scholarly journals Platelet function activity in black-motley calves during the dairy phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda V. Vorobyeva ◽  
Ilya N. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Early Ontogenesis ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Thromboxane Synthetase ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Minimize Blood Loss ◽  
Adenosine Phosphates ◽  
Milk Feeding

Platelet activity in cattle can change under the influence of many factors. Their assessment in the second phase of their early ontogenesis is of great interest, taking into account the breed of calves. The purpose of the work is to evaluate platelet activity in black-and-white breed dairy calves. The study was conducted on 41 calf of black-motley breed, which was obtained from healthy cows as a result of 2–3 pregnancies. The calves were examined on the 11th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th day of ontogenesis. The study used biochemical, hematological and statistical methods. In animals, an increase in platelet aggregation with all tested inductors was detected during the milk feeding phase. The number of discoid platelets in the blood of calves observed during the second phase of early ontogenesis decreased by 10.5 %. Moreover, the total number of active platelets increased by 24.0 %. The levels of small, as well as medium and large aggregates of platelets present in the blood also increased during the milk feeding phase by 28.6 and 27.3 %, respectively. This was achieved in the observed calves by an increase of 9.6 % in the synthesis of thromboxane in platelets due to an increase in the activity of cyclooxygenase in them by 9.4 % and thromboxane synthetase by 9.3 %. This was also influenced by the increase in the platelet content of adenosine phosphates and the increase in their secretion. The levels of actin and myosin in inactive calf platelets increased during the milk feeding phase by 9.7 and 13.2 %, respectively. In animals, an increase in the additional generation of actin and myosin was revealed during platelet aggregation by 11.1 and 9.8 %, respectively. It is clear that calves of the black-motley breed of dairy food are characterized by a certain increase in the activity of platelet aggregation and secretion. This provides them with a high degree of preservation of blood volume in case of damage to blood vessels. The growth of intravascular platelet activity in these calves also contributes to the creation of the necessary conditions to minimize blood loss and ensure homeostasis.

scholarly journals Physiological parameters of thrombocytes in piglets during phase of plant nutrition early ontogeny

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Zavalishina ◽  
E. S. Tkacheva
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Early Ontogenesis ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Thromboxane Synthetase ◽  
Hemostatic Activity ◽  
Important Regulator

A very important mechanism for maintaining homeostasis in the animal body is platelet hemostasis. The level of his activity very strongly determines the rheology of blood in the capillaries and due to this the state of metabolism in the tissues. There is reason to believe that the growth and development of piglets depends on the level of functional activity of platelets. For this reason, studies of the age-related dynamics of platelet activity in piglets at the end of early ontogenesis are of great importance. In the study, it was found that the piglets of plant nutrition showed an increase in the aggregation capacity of platelets (aggregation of their platelets was accelerated by ADP from 34.10.12 s to 27.60.12 s, with collagen from 24.70.08 s to 17.50.10 s, with thrombin from 36.50.08 s to 28.40.12 s). The main reason for this may be an intensification of the work of receptor and postreceptor mechanisms of platelets. This was characteristic of piglets during the phase of plant nutrition of early ontogenesis to the same extent with respect to strong and weak inducers of platelet aggregation. The increase in thromboxane synthesis in platelets (from 48.50.05% to 59.80.09%) was largely due to an increase in the activity of cyclooxygenase in them (from 78,40.06% to 89.80.12%) and thromboxane synthetase (from 69.20.07% to 81.50.07%) and activation of ADP secretion from them (from 46.00.13% to 56.90.15%). The increase in hemostatic activity of platelets in piglets during the phase of plant nutrition of early ontogeny should be considered an important regulator of their microcirculation and metabolism in tissues under existing conditions of existence.

scholarly journals Functional properties of hemostasis in piglets after short-term overheating against the background of corrective action

