scholarly journals Synthesis of novel heterocyclic Quinolone compound for anti -tubercular activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Rahul K. Godge ◽  
Rahul Kunkulol
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Secondary Amines ◽  
Organic Reaction ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37rv ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
H37rv Strain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Quinolone Derivatives ◽  
Made In

In last few decades, though significant progress has been made in the treatment and control strategies of tubercular infections by introducing new diagnostic and monitoring tools and combination therapy, it still continues to be severe problem. The need of study was only because of there are many drugs in market to treat infection but most of the drugs are showing resistance because of the same it is difficult to treat the infection. In this study we chosen quinolone nucleus for study and over it.  Thus with the aim of developing novel molecule with improved potency for treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain infections and with decreased probability of developing drug resistance. Methodology: The synthesis of Quinolone derivatives, starting from substituted aniline and ethyl acetoacetate, by conventional organic reaction and results of investigations of their anti-mycobacterial activity. Results: MICs of the synthesized compounds are compared with existing drugs Cytotoxicity. The substituted quinolones are synthesized by taking mixture of 7-substituted-2-(3-chloro-2-oxopropyl) quinolin-4(1H)-one and different secondary amines.  Many compounds have shown promising activity while some were inactive. Conclusion: It was found that Compound A1, A3, B1, B3, have shown promising anti tubercular activity whereas compound A2, A4,B2,B4 were showing moderate anti tubercular activity  against std. Streptomycin. 

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF COUMARIN HETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVES WITH IN-VITRO ANTITUBERCULER ACTIVITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Rahul Godge ◽  
Rahul Kunkulol
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Antitubercular Activity ◽  
Coumarin Derivative ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37rv ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Heterocyclic Derivatives ◽  
And Control

In last few decades, though significant progress has been made in the treatment and control strategies of tubercular infections by introducing new diagnostic and monitoring tools and combination therapy, it still continues to be severe problem. The need of study was only because of there are many drugs in market to treat infection but most of the drugs are showing resistance because of the same it is difficult to treat the infection. In this study we chosen coumarin nucleus for study. Thus with the aim of developing novel molecule with improved potency for treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain infections and with decreased probability of developing drug resistance. The synthesis of coumarin derivatives, starting from salicyaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate, by conventional organic reaction and results of investigations of their anti-mycobacterial activity. MICs of the synthesized compounds are compared with existing drugs Cytotoxicity. Many compounds have shown promising activity while some were inactive. It was found that Compound A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2 have shown promising antitubercular activity against std. Streptomycin  Keywords: Coumarin derivative, well diffusion method, antitubercular activity.

scholarly journals Historical Perspective on the Discovery of the Quasispecies Concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
Esteban Domingo ◽  
Carlos García-Crespo ◽  
Celia Perales
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Viral Population ◽  
Viral Quasispecies ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
And Control ◽  
Made In

Viral quasispecies are dynamic distributions of nonidentical but closely related mutant and recombinant viral genomes subjected to a continuous process of genetic variation, competition, and selection that may act as a unit of selection. The quasispecies concept owes its theoretical origins to a model for the origin of life as a collection of mutant RNA replicators. Independently, experimental evidence for the quasispecies concept was obtained from sampling of bacteriophage clones, which revealed that the viral populations consisted of many mutant genomes whose frequency varied with time of replication. Similar findings were made in animal and plant RNA viruses. Quasispecies became a theoretical framework to understand viral population dynamics and adaptability. The evidence came at a time when mutations were considered rare events in genetics, a perception that was to change dramatically in subsequent decades. Indeed, viral quasispecies was the conceptual forefront of a remarkable degree of biological diversity, now evident for cell populations and organisms, not only for viruses. Quasispecies dynamics unveiled complexities in the behavior of viral populations,with consequences for disease mechanisms and control strategies. This review addresses the origin of the quasispecies concept, its major implications on both viral evolution and antiviral strategies, and current and future prospects.

Full scale parallel operation of a biological aerated filter (BAF) and activated sludge (AS) for nitrogen removal

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Thøgersen ◽  
R. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Biological Aerated Filter ◽  
Parallel Operation ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Aerated Filter ◽  
And Control ◽  
Made In

In connection with the reconstruction and capacity extension of the Frederikshavn Central Wastewater Treatment Plant in the period between 1989 and 1995 the existing activated sludge plant (AS) was supplemented with a biological aerated filter (BAF). The parallel operation with two wastewater flows has made a comparison of the two plants possible in relation to operating data, operating costs and experience. For the purpose of optimizing the operation, tests were conducted to increase the hydraulic capacity of the plant during rain and control strategies for the plants were considered for dry weather as well as wet weather situations. This paper discusses the experience gained from the plant operation as well as the considerations made in relation to future control strategies and possibilities of increasing the total hydraulic capacity during rain.

