scholarly journals The State Council and Ministers in The Second Half of the 19th Century: Their Collaboration And Confrontation

2020 ◽  
pp. 267-285
Author(s):  
N.V. Chernikova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
State Council ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Council Of State ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The legislative process in the Russian Empire fell into two main phases: the law was first developed in the ministries and then discussed by the highest lawmaking institutions, primarily the State Council. Thus, the cooperation of all participants in the lawmaking process was a prerequisite, but it was not always possible to achieve it. Ministries tried to preserve the integrity of their projects, while the Council of State often made significant changes to ministerial submissions in an effort to save them from shortcomings and weaknesses. Throughout the second half of the XIX century confrontation between the heads of departments and the legislative institution was formed in different ways. The analysis showed that during the reign of Alexander II the violation of the legislative process was more frequent and the emperor repeatedly approved bills that were not discussed in the State Council. However, this path did not guarantee the successful implementation of the new law. On the contrary, the changes made to the projects of the State Council were aimed primarily at the workability of government measures. And this justified them in the eyes of ministers and the monarch himself (especially in the reign of Alexander III), ensured their agreement with the Council’s opinion.

scholarly journals Sources for Studying Administration Policy of the Russian Empire in the Kazakh Steppe in the 18th Century and in the First Half of the 19th Century from the Archives of Russia and Kazakhstan

2018 ◽  
pp. 892-901
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Vasilyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Central State ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article reviews major groups of sources on the administration policy of the Russian Empire in the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century and in the first half of the 19th century. Acts of law and legislative drafts make up the first group. Materials of the Asian and the Siberian Committees, supreme bodies directly involved in imperial policy-making in the Kazakh steppe, form the second group. Official correspondence (dispatches, official reports, statements, official notes, directions, and letters) of the major regional and central authorities that concern the carrying out the state policy in the southeast periphery are included in the third group. Studying laws, bills, and supporting materials allows not just to highlight changes in governmental views over time, but also to understand basic principles underlying state policies. Legislation concerning the Kazakh steppe was deposited in the archives of the State Council, the Governing Senate, the Committee of Ministers, the Asian Committee, the Siberian Committee, the Asian Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Some pertinent materials can be found in papers of the Siberian Prikaz and, in some measure, of the Ambassadorial Prikaz: they contain documents on the establishment of diplomatic and trade relations with the Kazakhs. Fonds of the governing bodies of the Russian Empire store unpublished legislation and documents on the legislative process (drafts, materials for their discussion, etc.), correspondence of high-ranking officials with regional administration and traditional Kazakh elite. Some legal documents of imperial lawmaking are deposited in archival fonds of central governing bodies – the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the Ministry of War. A sizeable portion of materials on discussions of legislative drafts is stored in regional archives, in fonds of local (regional) administrative agencies (boards, offices of military governors and governor generals) and in the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals The regional policy of the Russian Empire in the first half of the 19th century: The Kingdom of Poland (1815–1830)

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-105
Author(s):  
Boris V. Nosov ◽  
Lyudmila P. Marney
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the problems of the regional policy of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 19th century discussed in the latest Russian historiography, to the peculiarities of the state-legal status and administrative practice of the Kingdom of Poland. It was the time when basic principles and a special structure of management at the outlying regions of the empire were developed, and when special (historical, national, and cultural) regions were formed on the periphery of the Empire. The policy of the Russian government in relation to the Kingdom of Poland depended both on the fundamental trends in the international relations in Central and Eastern Europe (as reflected in international treaties), as well as on the internal political development of the empire, and the peculiarities of political, legal, social, economic, cultural processes in the Kingdom and on Polish lands in Austria and Prussia. All these aspects have an impact on the debate that historians and legal experts are conducting on the state and legal status of parts of the lands of the former Principality of Warsaw that were included in the Russian Empire in 1815 by the decision of the Congress of Vienna. The fundamental political principles of the Russian Empire in the Kingdom of Poland in the first half of the 19th century were a combination of autocracy (with individual elements of enlightened absolutism), based on centralized bureaucratic control, and relatively decentralized political, administrative and estate structures, which assumed the presence of local self-government.

scholarly journals The influence of the Italian vocal school on the professional formation of Ukrainian singers (the end of the XVIII – the beginning of the XIX century)

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Maryna Rossikhina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
New Era ◽  
Italian Opera ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Opera Singers ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The purpose of the article is to study the influences of the Italian vocal school, the traditions of Italian opera performance on the professional development of Ukrainian singers in this period. Methodology. Analysis was carried out on the basis of such methods as historical and chronological to study trends and patterns of Ukrainian music at the end of the 17th – the beginning of the 19th century, analytical – for a comprehensive consideration of the influence of Italian culture on the emergence of opera in East Slavic areas, source – for elaboration and analysis of sources, bio-bibliographic – for studying creative biographies of artists, the method of systematization – for the reduction of all found facts to a logical unity. Scientific novelty. By studying the creative biographies of prominent Ukrainian musicians (M.Berezovsky, D.Bortnyansky, M.Ivanov, S.Gulak-Artemovsky) for the first time the Italian pages of their creative biography were systematized, new facts were introduced into scientific circulation, which allow to clarify the contribution of Italian vocal culture in the development of the Ukrainian opera school at the initial stage of its formation. Conclusions. The interest of the Russian Empire in Western European, especially Italian, opera led to the rapid development of a new era in the history of musical theater in the East Slavic territories. Internships of Ukrainian musicians in Italy, invitations of Italian artists, composers, vocal teachers to the Russian Empire, joint performances on stage with foreign singers give grounds to assert the influence of the Italian vocal school on the skills of Ukrainian opera singers of the end of the 18th – the beginning of the 19th century and laying of the fundamental foundations for the development of the Ukrainian vocal school.