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00169
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Zaitsev ◽  
Marina V. Mekhanikova ◽  
Svetlana V. Shestakova ◽  
Tatyana P. Ryzhakina
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Large White ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Catosal is considered to be a highly effective bio-stimulator. It showed his properties in animals, realizing the stimulation of their tissues and organs. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of Catosal on hemostatic parameters in piglets that experienced overheating. 58 piglets at the age of 2.5 months, which belonged to a large white breed, were taken into work. All animals as a result of an accidental emergency shutdown of the air conditioning system in the pigsty suffered overheating for 3 hours. These animals were randomly divided into two comparable groups. One was named experimental; the other was called control 1. Pigs of the experimental group (21 heads) received intramuscular injections of 2.5 ml of Catosal daily for 5 consecutive days, from the next day after an overheating episode. The control group 1 consisted of piglets with a total number of 21. After an overheating episode, they were under the usual conditions of a pigsty and did not receive any effects. In experimental piglets and piglets of the control group 1, all indicators were recorded in the outcome and after 30 days. Control group 2 consisted of 32 completely healthy piglets that were kept under standard conditions of a pigsty for their entire lives. They were examined once. Catosal injections in the observed piglets after overheating led to a decrease in spontaneous and stimulated platelet aggregation to normal levels. Against the background of the use of Catosal in the piglets that made up the experimental group, a weakening of hemocoagulation was found, which improved blood circulation in their tissues. Piglets of control group 1 showed an increase in platelet aggregation and blood coagulation. This had a very negative effect on hemorheology in them and weakened their metabolism. We can assume that in piglets after overheating, in the absence of optimizing effects, hemostasis is activated. This adversely affects the course of microcirculation and inhibits growth. Injections in piglets after overheating of the Catosal lead to a weakening of hemocoagulation and platelet activity to optimum values. This normalizes the course of microcirculation in the internal organs of animals.

scholarly journals Physiological Features of Platelets in Milk and Vegetable Nutrition Piglets

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1437-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tkacheva E. S.
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Thromboxane Synthetase ◽  
Hemostatic Activity ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Secretory Capacity

A very important mechanism for maintaining homeostasis in the animal body is platelet hemostasis. The level of his activity very strongly determines the rheology of blood in the capillaries and due to this the state of metabolism in the tissues. There is reason to believe that the growth and development of piglets depends on the level of functional activity of platelets. For this reason, studies of the age-related dynamics of platelet activity in piglets during early ontogeny are of great importance. In the study, it was established that piglets of milk and vegetal nutrition showed an increase in the adhesive, aggregation and secretory capacity of platelets. The main reason for this may be an intensification of the work of receptor and postreceptor mechanisms of platelets. This was characteristic of piglets during dairy and plant nutrition in the same degree with respect to strong and weak inducers of platelet aggregation. At the base of the revealed increase in the activity of platelets in piglets throughout the course of the observation, the increase in the synthesis of thromboxane in platelets was largely due to the increase in the activity of cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthetase in them and activation of the secretion of ADP from them. The increase in hemostatic activity of platelets in piglets during the phase of milk and plant nutrition should be considered an important regulator of their microcirculation and metabolism in tissues under changing conditions of existence.

Measurement of the Platelet Response to Laser- induced Microvascular Injury

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 704-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. N McKenzie ◽  
K.-E Arfors ◽  
N. A Matheson
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Microvascular Blood Flow ◽  
Platelet Response ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Microvascular Injury ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Proximal Site ◽  
Adenosine Phosphates

SummaryA study has been made of the biochemical factors underlying the platelet response to laser-induced microvascular injury. A platelet aggregating substance is produced at sites of laser-induced injury which markedly stimulates platelet activity at a site of injury inflicted a short distance downstream. Distal sites of injury are not similarly influenced if the distance between the injuries is increased or if the proximal site no longer shows platelet-stimulating activity. The stimulating effect of an adjacent proximal injury on platelet activity at a distal site is inhibited by local intra-arterial infusion of adenosine. Measurements of arterial blood pressure and microvascular blood flow velocity during adenosine infusion showed that its inhibitory effect on platelet activity is largely independent of its vasodilator properties. The effect of infusion of different adenosine phosphates (AMP, ADP, ATP) was also studied. Very small amounts of ADP markedly stimulated platelet activity and the emboli formed were similar to those normally produced at sites of laser injury. At high concentration AMP inhibited while ATP stimulated platelet activity in vivo. The results emphasise the fundamental role of ADP as a mediator of the platelet response at sites of laser- induced microvascular injury.

Inhibition of Platelet Function by Antiarrhythmic Drugs, Verapamil and Disopyramide

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (02) ◽  
pp. 150-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Han ◽  
C Boatwright ◽  
N G Ardlie
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Drugs ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Artery Disease

SummaryVarious cardiovascular drugs such as nitrates and propranolol, used in the treatment of coronary artery disease have been shown to have an antiplatelet effect. We have studied the in vitro effects of two antiarrhythmic drugs, verapamil and disopyramide, and have shown their inhibitory effect on platelet function. Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, inhibited the second phase of platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inhibited aggregation induced by collagen. Disopyramide similarly inhibited the second phase of platelet aggregation caused by ADP and aggregation induced by collagen. Either drug in synergism with propranolol inhibited ADP or collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Disopyramide at high concentrations inhibited arachidonic add whereas verapamil was without effect. Verapamil, but not disopyramide, inhibited aggregation induced by the ionophore A23187.

Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation by Human Placenta

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Dembélé-Duchesne ◽  
A Laghchim Lahlou ◽  
H Thaler-Dao ◽  
A Crastes de Paulet
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor ◽  
Synthetase Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibition Of Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Thromboxane Synthetase ◽  
Rabbit Platelets ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryHuman placental cytosol inhibits platelet aggregation induced by high doses of collagen. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this anti-aggregating activity was caused only by the presence of various activities already described in the placenta (an ADP-consuming enzyme, a fatty acid cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor) or whether another factor was present.Heating the cytosol at 50° C for 6 min destroyed the inhibitor of collagen-induced aggregation. ADPase and the AA pathway inhibitors were not modified by this treatment. We therefore show the presence of an additional anti-aggregating factor: it is destroyed by heating at 50° C.We also tested for the presence of an inhibitor of AA release in the placental cytosol using three different methods (rabbit platelets in PRP, washed rabbit platelets, and NRK fibroblasts) but no inhibition could be evidenced.We conclude that this new anti-aggregating factor, which is probably a protein, acts neither through AA release inhibition nor AA cascade inhibition.

The improvement of the type Karatomar of Black-and-White cattle breed under the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
L. Ovchinnikova ◽  
E. Babich
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
White Breed ◽  
White Cattle

In the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past decade positive changes have been observed in increasing the number of farm animals, increasing their productivity, and increasing the gross production of milk, meat and other products. At the same time the development of dairy cattle breeding is mainly due to the breeding of Black-and-White, Red Steppe, Simmental breeds and their intra-breed types as well as imported from abroad Holstein breed. The purpose of the research was to analyze ways to improve the intra-breed type Karatomar of Black-and-White breed in Northern Kazakhstan. Research work has been carried out on breeding animals such as Karatomar type cattle of Black-and-White breed in LLP “Experimental farm Zarechnoe” in the Kostanay district in the Kostanay region. The dynamics of growth and development indicators, reproductive traits of heifers of a new intra-breed type Karatomar of Black-and-White cattle have been studied. A comprehensive assessment of their economically useful traits in the first lactation, determined by the resistance of animals to climatic and forage conditions, the efficiency of breeding of animals of different genotypes has been conducted. It has been found that the replacement heifers – daughters of American breeding sires inherited precocity and showed higher growth energy after 6 months of age and continued to grow rapidly until 18 months. The advantage in metabolism was in the daughters of Holstein sires of the American selection Orbit 4078, and the increased immune status of the organism in the daughters of the sire of the domestic selection Yamal 975 as the most adapted to the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The best ability to increasing the milk yield, stable lactation activity, high milk productivity, gross content of dry matter and nonfat milk solids have been characterized by the daughters of sires of the American selection Orbit 4078 and Lowrider 4129. Analysis of economic indicators of milk production has been shown that from cows – daughters of sires Orbit 4078 and Lowrider 4129 for 305 days of lactation received 15,8 and 15,2 % more milk of base fat, the expenditures of EFU per 1 kg of production was lower by 10,2 and 5,9 %. A higher level of profitability has been observed in the group of daughters of the sires Orbit 4078 – 35,5 % and Lowrider 4129 – 33,1 %, which was 8,5 and 10,8 % higher than in the group of daughters of the sire Yamal 975.

The influence of probiotic drug Biolax-U on morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
A. Farkhutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed

The expediency of using the probiotic drug Biolax-U in the rations of lactating and dry cows of Black-and-White breed has been studied and scientifically proved. The influence of this drug on the morphological and biochemical parameters of animal blood has been determined. The composition of the probiotic drug Biolax-U consists of eight strains of a balanced complex of living lactic acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes, as well as biologically active substances. For experimental studies conducted on 2 groups of cows have been selected by the method of pairs-analogs, the influence of feeding of feed have been prepared with the use of the microbiological drug with probiotic action Biolax-U on feed consumption, morphological and biochemical changes in blood has been studied. Analysis of the rations of cows indicates that the content of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur and trace elements such as manganese, copper, zinc and cobalt in the feed has been reduced. It has been found by studies that the use of probiotic drug Biolax-U had the positive influence on the feed intake, digestibility and better assimilation of feed nutrients and contributed to the improvement of blood morphological and biochemical parameters. For example, in animals of the experimental group hemoglobin has increased by 3,6 % (Р < 0,05), red blood cells by 10,1 (P ≤ 0,05), the content of leukocytes by 4,43, carotene by 9,6, glucose by 3,4; reserve alkalinity by 15,6, calcium by 19,4 (P ≤ 0,01), and phosphorus by 18,4 % compared with the control group of animals. During the lactation significantly improved hematological parameters including alkalinity reserve by 5,11 %, calcium level by 11,1, phosphorus by 8,6, hemoglobin by 14,2 %, the content of erythrocytes by 12,3, leukocyte by 3,86, and carotene 11,1 % against the parameters of animals of control group. The improvement of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood of cows indicates about stimulating effect on hematopoiesis and the general clinical condition of animals that contributes to the improvement of metabolic processes when using feed prepared with the use of microbiological drug with probiotic action Biolax-U.

