Diagnostic value of "cuticular index" measuring in dogs with liver and kidney pathology

Сondition of hair reflects changes in metabolism in animals and humans in relatively long period of time. Thus, the study of hair of domestic dogs with different variants of pathology, in particular nephropathy and polyorgan pathology of liver and kidney is relevant and appropriate in terms of differential diagnosis and establishment of little-known links in the pathogenesis of diseases of these organs. The aim of this study was to establish the diagnostic meaning of «cuticular index» of sick dogs. The object of the study was 60 dogs with confirmed diagnoses. The animals were examined by general clinical methods (temperature, pulse, and respiratory rate were determined) and blood was taken from the jugular vein for biochemical research. Hair samples were obtained and the «cuticular index» was determined. Examination of the cuticle was performed using prints on a colorless varnish, which was applied to a glass slide, pressing the hair to the varnish layer. Then, when the varnish hardened, the hair was removed by the edge from the peripheral end. The impression was studied under a microscope (in. x 400) and set the value of «cuticular index» in the root zone, in the thickest part of the hair shaft, expressed in μm2. Based on the results obtained during clinical and laboratory studies, we have formed groups of sick dogs, which became the basis for studying the dynamics of the «cuticular index» (CI). It was found that in different variants of nephropathy and in the development of hepatic-renal and renal-hepatic syndromes in dogs, significant structural changes occur in the liver and kidney, which correspond to violations of metabolic processes determined by the results of clinical microscopic and biochemical blood tests, as well as changes in the area of the outer surface of the cells of hair cuticle, which we have defined as the «cuticular index». The method of determining the «cuticular index» can be used in differential diagnosis of kidney and liver pathology in combination with clinical, instrumental and laboratory studies, as well as for dispensary examination of animals. The article provides examples of various variants of pathology with the definition of «cuticular index»

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Morphological characteristics of hair cuticle of clinically healthy domestic cats and dogs

VETERINARY SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND NATURE MANAGEMENT ◽

10.31890/vttp.2020.06.16 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 90-95

Author(s):

O. P. Tymoshenko ◽

◽

O. S. Snopenko ◽

G. A. Papeta ◽

G. V. Vikulina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Zone ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Paint Layer ◽

Hair Shaft ◽

Glass Slide ◽

Domestic Cats ◽

Hair Samples ◽

Animal Hair ◽

Index Value

It is known that the typical for animals of different species the nature of the serrations of the free edges of the scales of the hair cuticle, the density of their location and proximity to each other can determine the species of animal hair samples. The aim of the study was to establish the value of the cuticular index in clinically healthy domestic cats and dogs. The area of the outer surface of the scales of the hair cuticle, or cuticular index, was determined in 20 clinically healthy domestic cats and 18 dogs. Examination of the cuticle was performed using prints on a colorless lacquer, which was applied to a glass slide, pressing the hair to the paint layer. The imprint was examined under a microscope (enlargement ×400) and the cuticular index value was established in the root zone, in the thickest part of the hair shaft, expressed in μM2. It was found that in domestic cats and dogs without clinical signs of any pathology, the values of the cuticular index are in the range of 80-170 and 100-210 μM2accordingly. The value of the cuticular index in domestic cats 60-70 μM2 and in dogs 60-90 μM2in 100 % accidents does not meet in healthy animals. The obtained results can be used as a control during diagnostic activities for numerous variants of internal pathology of domestic cats and dogs, as additional diagnostic tests.

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NEUROIMAGING FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF DEMENTIA

Успехи геронтологии ◽

10.34922/ae.2020.33.6.009 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1088-1094

Author(s):

Л. Р. Ахмадеева ◽

Д. Э. Байков ◽

Р. Р. Валитова ◽

Е. В. Екушева ◽

В. Б. Войтенков ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Lewy Body Dementia ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Amyloid Angiopathy ◽

Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

In Vivo Diagnosis

В результате совершенствования методов лабораторной диагностики и нейровизуализации стало возможным определение ряда биомаркеров, которые позволили улучшить прижизненную диагностику наиболее распространенных вариантов деменции (болезни Альцгеймера, деменции с тельцами Леви, сосудистой деменции). Структурные изменения, которые выявляются при МРТ головного мозга, являются значимыми для прогноза изменений в когнитивной сфере. Дополнительным доступным маркером, который повышает диагностическую значимость лейкоареоза и свидетельствует в пользу гипертонической микроангиопатии или церебральной амилоидной ангиопатии, является церебральное микрокровоизлияние, особенно в случаях тяжелого когнитивного дефицита и смешанной патологии. Приводится собственное наблюдение и данные цифровой гиппокампометрии как пример эффективного использования нейровизуализационных методов в дифференциальной диагностике деменции. Development of laboratory diagnosis and neuroimaging revealed some biomarkers for in vivo diagnosis of the most common forms of dementia (Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body dementia and vascular dementia) for their differential diagnosis. Structural changes found using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are signiﬁcant for the prognosis of the cognitive decline. Cerebral microbleeds are an available adjuvant diagnostic marker, which increases the diagnostic value of leukoaraiosis that suggests the development of cerebral amyloid angiopathy or hypertensive microangiopathy, especially in cases of mixed causes of dementia and severe cognitive deﬁcits. We describe our own clinical case and the results of digital voxel hippocampometry as an example of effective usage of neuroimaging for the differential diagnosis of dementia.

