacity

A very important mechanism for maintaining homeostasis in the animal body is platelet hemostasis. The level of his activity very strongly determines the rheology of blood in the capillaries and due to this the state of metabolism in the tissues. There is reason to believe that the growth and development of piglets depends on the level of functional activity of platelets. For this reason, studies of the age-related dynamics of platelet activity in piglets during early ontogeny are of great importance. In the study, it was established that piglets of milk and vegetal nutrition showed an increase in the adhesive, aggregation and secretory capacity of platelets. The main reason for this may be an intensification of the work of receptor and postreceptor mechanisms of platelets. This was characteristic of piglets during dairy and plant nutrition in the same degree with respect to strong and weak inducers of platelet aggregation. At the base of the revealed increase in the activity of platelets in piglets throughout the course of the observation, the increase in the synthesis of thromboxane in platelets was largely due to the increase in the activity of cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthetase in them and activation of the secretion of ADP from them. The increase in hemostatic activity of platelets in piglets during the phase of milk and plant nutrition should be considered an important regulator of their microcirculation and metabolism in tissues under changing conditions of existence.

scholarly journals Functional properties of platelets in piglets when changing methods of nutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00171
Author(s):  
Svetlana Yu. Zavalishina
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Thromboxane Synthetase ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Observation Period

A functionally significant element in ensuring homeostasis of the internal environment of an animal organism is platelets. The state of their activity greatly influences the rheology of blood in small vessels and, thus, the metabolism in tissues. It becomes clear that the process of growth and development of piglets at any age substantially depends on the level of their activity. In this regard, the assessment of agerelated changes in platelet activity in piglets during their early ontogenesis is of great importance. In the work performed, it was found that in piglets during the dairy and vegetable nutrition phase there is an increase in the adhesive, aggregation and secretory properties of platelets. The leading cause of these changes can be the enhancement of receptor processes and activation of the work of post-receptor mechanisms of information transfer in platelets. This is noted in piglets during the milk-plant nutrition phase simultaneously for both strong and weak aggregation inducers. The growth of platelet activity in piglets found during the observation period apparently was due to the intensification of thromboxane generation in platelets as a result of the increased activity of their cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthetase, as well as an increase in the secretion of ADP molecules from them. The increase in the severity of the hemostatic properties of platelets in piglets during the milk-plant nutrition phase seems to be a serious regulator of their microcirculation and metabolism processes in any environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Platelet function activity in black-motley calves during the dairy phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda V. Vorobyeva ◽  
Ilya N. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Early Ontogenesis ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Thromboxane Synthetase ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Minimize Blood Loss ◽  
Adenosine Phosphates ◽  
Milk Feeding

Platelet activity in cattle can change under the influence of many factors. Their assessment in the second phase of their early ontogenesis is of great interest, taking into account the breed of calves. The purpose of the work is to evaluate platelet activity in black-and-white breed dairy calves. The study was conducted on 41 calf of black-motley breed, which was obtained from healthy cows as a result of 2–3 pregnancies. The calves were examined on the 11th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th day of ontogenesis. The study used biochemical, hematological and statistical methods. In animals, an increase in platelet aggregation with all tested inductors was detected during the milk feeding phase. The number of discoid platelets in the blood of calves observed during the second phase of early ontogenesis decreased by 10.5 %. Moreover, the total number of active platelets increased by 24.0 %. The levels of small, as well as medium and large aggregates of platelets present in the blood also increased during the milk feeding phase by 28.6 and 27.3 %, respectively. This was achieved in the observed calves by an increase of 9.6 % in the synthesis of thromboxane in platelets due to an increase in the activity of cyclooxygenase in them by 9.4 % and thromboxane synthetase by 9.3 %. This was also influenced by the increase in the platelet content of adenosine phosphates and the increase in their secretion. The levels of actin and myosin in inactive calf platelets increased during the milk feeding phase by 9.7 and 13.2 %, respectively. In animals, an increase in the additional generation of actin and myosin was revealed during platelet aggregation by 11.1 and 9.8 %, respectively. It is clear that calves of the black-motley breed of dairy food are characterized by a certain increase in the activity of platelet aggregation and secretion. This provides them with a high degree of preservation of blood volume in case of damage to blood vessels. The growth of intravascular platelet activity in these calves also contributes to the creation of the necessary conditions to minimize blood loss and ensure homeostasis.

