scholarly journals INFLASI DALAM PRESPEKTIF ISLAM (ANALISIS TERHADAP PEMIKIRAN AL-MAQRIZI)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Awaluddin Awaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Social Perspective ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Material Welfare

Inflation is one of the macroeconomic symptoms associated with the decline in exchange rates (money) on goods and services market. One of the leaders of Islamic economics who specializes in his discussion of macroeconomics is al-Maqrizi. The solution offered by al-Maqrizi related to the problems that occurred in Egypt is to use the natural monetary system, the dinar and dirham become the base currency, while the fulus is published in a limited and only to buy trivial goods. Al-Maqrizi set the relative price for dinar, dirham and fulus. The relative price of dinar and dirham is 1:24, while the relative price between dirham and fulus is 1: 140. In addition to providing solutions to address the above three issues, al-Maqrizi also proposed solutions in a social perspective. This gives the conclusion that the impact of the economic crisis depends on the nature of income and wealth of each group. If the income is fixed or inflated but lower than the rate of inflation, then the condition is severe. Conversely, if their income rises higher than the rate of inflation, then their material welfare increases. Likewise with wealth in the form of money, they suffered losses because their purchasing power continued to decrease and they also had to increase the cost to meet the demands of the ever-increasing need.

TRANSFER FİYATLAMA UYGULAMASININ İŞLETME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ VE VERGİSEL AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Serdar KUZU
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The size of international trade continues to extend rapidly from day to day as a result of the globalization process. This situation causes an increase in the economic activities of businesses in the trading area. One of the main objectives of the cost system applied in businesses is to be able to monitor the competitors and the changes that can be occured as a result of the developments in the sector. Thus, making cost accounting that is proper according to IAS / IFRS and tax legislation has become one of the strategic targets of the companies in most countries. In this respect, businesses should form their cost and pricing systems according to new regulations. Transfer pricing practice is usefull in setting the most proper price for goods that are subject to the transaction, in evaluating the performance of the responsibility centers of business, and in determining if the inter-departmental pricing system is consistent with targets of the business. The taxing powers of different countries and also the taxing powers of different institutions in a country did not overlap. Because of this reason, bringing new regulations to the tax system has become essential. The transfer pricing practice that has been incorporated into the Turkish Tax System is one of the these regulations. The transfer pricing practice which includes national and international transactions has been included in the Corporate Tax Law and Income Tax Law. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of goods and services transfer that will occur between departments of businesses on the responsibility center and business performance, and also the impact of transfer pricing practice on the business performance on the basis of tax-related matters. As a result of the study, it can be said that transfer pricing practice has an impact on business performance in terms of both price and tax-related matters.

scholarly journals The Distributional Consequences of Large Devaluations

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (11) ◽  
pp. 3477-3509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Cravino ◽  
Andrei A. Levchenko
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Distributional Consequences ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Income Decile

We study the impact of large exchange rate devaluations on the cost of living at different points on the income distribution. Poor households spend relatively more on tradeable product categories and consume lower-priced varieties within categories. Changes in the relative price of tradeables and of lower-priced varieties affect the cost of living of low-income relative to high-income households. We quantify these effects following the 1994 Mexican devaluation and show that they can have large distributional consequences. Two years post-devaluation, the cost of living for the bottom income decile rose 1.48 to 1.62 times more than for the top income decile. (JEL D12, D31, E31, F31, O12, O19, O24)

scholarly journals Basic concepts and features of good and service tax in india

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyadharshini J ◽  
Selladurai M
Keyword(s):  
Basic Structure ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Ignorance Of Law ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Historical Scenario ◽  
Structure And Design

