scholarly journals DAMPAK PROSES RESETTLEMENT AREA VILAGES TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SISTEM SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT (Studi Pada Masyarakat Kampung Tanah Merah Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni)

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-58
Author(s):  
Yotam Senis

BP LNG Tangguh adalah salah satu Multi National Corporation yang saat ini melakukan kegiatan ekplorasi gas alam cair (liquid natural gas) di Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni Provinsi Papua Barat. Kehadiran BP LNG Tangguh di Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni terhitung sejak tahun 2002 hingga saat ini. Kampung Tanah Merah adalah salah satu dari beberapa kampung di Teluk Bintuni yang terkena dampak dari kegiatan operasional BP LNG Tangguh karena areal tersebut dijadikan sebagai lokasi pembangunan kilang gas. Pembangunan kilang gas alam cair di areal Kampung Tanah Merah menjadi salah satu alasan kunci bagi BP Tangguh untuk merelokasi warga Tanah Merah dari kampung mereka ke lokasi baru yang dipilih. Pemilihan lokasi bagi masyarakat Tanah Merah dilakukan berdasarkan persetujuan dari berbagai pihak dengan menentukan lokasi seluas 200 Ha disebelah Kali Saengga yang merupakan wilayah Kampung Saengga. BP Tangguh memfasilitasi semua proses perpindahan penduduk mulai dari pembangunan pemukiman, sarana pra sarana dan memfasilitasi proses perpindahannya. Perpindahan masyarakat Tanah Merah dari kampung lama ke kampung baru tentunya menimbulkan permasalahan dimana lokasi yang dipilih tidak memiliki potensi baik lahan pertanian maupun areal melaut bagi masyarakat. Masyarakat mengalami perubahan pada kondisi sosial ekonomi karena sebelum direlokasi mereka bekerja sebagai nelayan penangkap udang dengan penghasilan yang sangat cukup bagi mereka. Setelah dipindahkan ke kampung baru mereka tidak lagi dapat menangkap udang namun mereka dipaksa bekerja sebagai petani. Kondisi tanah dan luasan lahan yang disediakan untuk lokasi pertanian tidak memadai sehingga tidak memberikan hasil pertanian yang baik bagi masyarakat. Masyarakat tidak dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan pekerjaan sebagai petani dan sebagai akibatnya mereka mengalami penurunan tingkat pendapatan.

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 175-197
Author(s):  
C. Turnell ◽  
N.W. Murray ◽  
I.D. Bennetts

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
John W. Boylston ◽  
Paul J. Riley ◽  
Gary W. Van Tassel

The Liquid natural gas (LNG) industry went from a projected boom in the 1970's to a contracted industry in the 1980's, when many ships were either permanently or temporarily laid up. In the 1990s, many laid-up LNG carriers are being reactivated after as many as 12 years in lay-up. While the capital cost of an LNG carrier should dictate maximum preservation of the asset, the LNG industry is not immune to having to make hard economic decisions during slack times. In this paper, the authors present specific alternate lay-up procedures, together with the relative costs of these alternatives. LNG carriers are steam vessels, as are many of the vessels in the Ready Reserve Fleet (RRF). However, many of the conclusions reached can also be applied to motor vessels, and as such could be of interest to operators and shipyards in all phases of the RRF program. The subjects of dehumidification, inert gas plants, ballast tank coatings and drydocking, among others, are discussed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 177-195
Author(s):  
Michał Piekarski

Security of energy supplies to Poland by sea The article describes issue of security of delivery of energy sources – Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) and oil to Poland by the maritime routes. Poland currently uses one LNG terminal and one major oil import terminal, and further developments – Baltic Pipe pipeline from North Sea and another LNG terminal are planned. Security of those routes depends on various factors from security of terminals, safe passage of tankers and required using multiple elements, including security and law enforcement services, naval forces and air defence systems to provide reliable delivery of oil and LNG in case of peace, crisis and war.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-333
Author(s):  
V. V. Rao ◽  
Zulfan Adi Putra ◽  
M. R. Bilad ◽  
M. D. H. Wirzal ◽  
N. A. H. M. Nordin ◽  
...  

Natural gas is conventionally transported in its liquid form or Liquid Natural Gas (LNG). It is then transported using cryogenic insulated LNG tankers. At receiving terminals, LNG is regasified prior to distributing it through gas distribution system. Seawater has been used as the heat source, which leads to vast amount of cold energy discarded into the water. This work presents the use of LNG cold energy around Melaka Refining Company (MRC). The cold energy is utilized in power generation, propylene refrigeration cycle, and air separation plants. These systems are designed and simulated using a commercial process simulation software. Capital cost (CAPEX) function and revenues of each system are further developed as a function of LNG flowrates. These developed correlations are then used in an optimization problem to seek for the most profitable scenario. The results show that utilizing LNG for air separation unit yields the highest profit compared to power generation and refrigeration plants.


Author(s):  
Giacomo Bisio ◽  
Alessandro Bosio ◽  
Marco Cartesegna ◽  
Giuseppe Rubatto

The fossil fuel reserves are limited. In addition, usable energy supply has a considerable impact on the environment, even if some effects, which are usually alleged, are far from being fully established. Natural gas is often found in remote locations far from developed industrial nations. Where possible, the gas is transported by pipeline to the end user. However, where oceans separate the gas source and the user, or there are other difficulties, the only viable way to transport the gas is to convert it into liquid natural gas (LNG) and to convey it using insulated LNG tankers. This paper outlines the results of an examination of a complex system, employing solar energy, for the production of electrical energy and the vaporization and superheating of LNG. It is to be remarked that, differently from the usual combined systems, both the thermal source and the thermal sink are exergy sources.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Jinghua Cao ◽  
Xianku Zhang ◽  
Xiang Zou

This paper introduces a novel control strategy into the insulation space for liquid natural gas carriers. The control strategy proposed can improve the effects of control for differential pressure and reduce the energy consumption of nitrogen. The method combines a nonlinear feedback technique with a closed-loop gain shaping algorithm (CGSA). It is designed for the pressure control system which is vital for liquid natural gas carriers (LNGCs) in marine transportation. The control error is modulated using nonlinear function. The deviation signal is replaced with a nonlinear feedback signal. Comparison experiments are conducted under different conditions to prove the effectiveness of this strategy. This paper compares three control strategies: a control strategy with nonlinear feedback based on CGSA, a control strategy without nonlinear feedback based on CGSA, and a two-degree-of-freedom (DOF) control strategy. The simulation results show that this control strategy with nonlinear feedback performs better than the other two. The average reduction of control input is about 38.8%. The effect of pressure control is satisfactory.


Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 1045-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Stanek ◽  
Tomasz Simla ◽  
Bartłomiej Rutczyk ◽  
Adam Kabaj ◽  
Zbigniew Buliński ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document