Extruded lupine as a part of energy-protein concentrate in the ration of lactating cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Z. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Experimental Group

In order to fi ll the existing protein defi ciency in the rations of farm animals in particular dairy cows it is necessary to input feed lupins as widely as possible in crop rotations. Lupin is a very versatile forage crop it can be used in feed as herbage, in the form of haylage, silage, in compound feed as a protein additive, as well as a green manure crop to increase soil fertility. Questions of protein nutrition should be to be quickly resolved, both in the production of protein and in its standardized rational use. Unbalanced protein rations increase feed consumption per unit of production, thereby increasing its prime cost. In the world soya is generally recognized as a protein feed, but in the Kaliningrad region as in most of regions in our country, it does not maturate being a heat-loving crop. Under these environments the inclusion of extruded lupine grain in the composition of energy-protein concentrates for the production of compound feed has become an alternative to replacing expensive soya. The researches have been carried out it the cattle farm of LLC “Temp” in the Guryevsky area in the Kaliningrad region (March-May 2019) on feeding lactating cows energy-protein concentrate from extruded grain of narrow-leaved lupine, fl ax, triticale, subjected to heat treatment on a press extruder. For this purpose two groups of lactating cows of Black-and-White breed (control and experimental) have been formed using the method of pairs of analogs per 11 heads in each. Cows of the control group have received the main ration of the farm, and cows of the experimental group in addition to the main ration have received compound feed with extruded energy-protein concentrate based on lupine. As a result of research, the positive infl uence of energy-protein concentrate based on lupine in compound feed on the dairy productivity of cows has been established. Recipes of concentrate and compound feed with concentrate for lactating cows, the volume of inclusion of components in the concentrate and in the compound feed have been calculated. During the experiment, the milk yield in the experimental group of cows has increased by 62,4 kg or 8,0 %, than in the control group. From the cows of the experimental group the conditional profi t has been received in the amount of 1684,8 rubles per head.

Induction And Potentiation Of Platelet Aggregation By Clonidine And 7ρ-Aminoclonidine, Partial Agonists Of The α2-Receptor Which Regulates Platelet Adenylate Cyclase

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C Stump ◽  
Donald E Macfarlane
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Adrenergic Agents ◽  
Cyclic Amp Accumulation ◽  
Induced Aggregation

Epinephrine induces platelet aggregation, potentiates aggregation by other agents, and blocks the stimulation of the adenylate cyclase by prostaglandins. Synthetic α-adrenergic agents have not been shown to induce aggregation. The effects of clonidine, an α2-agonist, and ρ-aminoclonidine on platelets were examined. Clonidine potentiated aggregation induced by 0.5μM ADP by 1.4-fold (1/2 max 0.5μM). It did not induce significant aggregation itself, and it inhibited aggregation induced by 5μM epinephrine (1/2 max lμM). It inhibited cyclic AMP accumulation induced by PGE1 by a maximum of 25% (1/2 max O.lμM) and it blocked inhibition by epinephrine. No significant specific binding of [3H] clonidine was observed to intact platelets. ρ-Aminoclonidine induced aggregation with delayed second phase (1/2 max 0.2μM), and potentiated ADP aggregation by 2-fold (1/2 max 0.2μM). Aggregation induced by epinephrine was more rapid, and was partially inhibited by ρ-aminoclonidine. It inhibited cyclic AMP accumulation by 50% max (1/2 max O.lμM) and attenuated epinephrine’s effect to the same level. The direct effects of ρ-aminoclonidine were blocked by lμM yohimbine, a selective α2-antagonist. Both clonidine and ρ—aminoclonidine blocked the specific binding of [3H]yohimbine (1/2 max 0.5μM). These results suggest that the platelet bears an α2-receptor with affinity for epinephrine, ρ-aminoclonidine and clonidine as agonists but that these agents display differing intrinsic activity and/or receptor reserve.

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