An Efficient Approach for Modeling and Control of a Quadrotor

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Khusheef
Keyword(s):  
Pid Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Loop Control System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Close Loop Control ◽  
Close Loop Control System ◽  
Made In

 A quadrotor is a four-rotor aircraft capable of vertical take-off and landing, hovering, forward flight, and having great maneuverability. Its platform can be made in a small size make it convenient for indoor applications as well as for outdoor uses. In model there are four input forces that are essentially the thrust provided by each propeller attached to each motor with a fixed angle. The quadrotor is basically considered an unstable system because of the aerodynamic effects; consequently, a close-loop control system is required to achieve stability and autonomy. Such system must enable the quadrotor to reach the desired attitude as fast as possible without any steady state error. In this paper, an optimal controller is designed based on a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control method to obtain stability in flying the quadrotor. The dynamic model of this vehicle will be also explained by using Euler-Newton method. The mechanical design was performed along with the design of the controlling algorithm. Matlab Simulink was used to test and analyze the performance of the proposed control strategy. The experimental results on the quadrotor demonstrated the effectiveness of the methodology used.

Effective infection prevention and control strategies in a large accredited psychiatric facility in Singapore

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Poremski ◽  
Sandra Henrietta Subner ◽  
Grace Lam Fong Kin ◽  
Raveen Dev Ram Dev ◽  
Mok Yee Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
And Control

The Institute of Mental Health in Singapore continues to attempt to prevent the introduction of COVID-19, despite community transmission. Essential services are maintained and quarantine measures are currently unnecessary. To help similar organizations, strategies are listed along three themes: sustaining essential services, preventing infection, and managing human and consumable resources.

Optimization and Control Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment Systems — Status, Trends and Needs

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-477
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Nutt
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Optimization And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Abstract Based on discussions in workshop sessions, several recurring themes became evident with respect to the optimization and control of petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems to achieve effective removal of toxic contaminants. It was apparent that statistical process control (SPC) techniques are finding more widespread use and have been found to be effective. However, the implementation of real-time process control strategies in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems is in its infancy. Considerable effort will need to be expended to demonstrate the practicality of on-line sensors, and the utility of automated process control in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems. This paper provides a summary of the discussions held at the workshop.

Learning and control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Herreros
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Animal Learning ◽  
Feed Forward Control ◽  
Machine Learning Applications ◽  
And Control

This chapter discusses basic concepts from control theory and machine learning to facilitate a formal understanding of animal learning and motor control. It first distinguishes between feedback and feed-forward control strategies, and later introduces the classification of machine learning applications into supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning problems. Next, it links these concepts with their counterparts in the domain of the psychology of animal learning, highlighting the analogies between supervised learning and classical conditioning, reinforcement learning and operant conditioning, and between unsupervised and perceptual learning. Additionally, it interprets innate and acquired actions from the standpoint of feedback vs anticipatory and adaptive control. Finally, it argues how this framework of translating knowledge between formal and biological disciplines can serve us to not only structure and advance our understanding of brain function but also enrich engineering solutions at the level of robot learning and control with insights coming from biology.

Current status, problems and control strategies of water resources pollution in China

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wu ◽  
Tong Qi ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Huijuan Yang ◽  
Guoqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Major River ◽  
And Control ◽  
Research And Policy

The surface water of 10 major river systems across China has been under intermediate pollution with striking eutrophication problems in major lakes (reservoirs). More data from the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China showed that underground water in 57% of monitoring sites across Chinese cities was polluted or extremely polluted. Rural water pollution, the rising number of incidents of industrial pollution, outdated sewerage systems, and the overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers also endanger the health of rural inhabitants in China. Nearly 0.2 billion rural residents could not use drinking water in accordance with the national standard, and there were reports of ‘cancer villages' and food-borne diseases (cancer village refers to a village where a certain proportion of its inhabitants suffer from the same kind of cancer or where there is a hike in cancer incidence in that area). This study aims to raise awareness of the prevention and control of water pollution and to propose a set of national research and policy initiatives for the future safety of the water environment in China.

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