scholarly journals Anti-Aggregation Function of Blood Vessels in Piglets of Dairy and Plant Nutrition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena S. Tkacheva ◽  
Ilya N. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Early Ontogenesis ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Primary Hemostasis ◽  
Optimal Functioning

Modern pig farming is a significant sector of modern agriculture in many countries. The attractiveness of its products is associated with their excellent taste and economic affordability. The intensive development of pig breeding considers the latest achievements in the field of pig biology during their early ontogenesis. Optimal functioning of hemostasis in growing piglets relies on platelet activity. Its low severity during the phase of milk and vegetable nutrition provides them with the optimal functional state of primary hemostasis, the success of microcirculation in the internal organs, and sufficient activity of all functional and biochemical processes. In the blood of healthy piglets during the phase of dairy and plant nutrition, a decrease in the number of peroxidation products was noted due to an increase in the level of antioxidant protection of their plasma. This minimized their platelet and vascular wall alteration and provided optimal platelet-vascular interactions. This study shows that the gradual increase in the platelet aggregation that develops in piglets at this age is functionally balanced by the increase in the disaggregation properties of blood vessels and creates conditions for optimal blood flow in small-caliber vessels. Keywords: piglets, phase of dairy and plant nutrition, platelets, aggregation, disaggregation, early ontogenesis

Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation by Human Placenta

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Dembélé-Duchesne ◽  
A Laghchim Lahlou ◽  
H Thaler-Dao ◽  
A Crastes de Paulet
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor ◽  
Synthetase Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibition Of Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Thromboxane Synthetase ◽  
Rabbit Platelets ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryHuman placental cytosol inhibits platelet aggregation induced by high doses of collagen. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this anti-aggregating activity was caused only by the presence of various activities already described in the placenta (an ADP-consuming enzyme, a fatty acid cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor) or whether another factor was present.Heating the cytosol at 50° C for 6 min destroyed the inhibitor of collagen-induced aggregation. ADPase and the AA pathway inhibitors were not modified by this treatment. We therefore show the presence of an additional anti-aggregating factor: it is destroyed by heating at 50° C.We also tested for the presence of an inhibitor of AA release in the placental cytosol using three different methods (rabbit platelets in PRP, washed rabbit platelets, and NRK fibroblasts) but no inhibition could be evidenced.We conclude that this new anti-aggregating factor, which is probably a protein, acts neither through AA release inhibition nor AA cascade inhibition.

scholarly journals ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE (NO) IN CAPSAICIN MEDIATED ANTI-PLATELET ACTIVITY IN IN VITRO, IN VIVO, EX-VIVO MODEL OF PLATELET AGGREGATION ASSAY AND ARTERIAL THROMBOSIS IN RAT: POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Mihir K Patel ◽  
Kiranj K. Chaudagar ◽  
Anita A. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Aggregation Assay ◽  
Thrombosis Model ◽  
Platelet Aggregation Assay

Objective: Although recent advances in the treatment of congestive heart disease, mortality among patients’ remains a questionable remark. Therefore, we evaluated the role of capsaicin on in vitro and ex vivo platelet aggregation induced by Adenosine Di-Phosphate (ADP) as well as in in vivo thrombosis models and role of NO, KATP was also identified in the capsaicin-induced anti-platelet animal model as well as in vivo model of arterial thrombosis.Methods: According to body weight wistar rats were divided into five groups. Group I and Group II was treated with saline and capsaicin (3 mg/kg, i. v), while animals from Group III were treated with N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (30 mg/kg, i. v) 30 min before administration of capsaicin (3 mg/kg, i. v). Group IV animals were treated with glibenclamide (10 mg/kg,i. v) 30 min before administration of capsaicin (3 mg/kg, i. v). Group V was considered as a positive control and administered clopidogrel (30 mg/kg, p. o). Animals were subjected for in vitro, ex-vivo platelet aggregation assay. ADP (30µM) was utilized as an aggregating agent in these experiments. After these assays; animals of each group were subjected for subaqueous tail bleeding time in a rat model and FeCl3-induced arterial thrombosis model in rats.Results: In ADP-induced in vitro platelet aggregation, a significant reduction in % platelet aggregation was observed at 50µM (64.35±4.641) and 100µM (52.72±4.192) concentration of capsaicin as compared to vehicle control (85.82±3.716). Capsaicin (3 mg/kg, i. v) also showed a significant reduction (49.53±4.075) in ex-vivo ADP-induced platelet aggregation as compared to vehicle control (89.38±2.057). In FeCl3 induced arterial thrombosis model, Capsaicin (3 mg/kg, i. v) exhibited an increase in time to occlusion in this rodent model and presence of the L-NAME and glibenclamide had inhibited the activity of capsaicin.Conclusion: In our study, capsaicin (50 µM, 100µM) exhibited potent anti-platelet activity in ADP-induced platelet aggregation, similarly capsaicin exhibited significant anti-platelet action in the ex-vivo study. Moreover, the presence of L-NAME and glibenclamide inhibited the anti-thrombotic and anti-platelet action of capsaicin. Therefore, it was concluded that NO and KATP may be involved in the anti-thrombotic action of capsaicin.