This paper is an analysis of what the impact of Goods and Services Tax will be on Indian Tax Scenario. Here stated with a brief description of the historical scenario of Indian taxation and its tax structure. Then the need arose for the change in tax structure from traditional to GST model. GST has be detailed discuss in this paper as the background, silent features and the impact of GST in the present tax scenario in India. GST is the only indirect tax that directly affects all sectors and sections of our economy. Ignorance of law is no excuse but is liable to panel provisions, hence why not start learning GST and avoid the cost of ignorance. The GST is aimed at creating a single, unified market that will benefit both corporate and the economy. Several countries implemented this tax system followed by France, the first country introduced GST. India is a centralized democratic and therefore the GST will be implemented parallel by the central and state governments as CGST and SGST respectively. The objective will be to maintain a commonality between the basic structure and design of the CGST and SG

scholarly journals A Refined Basket of Goods Approach for Comparing Construction Costs between Countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Best
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Simple Construction ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Single Base ◽  
Industry Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Purchasing Power Parities

Most comparisons of construction industry performance requirethat construction costs be converted to a common base. Existingmechanisms for such conversions produce unreliable results.A proposed method for producing industry-specifi c conversionfactors was tested using a single building type. A basket ofmaterials and labour was identifi ed and weighted to refl ect the costshare of each item in a completed project. Prices for the basketwere gathered in three cities and simple construction specifi cconversion indices were calculated based on the constructionpurchasing power of each currency. The construction purchasingpower parities (CPPPs) showed marked differences from otheravailable conversion mechanisms such as exchange rates andgeneral purchasing power parities (PPPs) that have been used inprevious international comparison studies. While the study waslimited in scope, and is only the fi rst stage of a longer process, thesubstantial differences in comparative costs based on purchasingpower illustrate the problems inherent in international costcomparisons. For example, comparing Singapore and Sydney,Singapore costs appear to be only 40% of those in Sydney (basedon exchange rates) about two-thirds the cost of Sydney (usinggeneral PPPs) or almost the same (using the preliminary CPPPs).These results illustrate the problems of converting costs fromlocal currencies to a single base currency and suggest that furtherdevelopment is needed to improve the reliability of outcomes.

scholarly journals Pandemic, Economic Crisis and public revenue: the impacts of Complementary Law 173/2020 on personnel costs in the municipalities of the northeastern region of Santa Catarina

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Wagner Heinig ◽  
Ana Paula Myszczuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Fiscal Impact ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Personnel Costs ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Public Revenue ◽  
The Impact

In addition to being a sanitary crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic has also led to an economic crisis in Brazilian society. An obvious consequence of this economic crisis resulting from the pandemic is the fall in public revenue. The reduced consumption of goods and services by families in times of crisis has a negative fiscal impact, which in turn affects government expenditure and investments, leading to even less economic activity. In an attempt to mitigate the effects of the crisis, the Federal Program to Confront the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (Covid-19) was created through Complementary Law 173/2020 to bring relief to municipalities and other subnational entities, but under the imposition of a number of controls on personnel costs. The present study sought to analyze the impact of the economic crisis caused by the pandemic on municipal tax revenues in the northeastern region of Santa Catarina State. The study also evaluated the extent to which Complementary Law 173/2020 helped to sustain the personnel costs of the executive branch of these municipalities. The results of the study showed that there was an average reduction of 4.21% in municipal Current Net Revenues, especially in Joinville, with a reduction of 6.86%, and Campo Alegre (10.51%). The study also showed that Complementary Law 173/2020 helped to sustain personnel costs in the executive branch of the municipalities in question. Personnel costs remained within the maximum and prudential limits set by the Fiscal Responsibility Law. Nevertheless, five municipalities registered an increase in terms of percentages, notably related to the fall in Current Net Revenues during the period under study.