scholarly journals KYIV HISTORY IN EGO-DOCUMENTS: HRYHORII GALAGAN’S LETTER TO OLEKSANDR KOCHUBEY, 1857

2017 ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Maryna Budzar
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Significant Source ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
State Council ◽  
Family Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The use of the epistolary heritage is one of the main requirements of the researchers who study Ukrainian cities. An important task is to reconstruct the history of Kyiv through the impressions of its inhabitants. Such a task is realized in the article, which is the publication of one of the letters of Hryhorii Pavlovych Galagan, the great landlord, influential public and cultural figure of the middle and second half of the 19th century, to his wife’s uncle, Oleksandr Vasyliovych Kochubey, the representative of the higher echelons of the imperial elite, a member of the State Council of Russian Empire. The document is a significant source. Apart the main theme of the letter — the visit of Emperor Alexander II to Kyiv in autumn of 1857, here is highlighted a number of socio-political and private-family issues. The publication of the document is important for the study of the Ukrainian elite of the 19th century in multidimensional manifestations of social and everyday life.

Rada Państwa (1810–1917). Od subsydiarnego organu władzy rosyjskich imperatorów do izby wyższej parlamentu

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-117
Author(s):  
Dariusz Szpoper
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
State Council ◽  
State Authority ◽  
History Of ◽  
Staff Composition ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Council Of State

The article is devoted to the Council of State (Gosudarstvenny soviet) of the Russian Empire. The author presents an evolution of the state authority. Over the years of its operation it played the role of institution that advised the emperor on the legislative matters. A very important moment in the history of this institution was 1906, when the authority became the upper house of the Russian parliament. In this article the author presents the structure of the State Council and its staff composition, including participation of Poles and Lithuanians in its work.

tate Charters of 19th Century in the Collections of the Russian State Library

2009 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Pavel G. Petin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
State Library ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article contains information on the State deeds of the Russian Empire of the 19th century stored at the Russian State Library and considers peculiarities of that unique historic source.

Trends in standardization of toponyms ending with -ova/-ovo, -eva/-evo, -ina/-ino

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 686-698
Author(s):  
Igor A. Dambuev
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

We investigate the features of variable names standardization of villages ending with -ova/-ovo, -eva/-evo, -ina/-ino. The relevance of the study is to improve the standardization of geographical names in order to ensure their unified and consistent use. The novelty of the study consists in the use of quantitative research methods towards the toponymy of different time sam-ples covering the last century and a half. As a source of variable and standardized names of villages, the State catalog of geographical names, normative legal acts, reference books of administrative divisions, lists of localities of the Russian Empire, and topographic maps are used. The toponymy of the territories of the modern Moscow, Bryansk, Vologda, Kaluga, Kurgan and Sverdlovsk regions is subjected to quantitative analysis. We establish that in the second half of the 19th century the names of villages ending with -ova, -eva, -ina prevailed in a quantitative sense over the names of villages ending with -ovo, -evo, -ino. Over the next century and a half, the proportion of names ending with -ova, -eva, -ina in all the analyzed regions consistently decreased, while the proportion of names with -ovo, -evo, -ino grew. If currently in some regions the names of villages with -ova, -eva, -ina are practically absent, in others they may still prevail over names with -ovo, -evo, -ino. This fact should be considered when standardizing variable toponyms.

scholarly journals General-criminal prisons of the Russian Empire in the XIX century (on the example of the Orenburg province)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Yulia Vladimirovna Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The paper attempts to provide, on the basis of archival and published materials, a brief description of the state of general prisons in the Russian Empire in the 19th century on the example of the Orenburg province. In the first half of the XIX century, many prison buildings were in a dilapidated state, most of them were wooden. The prisoners suffered from overcrowding, they were not separated by sex and age, the sick were kept together with the healthy ones, they were hungry, they lived in begging. Very often the premises for prisons were private rental houses. There were no medical personnel in prisons, there were epidemics that led to a huge increase in mortality. As for the work, in the first half of the XIX century in prison locks and guards it was introduced in the rarest cases, since there were no special rooms for this. In the post-reform period, many prison premises were repaired, premises began to be rented for hospitals, the prisoners diet improved in the 1980s. The payment for arrest labor was introduced, the educational activity in prisons improved. Despite the measures taken by the government, the state of ordinary prisons in the southern Urals throughout the XIX century was still deplorable due to the fact that there was not enough money, or the local administration was not interested in improving the situation of the prisoners and the state of the prisons themselves.

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