scholarly journals Duration of colonial bird species egg incubation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Yuri Gennadievich Lamekhov
Keyword(s):  
Ordinal Number ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Early Ontogenesis ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Colonial Bird ◽  
Incubation Duration ◽  
Colonial Settlement

The paper deals with one of the aspects of bird early ontogenesis biology - egg incubation duration, which was defined as the time interval between egg laying and hatching from it. The oomorphological parameters are determined taking into account the ordinal number of the laid eggs. Parameters of early ontogeny of birds are studied on the example of colonially nesting species: blackberry toadstool ( Podiceps nigricollis C.L. Brehm.) and lake gull ( Larus ridibundus L.). Within the colonial settlement of these species, the biological center and the periphery of the colony were isolated. When studying the parameters of early ontogeny of birds and oomorphological characteristics, the same number of eggs was taken into account. During field and laboratory studies it was found that the incubation of eggs lasts longer in eggs from the nests of the biological center of the colony. The first eggs are incubated longer. These features clearly manifested in the early ontogeny of the gull. The increase in the egg incubation duration occurs against the background of an increase in their mass and a decrease in the concentration of lysozyme in the protein shell of the egg. Egg incubation duration is one of the results of embryonalization as a way of evolution of ontogeny. The manifestation of the results of embryogenesis was revealed for the first eggs in the nests of the biological center of the colony. Embryonalization leads to an increase in egg incubation duration as well as to a decrease in the intensity of elimination in early ontogenesis, which affects the number of individuals breeding in the colony and, accordingly, the structure of the colonial settlement of birds.

Diabetic Retinopathy And Thromboxane Like Substance

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Lazzari ◽  
M Gimeno ◽  
N M Sutton ◽  
J R Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Thromboxane A2 ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Platelet Activity

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a risk factor in the development of vasculopathies and its complications. It produces also its own microangiopathy. Evidence was reported of increased platelet activity in DM in different assays. Platelets aggregation and the arachidonic cycle could play a key role in the increased tendency to thrombosis. A disorder of ratio TXA2/PGI2, two opposing prostaglandin derivatives, could be the initial step. We intended to evaluate a thromboxane like substance (TLS) produced from platelet rich plasma (PRP) and to compare between normals and diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients. TLS was measured in 16 controls and 16 patients. Assay was done with the aggregating activity developed in PRP (considered TLS) after addition of arachidonic acid (f.c. 2 mM). The supernatant of the PRP (100 μl) was taken 40 sec. after the aggregation started and were added to a normal PRP treated with aspirin (f.c. 40 μl/ml) adjusted to 250.000 - 300.000 pl/μl and the degree of platelet aggregation measured in a Chrono Log Aggregometer. TLS was inactivated after its incubation during 2 min. at 37°C. This finding suggests this activity is due to TXA2.The results obtained (expressed in % of platelet aggregation) were: controls x 16.37% ± 6.28 and DR x 36.00% ± 9.72.The increase detected in the DR group supports previous experimental reports suggesting the role of the thromboxane A2 in vaso occlusive complication of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Doxorubicin contributes to thrombus formation and vascular injury by interfering with platelet function

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (1) ◽  
pp. H133-H143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haichen Lv ◽  
Ruopeng Tan ◽  
Jiawei Liao ◽  
Zhujing Hao ◽  
Xiaolei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Vascular Toxicity ◽  
Platelet Functions

Doxorubicin therapy in mice (antitumor dosage) markedly enhanced platelet functions measured as agonist-induced platelet aggregation, degranulation, and adhesion to endothelial cells, actions leading to thrombus formation and thrombosis-independent vascular injury. Clopidogrel treatment ameliorated thrombus formation and vascular toxicity induced by doxorubicin via inhibiting platelet activity.

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