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Morphological Diagnosis of Endogenous Intoxication Using Biochemical Markers

Journal of New Medical Technologies ◽

10.12737/9078 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 56-60

Author(s):

Калашникова ◽

S. Kalashnikova ◽

Барканов ◽

V. Barkanov ◽

Горячев ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Intestinal Bacteria ◽

Systemic Circulation ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Target Organ ◽

Endogenous Intoxication ◽

Target Organs ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Morphological Diagnosis ◽

Diagnostic Criterion

Morphological diagnosis of endogenous intoxication in target organs - lung, liver and kidney, is unreliable due to lack of specific structural changes. To reliable diagnose of intoxication, the definition used in the tissue of the target organ indole, phenol and skatole, which are products of the activity of intestinal bacteria and penetrating into the systemic circulation together with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, can be used. The diagnostic accuracy can be estimated by reducing the brightness of the color micrographs of the investigated histological preparations in the system brightness RGB in the analysis of the micrographs in the program "Adobe Photoshop".Endogenous intoxication causes a statistically significant increase in the number indianola products, verified by the reaction of diazotization on histological sections in the cytoplasm of cells of the lungs, liver and kidneys. It can serve as a reliable diagnostic criterion for post-mortem morphological diagnosis of endogenous intoxication. The accumulation of indole, phenol and skatole in millionary partitions is detected at the endogenous intoxication in the lungs. In the liver, the toxic products found throughout the liver lobules. In the kidneys, indianola products accumulate in remoteley proximal tubules. Diagnostic value of research to target organs within the definition disapoiting substrate decreases in the series: liver>kidneys>lungs.

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Human-hair analysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100124835 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 886-887

Author(s):

Brenda E. Lambert ◽

Ernest C. Hammond

Keyword(s):

Human Hair ◽

Hair Analysis ◽

Hair Shaft ◽

White Female ◽

Chemical Processing ◽

X Ray ◽

Hair Samples ◽

Wave Technique ◽

Permanent Wave ◽

Scanning Electron

The purpose of this study was to examine the external structure of four human hair shaft samples with the scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and to obtain information regarding the chemical composition of hair by using the attached x ray microanalysis unit.The hair samples were obtained from two female subjects. Sample A was taken from a black female and had not undergone any type of chemical processing. Sample B, C, D were taken from a white female, and were natural, processed, and unpigmented, i.e. “gray”, respectively. Sample C had been bleached, tinted, and chemically altered using a permanent wave technique.

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Diagnostic Value of 123-I-MIBG Cardiac Scintigraphy for the Prediction of Conversion from Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder to Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and the Differential Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Alzheimers Disease & Dementia ◽

10.36959/734/373 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Seto Makiko ◽

Nakata Ruka ◽

Yuasa Takayuki ◽

Nakao Yoko ◽

Ichinose Katsuhiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Rem Sleep ◽

Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽

Lewy Bodies ◽

Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder ◽

Behavior Disorder ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Sleep Behavior

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The Differential Diagnosis of Sterile Pyuria in Pediatric Patients: A Review

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x21993712 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2333794X2199371

Author(s):

Donald W. Bendig

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Common Finding ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Persistent Symptoms ◽

Sterile Pyuria ◽

Extensive Literature Search ◽

Definition Of

Sterile pyuria is a common finding in pediatric patients. Literature describing the diagnoses as well as clinical characteristics of children with sterile pyuria is lacking. This review was performed to establish an evidence-based approach to the differential diagnosis by way of an extensive literature search. The definition of pyuria is inconsistent. The various causes of pediatric sterile pyuria identified were classified as either Infectious or Non-Infectious. Sub-categories of Infectious causes include: Viral Infection, Bacterial Infection, Other Infections (tuberculosis, fungal, parasitic), Sexually Transmitted Infections, Recent Antibiotic Therapy. Non-Infectious causes include: Systemic Disease, Renal Disease, Drug Related, Inflammation adjacent to Genitourinary Tract. Clinicians that encounter pediatric patients with sterile pyuria and persistent symptoms should consider the substantial differential diagnosis described in this study.

