scholarly journals Perturbative Potential Evaluation of the Electric Current

2021 ◽  
Vol 13(62) (2) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
G. Paraschiv ◽  
C. Ursachi ◽  
L.E. ACIU
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Signal Integrity ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Inductive Coupling ◽  
Electrical Circuits ◽  
Current Variation ◽  
Potential Evaluation ◽  
Special Case

The paper presents the research on the disruptive influences of electrical current variation - it has been analytically determined how measurement resistances can influence these variations. The variance relationships of the current ratios were determined on the basis of the theory of variable electrical circuits for the special case of an inductive coupling. It was studied also the effect of measuring resistors as a function of frequency on the signal integrity.

Research on the delamination wear properties of the pure carbon strip at the high-sliding speed with electric current

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjuan Yang ◽  
Lin Fu ◽  
Yanhua Liu ◽  
Weiji Qian ◽  
Bo Hu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Delamination Wear ◽  
High Speed Data

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the delamination wear properties of a carbon strip in a carbon strip rubbing against a copper wire at the high-sliding speed (380 km/h) with or without electrical current. Design/methodology/approach The friction and wear properties of a carbon strip in a carbon strip rubbing against a copper wire are tested on the high-speed wear tester whose speed can reach up to 400 km/h. The test data have been collected by the high-speed data collector. The worn surfaces of the carbon strip are observed by the scanning electron microscope. Findings It was found that there was a significant increase of the delamination wear with the decrease of the normal load when the electric current is applied. The size of the flake-like peeling also increases with the decrease of normal load. The delamination wear extends gradually from the edge of the erosion pits to the surrounding area with the decrease of the normal load. However, the delamination wear never appears in the absence of electric current. It is proposed that the decreased normal load and the big electrical current are the major causes of the delamination wear of the carbon strip. Originality value The experimental test at high-sliding speed of 380 km/h was performed for the first time, and the major cause of the delamination was discovered in this paper.

Empirical Modeling of Direct Electric Current Effect on Machining Cutting Force

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Jones ◽  
Joshua J. Jones ◽  
Laine Mears
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Shear Plane ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Empirical Modeling ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Electroplastic Effect ◽  
Direct Electric Current ◽  
Orthogonal Machining ◽  
Machining Force ◽  
Force Reduction

Metallic materials can be made more ductile and be formed at lower forces through the application of electrical current during deformation, termed Electrically-Assisted Forming (EAF). The current provides a degree of resistive heating, but also facilitates deformation by direct electrical mechanisms (termed the electroplastic effect). It is envisioned that this approach, currently applied to bulk/sheet deformation, could also be used to reduce the flow stress in the deformation zone of the machining shear plane. The objective of this work is to study and model the effect of electric current on forces in machining in order to relate the force reduction to the current level and machining process parameters. To perform this, skiving tests and orthogonal machining tests are performed with varying electrical conditions. It is shown that application of electric current does reduce machining force by up to 60% under certain conditions.

Buckling and Postbuckling of Electroconducting Elastic Plates in a Magnetic Field

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davresh Hasanyan ◽  
Liviu Librescu ◽  
Damodar R. Ambur
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Ferromagnetic Material ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Elastic Plates ◽  
Postbuckling Behavior ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Flat Plates ◽  
Theory Of Plates ◽  
Basic Equations

The basic equations of a fully nonlinear theory of electromagnetically conducting flat plates carrying an electric current and exposed to a magnetic field of arbitrary orientation are summarized. The relevant equations have been obtained by considering that both the elastic and electromagnetic media are homogeneous and isotropic. The geometrical nonlinearities are considered in the von-Ka´rma´n sense, and the soft ferromagnetic material of the plate is assumed to feature negligible hysteretic losses. Based on the electromagnetic and elastokinetic field equations, by using the standard averaging methods, the 3-D coupled problem is reduced to an equivalent 2-D one, appropriate to the theory of plates. Having in view that the elastic structures carrying an electric current are prone to buckling, by using the presently developed theory, the associated problems of buckling and post-buckling are investigated. In this context, the problem of the electrical current inducing the buckling instability of the plate, and its influence on the postbuckling behavior are analyzed. In the same context, the problem of the natural-frequencies electrical current interaction of flat plates, as influenced by a magnetic field is also addressed.

scholarly journals Local Magnetohydrodynamic Characteristics of the Plasma Stream generated by MPC