scholarly journals Prospects for the Formation of Social Capital of the Mesoeconomic Level of the National Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
Yurii Malakhovskyi ◽  
◽  
Snizhana Kovalenko ◽  
Ali Canso ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
The Social ◽  
Egocentric Network ◽  
Educational Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the publication is to formulate theoretic and methodological provisions on the prospects for the development of social capital of localized post-industrial scientific and educational-production clusters that embody the idea of dynamic formation of innovatively oriented ecosystems of the national economy. The research is devoted to the prospects of forming the social capital of the national economy (SKNE) as a productive value of interpersonal and intergroup network connections implemented in the production of thoughtful and coordinated results of social activities. Particular attention is paid to the distinction of key features of SKNE, unlike other forms of capital assets in the production of goods and services. The comparative matrix of identification of differences inherent in different forms of capital, according to the criteria of features of formation and implementation, natural essence, degree of distribution, ability to alienate, features of investment, inflation discounting in the process of consumption, level of participation in the formation of “chains” of value of goods and services, ability to liquidity and conversion, features of valuation methods are given. The characteristic factors of transformation of structural, relational and cognitive elements of SKNE in terms of circumstances and requirements of formation of post-industrial, post-information, network, humanomic, behavioral economy of saving and collective use of public goods are investigated. Fully the requirements of the innoving mechanism of regulation of SKNE meets the incorporation to the tools for the implementation of goals and objectives of its development of means of forecasting the future state, structure, prospects for increasing the cost of elements. This provides an opportunity to increase SKNE on the basis of Foresight procedures for analyzing the impact of these factors, formulating and modernizing the mission of forecasting inclusive social capital, a comprehensive specification of the regulatory sector, taking into account macroeconomic development scenarios. The prospects for further research are seen in the implementation of imitation verbal models of social capital adapted to the needs of the different level of national economy: microeconomic – “Individual and egocentric network”, mesoeconomic – “Sociocentric Network”, macroeconomic – “Civil Society”.

scholarly journals PANDEMI COVID 19 DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PASAR TENAGA KERJA DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Pandu Adi Cakranegara
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Quantitative Easing ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Pandemic Covid 19 is a crisis that begins with health problems. But the crisis is heading towards an economic crisis. This study examines the impact of the economic crisis using various data from various sources such as Bank Indonesia, Ministry of Finance, World Bank, International Labor Organizations, International Monetary Funds and McKinsey. Based on the data collected, the economic impact on the labor market is analyzed. The results of this study conclude that the high unemployment will create a decrease in demand while the Quantitative Easing policy and private sector debt restructuring from Bank Indonesia is directed to the supply sector. Without the demand for goods and services from consumers, the company will not be able to sell its products and recover as usual. The policy suggested from this study is that the government needs to create manpower and whenever it feels necessary to subsidize the salaries of employees, especially in the national leading sectors.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF INFLATION ON THE COST OF LIVING IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Jahaan Singh Oberai ◽  
Deepak Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

An economy may be categorized as developed or developing, but Inflation is something which is common in both the types. Inflation is a phenomenon which cannot be avoided and is therefore a universal problem faced by all economies. If stated in simple terms, inflation is nothing but a constant rise in the prices of goods and services due to certain factors. The article critically examines the impact of inflation on the cost of living in India. All aspects of inflation are discussed in the following article.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on Sport

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyöngyi Szabó Földesi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Private Funding ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Global Economic Crisis ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The current economic crisis is the worst one in decades; it is surely the worst one the world has experienced since the Great Depression in the 1930s. Although it has affected countries with different positions in the global village in different ways and to different degrees, it has had worldwide consequences in most sub-systems of societies, including sport. These are hot issues in management and in everyday practice; still, relatively little attention has been paid to them within the social sciences. The objective of this paper is to close this gap by studying how the recent global economic crisis has affected sport. Two spheres of sport have been selected for analysis: mega sport events and grassroots sports. These two fields were chosen because of their social importance and because there is little scientific evidence about how they face and answer the challenges coming from the economic crisis. The topic is discussed from the theoretical perspective of the nexus of economy, politics, society, and culture. The methodological considerations refer to the lack of reliable sources for economic data related to sport. The results indicate that mega sport events have suffered less from the recession: there might be new actors, but the show goes on. The true loser is grassroots sport. Household impoverishment might lead to a decreased willingness of the individual practitioners to pay for sports goods and services and to a decreased contribution of volunteers working in sport. The funding models vary across countries, but generally both public and private funding has been reduced. In conclusion, it is underlined that no fields of sport have been left untouched by the current global economic crisis, but grassroots sports have suffered the most from it.

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