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The diagnostic value of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in differential diagnosis of preeclampsia: Letter to the Editor

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1016/j.ajog.2021.08.048 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Sofia CERDEIRA ◽

Tim JAMES ◽

Manu VATISH

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Letter To The Editor ◽

Antiangiogenic Factors

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The Hexagonal ↔ Orthorhombic Structural Phase Transition in Claringbullite, Cu4FCl(OH)6

The Canadian Mineralogist ◽

10.3749/canmin.2000041 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mark D. Welch ◽

Jens Najorka ◽

Michael S. Rumsey ◽

John Spratt

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Data Storage ◽

Structural Phase Transition ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Structural Phase ◽

Magnetic Behavior ◽

Orthorhombic Phase ◽

New Mineral ◽

Storage Devices ◽

Definition Of

ABSTRACT Frustrated magnetic phases have been a perennial interest to theoreticians wishing to understand the energetics and behavior of quasi-chaotic systems at the quantum level. This behavior also has potentially wide applications to developing quantum data-storage devices. Several minerals are examples of such phases. Since the definition of herbertsmithite, Cu3ZnCl2(OH)6, as a new mineral in 2004 and the rapid realization of the significance of its structure as a frustrated antiferromagnetic phase with a triangular magnetic lattice, there has been intense study of its magnetic properties and those of synthetic compositional variants. In the past five years it has been recognized that the layered copper hydroxyhalides barlowite, Cu4BrF(OH)6, and claringbullite, Cu4FCl(OH)6, are also the parent structures of a family of kagome phases, as they also have triangular magnetic lattices. This paper concerns the structural behavior of claringbullite that is a precursor to the novel frustrated antiferromagnetic states that occur below 30 K in these minerals. The reversible hexagonal (P63/mmc) ↔ orthorhombic (Pnma or Cmcm) structural phase transition in barlowite at 200−270 K has been known for several years, but the details of the structural changes that occur through the transition have been largely unexplored, with the focus instead being on quantifying the low-temperature magnetic behavior of the orthorhombic phase. This paper reports the details of the structural phase transition in natural claringbullite at 100−293 K as studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The transition temperature has been determined to lie between 270 and 293 K. The progressive disordering of Cu at the unusual trigonal prismatic Cu(OH)6 site on heating is quantified through the phase transition for the first time, and a methodology for refining this disorder is presented. Key changes in the behavior of Cu(OH)4Cl2 octahedra in claringbullite have been identified that suggest why the Pnma structure is likely stabilized over an alternative Cmcm structure. It is proposed that the presence of a non-centrosymmetric octahedron in the Pnma structure allows more effective structural relaxation during the phase transition than can be achieved by the Cmcm structure, which has only centrosymmetric octahedra.

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Redefining lumbar spinal stenosis as a developmental syndrome: an MRI-based multivariate analysis of findings in 709 patients throughout the 16- to 82-year age spectrum

Journal of Neurosurgery Spine ◽

10.3171/2018.5.spine18100 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 654-660 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sameer Kitab ◽

Bryan S. Lee ◽

Edward C. Benzel

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Spinal Stenosis ◽

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Age Cohorts ◽

Age Related ◽

Management Approaches ◽

Definition Of ◽

Lumbar Spinal ◽

Lower Lumbar

OBJECTIVEUsing an imaging-based prospective comparative study of 709 eligible patients that was designed to assess lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) in the ages between 16 and 82 years, the authors aimed to determine whether they could formulate radiological structural differences between the developmental and degenerative types of LSS.METHODSMRI structural changes were prospectively reviewed from 2 age cohorts of patients: those who presented clinically before the age of 60 years and those who presented at 60 years or older. Categorical degeneration variables at L1–S1 segments were compared. A multivariate comparative analysis of global radiographic degenerative variables and spinal dimensions was conducted in both cohorts. The age at presentation was correlated as a covariable.RESULTSA multivariate analysis demonstrated no significant between-groups differences in spinal canal dimensions and stenosis grades in any segments after age was adjusted for. There were no significant variances between the 2 cohorts in global degenerative variables, except at the L4–5 and L5–S1 segments, but with only small effect sizes. Age-related degeneration was found in the upper lumbar segments (L1–4) more than the lower lumbar segments (L4–S1). These findings challenge the notion that stenosis at L4–5 and L5–S1 is mainly associated with degenerative LSS.CONCLUSIONSIntegration of all the morphometric and qualitative characteristics of the 2 LSS cohorts provides evidence for a developmental background for LSS. Based on these findings the authors propose the concept of LSS as a developmental syndrome with superimposed degenerative changes. Further studies can be conducted to clarify the clinical definition of LSS and appropriate management approaches.

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