10.14311/1733 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana N. Cherednychenko ◽  
Igor E. Garkusha ◽  
Vladimir V. Chebotarev ◽  
Dmytro G. Solyakov ◽  
Yuriy V. Petrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Discharge Current ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Plasma Stream ◽  
Total Discharge Current ◽  
Injection Power ◽  
Wave Range ◽  
Total Discharge

This paper investigates the spatial distributions of electrical current which flows inside the plasma stream generated by a magnetoplasma compressor (MPC). Two different modes of MPC operation with different gas supply scenarios have been applied in the experiments presented here. The first is the operation mode with a pulse injection of xenon into the interelectrode space, and the second is the operation mode with residual helium in the chamber and local injection of xenon directly into the compression zone. The maximum value of the electric current observed outside the MPC channel is 15 ÷ 20% of the total discharge current. Electric current vortices were discovered in the plasma stream. The amplitude of the current in the vortices reaches 50% of the total discharge current. The maximum EUV radiation power was measured in the mode of MPC operation with local xenon injection. Power in the wave range 12.2 ÷ 15.8 nm achieves up to 16 ÷ 18 kW.

Development of Woven Fabric-based Electrical Circuits

2002 ◽  
Vol 736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj Dhawan ◽  
Tushar K. Ghosh ◽  
Abdelfattah M. Seyam ◽  
John Muth
Keyword(s):  
Signal Integrity ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Electrical Circuits ◽  
Conductive Yarns ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
Efficient Transfer

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the development of woven electrical circuits, which are formed by interlacing conducting and non-conducting threads into a woven fabric. Conductive threads in these electrical networks are arranged and woven such that they follow desired electrical circuit designs. Electronic devices can be attached to these electrical networks, which can serve as flexible circuit boards. In these woven circuits, an efficient transfer of current from one conductive yarn to an orthogonal one is achieved by the formation of an effective electrical interconnect at the point of intersection of these yarns. Formation of woven conductive networks also involves disconnect formation or cutting of conductive yarns at certain specified points. Different methods and processes were identified and applied in order to form interconnects and disconnects at specified points of these fabrics. Efficacy of these interconnects was evaluated by DC resistance and AC Signal measurements. The results of these evaluations are reported. The conductive threads woven into these fabric-based circuits were also evaluated for signal integrity issues.

scholarly journals Impressed Current Anti Fouling (ICAF) to Reduce Population of Chlorella Vulgaris Cause Bio Corrosion on AH36 Steel in Marine Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 06001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Pratikno ◽  
Harmin Sulistiyaning Titah ◽  
Handayanu ◽  
Gilang Rezha Mahardhika
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Duration Time ◽  
Impressed Current

Corrosion can cause damage to steel. One of the main causes of corrosion is biofouling. The Impressed Current Anti Fouling (ICAF) method is one way to prevent the microfouling. The purpose of the study was to calculate reduction of Chlorella Vulgaris population using a simple ICAF system. The simple ICAF reactor was operated with variation of electric current (0.3, 0.5 and 1 A) and duration time (5, 7 and 10 min). Steel of AH36 has a role as a cathode, meanwhile pure copper (Cu) was an anode. The cell number of Chlorella Vulgaris was determined using haemacytometer method. The concentration of Cu was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers (AAS). Based on the results, the simple ICAF system showed the decreasing of Chlorella Vulgaris cell number with the highest percentage of 99.98% at electrical current of 1 A, duration time of 10 min and concentration of Cu (17.9 ± 0.07 mg/L). Meanwhile, the lowest of the cell number reduction was 97.57% at electrical current of 0.3 A, duration time of 5 min and concentration of Cu (15.52 ± 0.25 mg/L). In conclusion, ion Cu that was produced during operation simple ICAF system can reduce Chlorella Vulgaris population.

Development of Electric Current Sensor for the Device Protecting Electrical Wiring against Sparks

2016 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Kovalyov ◽  
Sergei Soleniy ◽  
Oksana Solenaya
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Current Sensor ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Electric Network ◽  
Electrical Wiring

The paper is devoted to the development of electrical current sensor, comparable with one pole of protective-switching apparatus of electric network for the voltage up to 1 kV. It is defined, that variation of mass, dimensions and electrical characteristics of the sensor generates a nominal row of currents of the device, protecting from sparks.

Measurement of Void Fraction in Dispersed Bubbly Flow With Constant Electric Current Method

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ichiro Uesawa ◽  
Akiko Kaneko ◽  
Yutaka Abe
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Void Fraction ◽  
Bubbly Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Polarization Method ◽  
Void Fractions ◽  
Fraction Measurement

Void fraction is one of important physical values for gas-liquid two-phase flow in nuclear power plants, and it is an essential parameter for designs and performance evaluations of devices, including a core of BWR and so on. Therefore void fraction measurement with real time, high temporal resolution and high spatial resolution has been needed. In several void fraction measurement methods, electric measurement methods of void fraction can realize real-time measurement. In previous studies, conductance methods capacitance methods, wire mesh methods and tomography techniques have been studied. In the present study, we research on a constant electric current method. This method can measure void fraction with higher temporal resolution and simpler systems. In previous study, the constant electrical current method has been applied in annular flow mainly. However, the method cannot be applied to three dimensional dispersed bubbly flow. This is because void fraction is estimated by cross-section ratio of gas and liquid phases in this method. In the present study, Maxwell’s theory and polarization method are applied to calculation method of void fraction from voltage measured by constant electrical current method, and we try to measure void fraction in dispersed bubbly flow. Maxwell’s theory is a calculation of a mixture with two materials of different conductivity. The polarization method proposed in this study assumes bubbles to be dielectric bodies and void fraction is estimated by the polarization electric field of the bubbles. In the experimental results, the void fractions in the three dimensional dispersed bubbly flow can be estimated with Maxwell’s theory and the polarization method. The void fractions estimated with these methods are more accurately than the previous method. Furthermore, it is experimentally clarified that the present proposed method can follow highly temporal void fluctuations of bubbly and froth flows. In addition, effects of intervals between electrodes and structures of electrodes are experimentally investigated.

The Influence of the Temperature in Severe Wear of Copper Contact Wire/carbon Strip under Electric Current

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 3653-3656
Author(s):  
Tao Ding ◽  
Guang Xiong Chen ◽  
Zeng Gang Xiong ◽  
Li Xie ◽  
Chuan Xue Wu
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Severe Wear ◽  
Contact Wire ◽  
Thermal Wear ◽  
Current Passage ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Contact Couple

A series of experimental tests were carried out using copper contact wire rubbing against carbon strip under electric current on a pin-on-disc test. The aim to experiment can be understand the roles of the thermal wear in severe wear of copper/carbon strip under electrical current passage. During testing, the contact temperature and friction coefficient were recorded. The wear volumes of carbon strip specimens were measured. The results indicate that the temperature rise of contact couple with and without electric current is distinctly different. And the friction coefficient increases firstly due to the accumulation of wear debris, and then decreases with the increasing of electric current due to the accumulation of electric heat and friction heat on contact interface. It can be found that the wear volumes of carbon strip samples with electric current are larger than those without electrical current. Several thermal wear tests were conducted to study the influence of the temperature on the wear of carbon strip samples. The result indicates that thermal wear, oxidation wear and abrasive wear are a main mechanism for the severe wear of carbon strip samples.

scholarly journals CHANGES OBSERVED IN ERYTHROCYTE CELLS EXPOSED TO AN ALTERNATING CURRENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Ionut Isaia Jeican ◽  
Horea Matei ◽  
Alexandru Istrate ◽  
Eugen Mironescu ◽  
Ştefana Bâlici
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Electric Pulses

Background and aims. Appliance of electric pulses induces red blood cells (RBCs) membrane poration, membrane aminophospholipid perturbation and alteration of the normal flip-flop process, resulting in various shape changes of theRBCs. We studied morphological and water permeability changes of RBCs bombarded with electrons in an alternating current circuit.Methods. We used three venous blood samples of 100 mL and an alternating current device. The harvested blood was divided into four experimental sets to be used for various exposure times: 0 hours (control RBCs), 0.5h, 3h and 6h (electricstimulated RBCs).Following the electric current each of the four sets were further divided into three samples: one for the assessment of the echinocytes/RBCs ratio, another for the electron microscopy study of ultrastructural changes induced by the alternating electrical current and a larger third one for determining water permeability of RCBs by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and morphological measurements.Results. There is a small but statistically significant effect of the RBC exposure to alternating electric current on cell diameters. Exposure to electric current is positively and strongly correlated with the percentage of echinocytes in a duration-dependentmanner. There is a strong and statistically significant correlation between electric current exposure and permeability to water as measured by 1H-NMR spectroscopy.Conclusion. Following interactions between electric current and RBCmembrane, certain modifications were observed in the erythrocyte structure. We attribute the increased cell size to a higher permeability to water and a decreased tonicity. This leads to the transformation of the RBCs into echinocytes.

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